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29-474: Pacuare may refer to: The Pacuare River , in Costa Rica MV Pacuare , a refrigerated ship in service with Fyffes Line from 1946-59 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Pacuare . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

58-663: A dominant allele . There have been numerous reported black panther sightings in the New Orleans area since late 2010. Recent photographs are still under examination by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife & Fisheries . In Florida, a few melanistic bobcats have been captured; these have apparently been mistaken for Florida panthers (a subspecies of cougar). Ulmer (1941) presents photographs and descriptions of two animals captured in Martin County in 1939 and 1940. In

87-440: A recessive allele . It is thought that melanism confers a selective advantage under certain conditions since it is more common in regions of dense forest, where light levels are lower. Preliminary studies also suggest that melanism might be linked to beneficial mutations in the immune system . The typical spots and rosettes are present but hidden due to the excess melanin. The taxonomic status of captive black leopards and

116-841: A black jaguar observed by local people near the Paraná River in Paraguay. In 2004, a female black jaguar was recorded in Mexico's Sierra Madre Occidental . In 2009, a black jaguar was photographed by a camera trap for the first time in Costa Rica's Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve . In Barbilla National Park , black jaguars were recorded in 2013. In the mountains of the Cordillera de Talamanca , 104 records of jaguars were obtained between 2010 and 2019; 26 of them showed melanistic jaguars. In eastern Panama, black jaguars were repeatedly photographed in

145-631: A black leopard kept in the Ménagerie du Jardin des plantes that had been brought from Java . Cuvier proposed the name Felis melas , the Javan leopard ( P. p. melas ). By the late 19th century, the occurrence of black and spotted leopard cubs in the same litter had been repeatedly recorded in India . Black leopards were thought to be more common in Travancore and in the hills of southern India than in other parts of

174-450: A bridge crossing and took 5 days to reach the narrow gauge railroad where they flagged a train back to San Jose. In 1978 Kaye started Costa Rica Expeditions to run commercial trips in Costa Rica and started running commercial trips on the Pacuare river in winter 1981/82. Between 1980(?) and 1983 Rafael Gallo, a previous employee of Kaye at Costa Rica Expeditions, gathered four rafts and started

203-766: A dead black leopard was found on a highway near Satara in Maharashtra . In May 2012, a black leopard was photographed at an elevation of 4,300 m (14,100 ft) in Nepal's Kanchenjunga Conservation Area . At least one black leopard was photographed in mixed deciduous forest in Thailand's Kaeng Krachan National Park during a one-year-long camera trapping survey from 2003 to 2004. In 2009, black leopards were photographed more often than spotted leopards in Kui Buri National Park . Most leopards recorded at 16 sites south of

232-517: Is an accepted version of this page A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of the leopard ( Panthera pardus ) and the jaguar ( Panthera onca ). Black panthers of both species have excess black pigments , but their typical rosettes are also present. They have been documented mostly in tropical forests , with black leopards in Africa and Asia, and black jaguars in South America. Melanism

261-421: Is approximately 16 miles (26 km) long and contains numerous class II through IV rapids. This section is commonly run due to the logistics necessary to reach the put-in. This section can be rafted and kayaked. This more technical section consists of approximately ten miles of whitewater including multiple class IV and V rapids as well as waterfalls. The take-out for this section is Finca La Cruz . This section

290-503: Is caused by a recessive allele in the leopard, and by a dominant allele in the jaguar. In 1788, Jean-Claude Delamétherie described a black leopard that was kept in the Tower of London and had been brought from Bengal . In 1794, Friedrich Albrecht Anton Meyer proposed the scientific name Felis fusca for this cat, the Indian leopard ( P. p. fusca ). In 1809, Georges Cuvier described

319-472: Is most commonly run in creeking style whitewater kayaks. This is the section of class III and IV whitewater that the Pacuare River is most known for. Flowing approximately 37 kilometres (23 mi) (and dropping approximately 370 metres (1,200 ft)) from Finca La Cruz to the town of Siquirres . The run can be done in a single day trip or as long as a three-day trip. The highlights of this section include

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348-722: The Kra Isthmus between 1996 and 2009 were black, indicating a near- fixation of melanism in Peninsular Malaysia. In 2019, a black individual was photographed outside a protected area in Jeli District . Both black and spotted leopards were recorded in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park in West Java between 2005 and 2017. Frequency of melanism appears to be approximately 11% over the leopard's range. Data on

377-637: The Mamoní River Valley between 2016 and 2018, mostly in primary forest . Five black jaguars have been monitored in the Várzea forest of Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve in the Brazilian State of Amazonas between 2003 and 2018. Black jaguars were also recorded in the Brazilian Pará state. Melanism in the jaguar is caused by deletions in the melanocortin 1 receptor gene and conferred by

406-493: The area are the orependula (oriel), king fisher, tiger and blue heron , hawks, osprey, king vulture , sunbittern and snowy egret . Most of the river corridor is first generation rain forest and has never been touched. Common trees of the area include the sabe tree, the national tree of Guatemala, as well as the red Indio desnudo ( naked Indian tree ). After Dos Montanas, the heart of palm , coconut palm and banana trees become very prominent. Black panther This

435-493: The area. The venomous ones include the coral snake , the bushmaster and fer-de-lance . The laura and sopy lota (long black snake that eats venomous snakes) are also common in the area. The blue morpho is the most popular butterfly of the area. The chestnut-mandibled toucan is most commonly seen when it is raining or foggy on the river. Parakeets can sometimes be seen after the Dos Montanas canyon. Other common birds of

464-466: The company Rios Tropicales. Aventuras Naturales joined the list of commercial rafting companies on the Pacuare River in the mid-1980s. 1986 saw Tico's River Adventures started in Turrialba , the closest city to the Pacuare River. In 1998 the nearby Reventazon River was dammed pushing more people and the local rafting companies to shift focus to primarily the Pacuare River. Large cats have been spotted near

493-630: The country. Black leopards were also frequently encountered in southern Myanmar . By 1929, the Natural History Museum, London had skins of black leopards collected in South Africa , Nepal , Assam and Kanara in India. Black leopards were thought to be common on the Malay Peninsula and on Java. A black African leopard ( P. p. pardus ) was sighted in the alpine zone of Mount Kenya in

522-457: The distribution of leopard populations indicates that melanism occurs in five subspecies in the wild: the Indian leopard, Javan leopard, African leopard, Indochinese leopard ( P. p. delacouri ) and Sri Lankan leopard ( P. p. kotiya ). Based on records from camera traps, melanistic leopards occur foremost in tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests . Melanism in the leopard is conferred by

551-585: The extent of hybridization between the Javan leopard and other leopard subspecies is uncertain. Therefore, coordinated breeding programs for black leopards do not exist in European and North American zoos. Black leopards occupy space needed for breeding endangered leopard subspecies and are not included within the North American Species Survival Plan . A black Amur leopard ( P. p. orientalis )

580-539: The facial stripes can be seen clearly. The limbs are dark mahogany. In certain lights the typical spot-pattern of the Florida bobcat can be distinctly seen on the side, underparts and limbs. The Bronx Park animal appears darker and the spots are not visible, although the poor light in the quarantine cage may have been the reason. Black panther sightings are frequently recorded in rural Victoria and New South Wales The Animal X Natural Mysteries Unit led an investigation into

609-443: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pacuare&oldid=933035656 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pacuare River The Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad - Costa Rica's state-owned electricity agency - suggested in 1986

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638-441: The phantom panther. Mike Williams, a local researcher, said he had sent scat and hair found by locals to labs for analysis, which identified it as scat from dogs that had feasted on swamp wallaby , and hair from a domestic cat. Williams said he also had leopard scat and hair collected from a private zoo tested by one of the same labs, but that these samples came back with the same results of dog scat and domestic cat hair. The lab used

667-507: The photographs, they appear black, and one of the hunters called them black. The Academy specimen, upon close examination, is far from black. The most heavily pigmented portions are the crown and dorsal area. In most lights these areas appear black, but at certain angles the dorsal strip has a decidedly mahogany tint. The mahogany coloring becomes lighter and richer on the sides. The underparts are lightest, being almost ferruginous in color. The chin, throat and cheeks are dark chocolate-brown, but

696-412: The possibility of building a hydroelectric dam on the river. This plan was finally rejected in 2005 due to concerns about the pollution and other impacts on tourism and the ecology of the river and its surroundings. The Pacuare River is divided into approximately sixteen sections. Starting from the top the three commonly run sections are known as The Upper Upper , The Upper and The Lower . This run

725-488: The river but as always these animals are elusive. A black panther was spotted approximately 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the river in 1986. Jaguars have been spotted near the Haucas River Gorge. Anteaters are common as well as raccoons , river otters, iguanas , capuchin monkeys , and sloths . Howler monkeys are found on the lower sections after the Dos Montanas canyon. There are five common snakes found in

754-478: The whitewater rapids and the waterfalls that flow into the river in the Huacas River Gorge . The rapids include Upper and Lower Huacas (class IV), Double Drop (class III), Cimarones (class IV) as well as multiple giant falls known around the world. The first known river running of the Pacuare was done by a group of Polish kayakers traveling the length of Central America on their way to South America in

783-475: The winter of 1980/81. The first rafting expedition was in Feb 1981 and the party was composed of Nick Hershenow, Sharon Hester, Jerry Kaufman (all USA) and Rudy Koller (Canada). Sharon Hester and Nick Hershenow were rafting guides for Michael Kaye of CREAR. This expedition used a 3.7 metres (12 ft) Avon Redshank and Rudy mostly kayaked in a Holloform. The trip was divided into the "Upper and "Lower" sections starting at

812-593: The winter of 1989–1990. In Kenya's Laikipia County , a black leopard was photographed by a camera trap in 2007; in 2018, a female subadult black leopard was repeatedly recorded together with a spotted leopard about 50 km (31 mi) farther east in a grassland. In India's Western Ghats , black leopards were sighted and photographed in 2010 and 2012 in the Kas Plateau Reserved Forest , and in Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary in 2012. In 2015,

841-551: Was exhibited at the San Diego Zoo in 2017. A pseudo-melanistic leopard has a normal background color, but the spots are more densely packed than normal, and merge to obscure the golden-brown background color. Any spots on the flanks and limbs that have not merged into the mass of swirls and stripes are unusually small and discrete, rather than forming rosettes. The face and underparts are paler and dappled, like those of ordinary spotted leopards. In 1801, Félix de Azara described

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