45-532: Pakhanjur , also known as Pakhanjore , is a town, nagar panchayat , and the headquarters of the eponymous tehsil in the Kanker District of Chhattisgarh State in India . According to the 2011 Census of India , it is the second largest town in the district by population, only second to the district headquarters Kanker . It is located 120 km (75 mi) south-west of Kanker and 47 km (29 mi) west of
90-507: A minimum of ten elected ward members and three nominated members. The Chairperson or President is the head of Nagar Panchayat. The NAC members of the Nagar are elected the several wards of the nagar panchayat on the basis of adult franchise for a term of five years. One third of the seats are reserved for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, backward classes and women. The Councillors or Ward Members are chosen by direct election from electoral wards in
135-562: A notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by any subsequent notification. Article 342 (1) The President may with respect to any State or Union Territory and where it is a State, after consultation with the Governor thereof by public notification, specify the tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities which shall for the purpose of this Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Tribes in relation to that State or Union Territory, as
180-485: A targeted flow of funds and associated benefits from the annual plan of states and Union Territories (UTs) in at least a proportion to the national SC population. Twenty-seven states and UTs with sizable SC populations are implementing the plan. Although the Scheduled Castes population according to the 2001 Census was 16.66 crores (16.23% of the total population), the allocations made through SCSP have been lower than
225-635: Is Durg Jn. (DURG) on the Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line 190 km (120 mi) from Pakhanjur. The nearest local railway station is Keoti (KETI) on the Dalli Rajhara–Jagdalpur line 62 km (39 mi) away. There has been demands from various quarters to construct the proposed Gadchiroli -Bhanupratappur rail line via Durgukondal , Kapsi and Pakhanjur instead of via Manpur . This proposed line when completed, would serve as an alternative route between Nagpur and Vishakhapatnam — one of
270-554: Is Swami Vivekananda Airport , Raipur 250 km (160 mi) away. The Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Stadium Pakhanjur is famous for football and cricket tournaments. The stadium hosts annual celebrations on Independence Day (15 August) and Republic Day (26 January). All cultural and extracurricular activities are performed in the stadium and inter-school competitions are organised between them. Nagar panchayat A nagar panchayat ( transl. 'town council' ) or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India
315-511: Is 299. The pin-code of Pakhanjur is 494776, and the sub post office is Pakhanjur Camp. The Hahaladdi Iron Ore Deposit project site is connected through State highway SH-6. There is no major industrial activity in Pakhanjur tehsil. Small-scale industries include a handful of rice mills and stone crusher plants. Majority of the population and hence the economy is primarily dependent on agriculture. Pakhanjur town has two prominent bazaars namely,
360-427: Is 86.86%; the male literacy is around 91.64% and the female literacy rate is 81.54%. There were 2,332 households. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes populations were 508 and 1,201 respectively. The overwhelming majority of the population of Pakhanjur is Hindu , with Christians , Sikhs and Muslims having small populations. The sub-district code of Pakhanjur tehsil is 03354 and the total number of villages
405-409: Is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality . An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a Town Panchayat can vary from state to state. Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data,
450-595: Is surrounded by the Durgukondal tehsil and Mohla Manpur district to the north, Koyalibeda tehsil to the east, Bande tehsil to the south and the Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra to the west. People are suffering a lot because of deforestation here. Every year lakhs of trees are cut down for industrial purpose. The famous green belt is slowly turning into an orange area which is dangerous. New programs need to be initiated to promote greenery and planting of trees. As of
495-591: The 2011 census ). The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 lists 1,108 castes across 28 states in its First Schedule, and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 lists 744 tribes across 22 states in its First Schedule. Since the independence of India, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were given Reservation status , guaranteeing political representation, preference in promotion, quota in universities, free and stipended education, scholarships, banking services, various government schemes and
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#1733084854277540-520: The Constitution of India and the groups are designated in one or other of the categories. For much of the period of British rule in the Indian subcontinent , they were known as the Depressed Classes. In modern literature, many castes under the Scheduled Castes category are sometimes referred to as Dalit , meaning "broken" or "dispersed" for the untouchables. The term having been popularised by
585-415: The 2011 Indian Census, Pakhanjur nagar panchayat had a population of 10,201, consisting of 5,370 males and 4,831 females. The population of children aged 0–6 was 1,207; 11.83% of the population. The male:female sex ratio is 900, lower than the state average of 991. The child sex ratio in Pakhanjur is around 904 compared to the state average of 969. The effective literacy rate of people seven years and above
630-593: The Bande and Koyalibeda tehsils and parts of Abujhmarh , formed the erstwhile Paralkot jagir . In 1825, the region became the theatre of a tribal uprising led by Gaind Singh, a tribal leader and the zamindar of Paralkot, against the British Raj . Popularly known as the Paralkot Rebellion, the uprising saw the rebels fight against the exploitation and injustices meted out to the natives by the foreign powers. It ended with
675-560: The Bhaskel Dam and Paralkot reservoir (Kherkatta Dam), woodworking centers at Jagdalpur , Boregaon , and Umerkote , and roads and railways in the refugee resettlement areas, including the Balangir-Kozilum railway project. A factory that mainly produces aircraft engines is located at Sunabeda. The National Mineral Development Corporation works iron ore at Bailadila. Important towns are Jagdalpur, Bhawanipatna , and Koraput . The project
720-837: The British-administered provinces. After independence the Constituent Assembly continued the prevailing definition of Scheduled Castes and Tribes, giving (via articles 341 and 342) the president of India and governors of the states a mandate to compile a full listing of castes and tribes (with the power to edit it later, as required). The complete list of castes and tribes was made via two orders: The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 and The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 , respectively. Which are derived from colonial list and first updated in Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Lists (Modification) Order, 1956. Furthermore, independent India's quest for inclusivity
765-496: The Constitution lays down the general principles of positive discrimination for SCs and STs. As per Article 366 (24) of Constitution of India the Scheduled Castes is defined as: Such castes , races or tribes or part of or groups within such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under Article 341 to be Scheduled Castes for the purpose of this [Indian] constitution. As per Article 366 (25) of Constitution of India
810-648: The Dalit leader B. R. Ambedkar during the independence struggle. Ambedkar preferred the term Dalit over Gandhi 's term Harijan , meaning "people of Hari " ( lit. ' Man of God ' ). Similarly, the Scheduled Tribes are often referred to as Adivasi (earliest inhabitants), Vanvasi (inhabitants of forest) and Vanyajati (people of forest). However, the Government of India refrains from using derogatory and anthropologically incorrect terms. Instead, it uses
855-493: The Scheduled Tribes is defined as: Such tribes or tribal communities or part of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under Article 342 to the Scheduled Tribes for the purposes of this [Indian] Constitution. Article 341 (1) The President may with respect to any State or Union Territory and where it is a State after consultation with the Governor thereof, by public notification specify
900-619: The Varna system. Since the 1850s, these communities were loosely referred to as Depressed Classes, with the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The early 20th century saw a flurry of activity in the British authorities assessing the feasibility of responsible self-government for India. The Morley–Minto Reforms Report , Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms Report and the Simon Commission were several initiatives in this context. A highly contested issue in
945-423: The abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government. Each Nagar Panchayat has a committee consisting of a chairperson or president with ward members. Membership consists of
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#1733084854277990-576: The block headquarters Koyalibeda. The name of the town is written as "पखांजूर" in Devanagari script , however it is transliterated as Pakhanjur and Pakhanjore in English, the former notably supported by Indian Census sources and the latter by Dandakaranya Project report submitted to Rajya Sabha in August 1974. During the pre-independence era, the entire area covered by the Pakhanjur tehsil today along with
1035-617: The busiest freight corridors in the country — by linking the Nagpur-Wadsa-Gadchiroli line to the Bhanupratappur-Jagdalpur-Vishakhapatnam line. If the demands are met, it would provide a much needed impetus to the development of this area. In May 2022, the Ministry of Railways (India) provided in-principle approval for the survey of this line. It subsequently allocated a budget of ₹ 3.37 crore (US$ 400,000) for
1080-689: The capture and execution by hanging of the revered tribal leader on 20 January 1825. Subsequently, he came to be honoured as the first martyr of Chhattisgarh. In 1958, the Pakhanjur Colony that forms the heart of the town, was established along with the neighbouring settlements of Kapsi and Bande under the Dandakaranya Project . The Indian government created the Dandakaranya Development Authority in 1958 to assist refugees from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). It constructed
1125-412: The case may be. (2) Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Tribes specified in a notification issued under clause any tribe or tribal community or part of or group within any tribe or tribal community, but save as aforesaid a notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by any subsequent notification. In a broader sense, the term 'Scheduled' refers to
1170-470: The castes, races or tribes or parts of or groups within castes, races or tribes which shall for the purposes of this Constitution be deemed to be Scheduled Castes in relation to that State or Union Territory, as the case may be. (2) Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Castes specified in a notification issued under clause of any caste, race or tribe or part of or group within any caste, race or tribe, but save as aforesaid
1215-554: The commission established by the Ministry of Welfare's Resolution of 1989. In 2003, the Constitution was again amended to divide the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes into two commissions: the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. Due to the spread of Christianity and Islam among scheduled caste communities, the converted individuals are not protected under
1260-559: The government on broad policy issues and the development levels of SCs and STs. Now it is included in Article 342. In 1990, Article 338 was amended for the National Commission for SCs and STs with the Constitution (Sixty fifth Amendment) Bill, 1990 . The first commission under the 65th Amendment was constituted in March 1992, replacing the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and
1305-707: The larger community, and overall backwardness. The scheduling process refers back to the definitions of communities used in the colonial census along with modern anthropological study and is guided by Article 341 and 342 . Per the first clause of Article 341 and 342 , the list of Scheduled communities is subject to specific state and union territory , with area restrictions to districts , subdistricts , and tehsils . Furthermore, members of Scheduled Communities are entitled based on religious criteria: Scheduled Castes must be adherents of Hinduism , Sikhism , or Buddhism , whereas Scheduled Tribes can belong to any religion to be recognized as Scheduled. The evolution of
1350-419: The legal list of specific castes and tribes of the states and union territories, as enacted in the Constitution of India , with the purpose of social justice by ensuring social security, and providing adequate representation in education, employment, and governance to promote their upliftment and integration into mainstream society. The process of including and excluding communities, castes, or tribes to/from
1395-516: The list of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes adheres to certain silent criteria and procedures established by the Lokur committee in 1965. For Scheduled Castes (SCs), the criteria involve extreme social, educational, and economic backwardness resulting from the practice of untouchability . On the other hand, Scheduled Tribes (STs) are identified based on indications of primitive traits, distinctive culture, geographical isolation, shyness of contact with
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1440-649: The lower caste into the modern-day Scheduled Castes is complex. The caste system as a stratification of classes in India originated about 2,000 years ago, and has been influenced by dynasties and ruling elites, including the Mughal Empire and the British Raj. The Hindu concept of Varna historically incorporated occupation-based communities. Some low-caste groups, such as those formerly called untouchables who constitute modern-day Scheduled Castes, were considered outside
1485-430: The nagar panchayat. Alongside the elected officials, the state government appoints officers to facilitate the administration and functioning of Nagar Panchayats. Such as chief executive officer or Secretary, Superintendents, Engineers, Health Inspectors, etc. These officers are appointed based on specific rules and regulations set by the state government. The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by
1530-492: The old market and the new market, as the trade and commerce centres. Kapsi and Bande are the other important bazaars of the tehsil. Pakhanjur is situated on Chhattisgarh State Highway 25 and is only connected by road from Durg , Raipur , Kanker , Dalli Rajhara , Bhanupratappur , Jagdalpur , Gadchiroli and Chandrapur . Its distance is 250 km (160 mi) from the state capital Raipur . Railway services are non-existent in Pakhanjur. The nearest major railway station
1575-582: The president. Seventeen regional offices of the Commissioner were established throughout the country. There was an initiative to replace the Commissioner with a committee in the 48th Amendment to the Constitution, changing Article 338. While the amendment was being debated, the Ministry of Welfare established the first committee for SCs and STs (with the functions of the Commissioner) in August 1978. These functions were modified in September 1987 to include advising
1620-494: The proportional population. A strange factor has emerged of extremely lowered fertility of scheduled castes in Kerala , due to land reform, migrating ( Kerala Gulf diaspora ) and democratization of education. In the original Constitution, Article 338 provided for a special officer (the Commissioner for SCs and STs) responsible for monitoring the implementation of constitutional and legislative safeguards for SCs and STs and reporting to
1665-541: The proposed reforms was the reservation of seats for representation of the Depressed Classes in provincial and central legislatures. In 1935, the UK Parliament passed the Government of India Act 1935 , designed to give Indian provinces greater self-rule and set up a national federal structure. The reservation of seats for the Depressed Classes was incorporated into the act, which came into force in 1937. The Act introduced
1710-556: The safeguards built into the Constitution and other legislation, the Constitution under Articles 338 and 338A provides for two constitutional commissions: the National Commission for Scheduled Castes , and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes . The chairpersons of both commissions sit ex officio on the National Human Rights Commission . The Constitution provides a three-pronged strategy to improve
1755-401: The situation of SCs and STs: The Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan (SCSP) of 1979 mandated a planning process for the social, economic and educational development of Scheduled Castes and improvement in their working and living conditions. It was an umbrella strategy, ensuring the flow of targeted financial and physical benefits from the general sector of development to the Scheduled Castes. It entailed
1800-437: The state government. Each Indian state has its own management directorate for panchayat towns. This article about government in India is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India . The terms are recognized in
1845-551: The survey, though the route and deadline were yet undecided. Given the importance of this project, the South Eastern Central Railway zone fast-tracked the regulatory process and in August of the same year floated tenders for the final location survey and preparation of the Detailed Project Report . The survey was commissioned soon after. Pakhanjur's nearest commercial airport with regular scheduled flights
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1890-526: The term "Scheduled Castes", defining the group as "such castes, parts of groups within castes, which appear to His Majesty in Council to correspond to the classes of persons formerly known as the 'Depressed Classes', as His Majesty in Council may prefer". This discretionary definition was clarified in The Government of India (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1936 , which contained a list (or Schedule) of castes throughout
1935-565: The terms Anusuchit Jati (Scheduled Caste) and Anusuchit Janjati (Scheduled Tribe), as defined by the Constitution of India , for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. In September 2018, the government "issued an advisory to all private satellite channels asking them to refrain from using the derogatory nomenclature 'Dalit', though rights groups and intellectuals have come out against any shift from 'Dalit' in popular usage". The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes comprise about 16.6% and 8.6%, respectively, of India's population (according to
1980-431: Was incident through the appointment of B. R. Ambedkar as the chairman of the drafting committee for the Constitution. Ambedkar was a scheduled caste constitutional lawyer, a member of the low caste. After 15 years since the first amendment listing Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, the government adopted updated criteria for inclusion and exclusion based on the Lokur committee report of 1965. To effectively implement
2025-435: Was known as the Dandakaranya Project . A large number of people from East Pakistan, which is now Bangladesh were settled at the newly formed 133 settlements, each designated as a Paralkot Village (PV) and numbered from PV 1 to PV 133, in areas of Kapsi , Pakhanjur and Bande. These people suffered heavy losses leaving hundreds of acres of agricultural fields and adjusted with very small land for survival . Pakhanjur tehsil
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