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51-581: The museum was founded in 1971 by the Pacificulture Foundation, which purchased "The Grace Nicholson Treasure House of Oriental Art" from the City of Pasadena. Grace Nicholson donated the structure to the city for art and cultural purposes in 1943 and was a dealer in Native American and, later, Asian art and antiques. It houses some 15,000 rare and representative examples of art from throughout Asia and

102-450: A female householder with no husband present, 3,615 (5.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 5,020 (7.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 757 (1.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 18,021 households (28.3%) were made up of individuals, and 7,474 (11.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59. There were 39,231 families (61.7% of all households);

153-554: A small shop in Pasadena, selling Native American handicrafts such as baskets and weaving. She hired crafters to teach traditional beadwork and other skills; she rented space to local artists. She traveled extensively in the rural western and Southwestern United States, worked with local dealers to build her collection, and corresponded with East Coast collectors to sell the objects. She personally photographed and catalogued her holdings; she also built an extensive photographic record beyond

204-521: Is designed in the style of a Chinese imperial palace and features a central courtyard with a garden, a small pool, and decorative carvings. The museum has a collection of more than 15,000 items from across Asia and the Pacific Islands, spanning over 5,000 years. Prominent holdings include the "Harari Collection" of Japanese paintings and drawings from the Edo (1600-1868) and Meiji (1868-1912) periods, one of

255-570: Is land and 0.205 sq mi (0.5 km ), comprising 0.49%, is water. The city is part of the North Bay region, which includes such cities as Petaluma , Rohnert Park , Windsor , and smaller cities as Sonoma , Healdsburg , Sebastopol . It lies along the US Route 101 corridor, approximately 55 miles (89 km) north of San Francisco , via the Golden Gate Bridge . Santa Rosa lies on

306-715: Is now home to the USC Pacific Asia Museum . Much of her private collection of artifacts was incorporated into the holdings of the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian . Another large collection of items purchased from Nicholson was bequeathed to the Montclair Art Museum in New Jersey, by Florence Rand Osgood Lang. A Grace Nicholson scholarship for women students who demonstrate artistic talent

357-606: Is slightly lower than the rate of California (411.1 per 100,000 people) and higher than that of the entire U.S. (386.3 per 100,000 people). 2021 and especially its late spring and summer saw an increase in shootings, violence, homicides, drug, gang, and homeless-related crimes. The increase was up to double for some crimes and problems, compared to the previous several years. There are at least 2,700 homeless people in Sonoma County. Around 1,500 are in Santa Rosa, about one percent of

408-625: The Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition in Seattle , for a display of baskets and other artifacts. In 1924, she designed a new building for her collections, which (reflective of changing fashions) had begun to focus on Asian art. The architectural firm of Marston, Van Pelt & Maybury worked with Nicholson to realize her vision. Her design, nicknamed the "Treasure House," borrowed elements from buildings she had seen in China . The building

459-685: The Field Museum in Chicago . She lectured about "the Indian" to churches and civic groups. In recognition of her expertise, Nicholson was elected to the American Anthropological Association in 1904. As a member of the "Anthropological Society," she joined a tour group that visited horticulturist Luther Burbank in 1905, in Santa Rosa, California . In 1909, she was awarded a silver medal at

510-510: The Mexican-American War , a Wells Fargo post and general store were established in what is now downtown Santa Rosa. In the mid-1850s, several prominent locals, including Julio Carrillo, son of Maria Carrillo, laid out the grid street pattern for Santa Rosa with a public square in the center. This pattern has been largely maintained in downtown to this day, despite changes to the central square, now called Old Courthouse Square. In 1867,

561-625: The Pacific Islands . In 2013, the museum became part of the University of Southern California . The building was temporarily closed beginning June 27, 2016 until December 2017 for a seismic retrofit and renovation. It has reopened as of December 8, 2017 with new operating hours. The building, which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places , was built in 1926 and designed by the architectural firm of Marston, Van Pelt & Maybury. It

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612-584: The Sonoma pueblo and Petaluma area. In the 1830s, during the Mexican period, the family of María López de Carrillo built an adobe house on their Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa land grant, just east of what later became downtown Santa Rosa. By the 1820s, before the Carrillos built their adobe in the 1830s, Spanish and Mexican settlers from nearby Sonoma and other settlements to the south were known to raise livestock in

663-632: The Tubbs Fire , a 45,000-acre wildfire that claimed the lives of at least 19 people in Sonoma County. Named after its origin near Tubbs Lane and Highway 128 in adjacent Napa County, the fire became a major section of the most destructive and third deadliest firestorm in California history. Most homes in the Coffey Park, Larkfield-Wikiup , and Fountain Grove neighborhoods were destroyed. A notable exception to

714-555: The United States Geological Survey released a map detailing the results of a new tool that measures ground shaking during an earthquake. The map determined that the 1906 San Francisco earthquake was most powerful in an area between Santa Rosa and what is now Sebastopol , causing more damage in Santa Rosa (for its size) than any other city affected. On October 1, 1969, two earthquakes of magnitudes 5.6 and 5.7 shook Santa Rosa, damaging about 100 structures. They were

765-597: The county seat of Sonoma County , in the North Bay region of the Bay Area in California . Its population as of the 2020 census was 178,127. It is the largest city in California's Wine Country and Redwood Coast . It is the fifth most populous city in the Bay Area after San Jose , San Francisco , Oakland , and Fremont ; and the 25th-most populous city in California. Before the arrival of Europeans, what became known as

816-522: The 1850s and early 1860s. In the 1870 census , Santa Rosa was the eighth-largest city in California, and county seat of one of the most populous counties in the state. Growth and development after that was steady but never rapid. The city continued to grow when other early population centers declined or stagnated, but by 1900 it was being overtaken by many other newer population centers in the San Francisco Bay Area and Southern California. By 1900,

867-501: The 20-year period. Some of the increase was from annexation of portions of the surrounding area. In 1958, the United States Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization designated Santa Rosa as one of its eight regional headquarters, with jurisdiction over Region 7, which included American Samoa , Arizona , California , Guam , Hawaii , Nevada , and Utah . Santa Rosa continued as a major center for civil defense activity (under

918-536: The Hispanic population, 98% of Santa Rosa is Mexican , 0.8% Salvadoran , and 0.4% Puerto Rican . The Census reported that 164,405 people (98.0% of the population) lived in households, 1,697 (1.0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,713 (1.0%) were institutionalized. There were 63,590 households, out of which 20,633 (32.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 27,953 (44.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 7,663 (12.1%) had

969-590: The Office of Emergency Planning and the Office of Emergency Preparedness) until 1979 when the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was created in its place, ending the civil defense's 69-year history. When the City Council adopted the city's first modern General Plan in 1991, the population was about 113,000. In the 21 years following 1970, Santa Rosa grew by about 3,000 residents a year—triple

1020-551: The Pomo population had decreased by 95%. According to a 1905 article in the Press Democrat reporting on the "Battle of the Trains", the city had just over 10,000 people at the time. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake essentially destroyed the entire downtown, but the city's population did not greatly suffer. However, after that period the population growth of Santa Rosa, as with most of

1071-571: The Pomos were decimated by violence, land theft, slavery, genocide and smallpox brought from Europe. Social displacement and disruption followed. There are descendants of survivors still living in the region today. Santa Rosa was founded in 1833 and named by Mexican colonists after Saint Rose of Lima . The first known permanent European settlement here was the homestead of the Carrillo family of California , in-laws to Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo , who settled

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1122-574: The Santa Rosa Plain was home to a strong and populous tribe of Pomo people known as the Bitakomtara. The Bitakomtara controlled the area closely, barring passage to others until permission was arranged. Those who entered without permission were subject to harsh penalties. The tribe gathered at ceremonial times on Santa Rosa Creek near present-day Spring Lake Regional Park . Following the arrival of Europeans, initially Spanish explorers and colonists,

1173-721: The Santa Rosa Plain. The city's eastern extremities stretch into the Valley of the Moon, and the Sonoma Creek watershed known as the Sonoma Valley . The city's western edge lies in the Laguna de Santa Rosa catchment basin. The city is in the watershed of Santa Rosa Creek , which rises on Hood Mountain and discharges to the Laguna de Santa Rosa. Tributary basins to Santa Rosa Creek lying significantly in

1224-465: The area, was very slow. Santa Rosa grew following World War II because it was the location for Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Santa Rosa , the remnants of which are now located in southwest Santa Rosa. The city was a convenient location for San Francisco travelers bound for the Russian River . The population increased by two-thirds between 1950 and 1970, an average of 1,000 new residents a year over

1275-518: The area. They slaughtered animals at the fork of the Santa Rosa Creek and Matanzas Creek , near the intersection of modern-day Santa Rosa and Sonoma avenues. This is thought to have been the origin of the name of Matanzas Creek; because it was a slaughtering place, the confluence came to be called La Matanza. By the 1850s, after the United States annexed California following its victory in

1326-655: The average family size was 3.18. In terms of age cohorts, there were 39,217 people (23.4%) under the age of 18, 15,982 people (9.5%) aged 18 to 24, 46,605 people (27.8%) aged 25 to 44, 43,331 people (25.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 22,680 people (13.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males. There were 67,396 housing units at an average density of 1,624.0 units per square mile (627.0 units/km ), of which 34,427 (54.1%) were owner-occupied, and 29,163 (45.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate

1377-409: The average growth during the previous twenty years. Santa Rosa 2010 , the 1991 General Plan, called for a population of 175,000 in 2010. The Council expanded the city's urban boundary to include all the land then planned for future annexation, and declared it would be Santa Rosa's "ultimate" boundary. The rapid growth that was being criticized as urban sprawl became routine infill development. At

1428-426: The city are Brush Creek , Matanzas Creek , and Piner Creek . Other water bodies within the city include Fountaingrove Lake , Lake Ralphine , and Santa Rosa Creek Reservoir . The prominent visual features east of the city include Bennett Peak , Mount Hood , and Sonoma and Taylor mountains . Santa Rosa has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csb ) with cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers. In

1479-1139: The city was $ 50,931, and the median income for a family was $ 59,659. Males had a median income of $ 40,420 versus $ 30,597 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 24,495. 8.5% of the population and 5.1% of families were below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 9.5% of those under the age of 18 and 4.7% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Neighborhoods such as South Park in south Santa Rosa, Corby Avenue, and Roseland, West Ninth District, and Apple Valley in west Santa Rosa, are most vulnerable to criminal activity. Acts of crime in these neighborhoods are commonly burglaries, graffiti, and violent gang activity. Street gangs such as Sureños and Norteños have large concentrations throughout Santa Rosa. There are multiple other gangs, including mostly racially based gangs or racially mixed that commit theft, street and violent crimes, motorcycle gangs , white supremacist gangs, and prison gangs. In 2011, there were 5 homicides, 58 rapes, 134 robberies, 485 aggravated assaults, and 637 burglaries. The violent crime rate for Santa Rosa (401.7 per 100,000 people)

1530-974: The city, and divides it into east and west sides. State Route 12 runs roughly east–west, and divides the city into north and south sides. Neighborhoods , including both current ones and areas formerly known and named, include: The 2010 United States Census reported that Santa Rosa had a population of 167,815. The population density was 4,043.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,561.3/km ). The racial makeup of Santa Rosa was: 119,158 White (59.7% non-Hispanic white ), 4,079 (2.4%) African American , 2,808 (1.7%) Native American , 8,746 (5.2%) Asian (1.0% Filipino , 1.0% Chinese , 0.8% Vietnamese , 0.6% Indian , 0.5% Cambodian , 0.5% Laotian , 0.3% Japanese , 0.3% Korean , 0.1% Thai , 0.1% Nepalese ), 810 (0.5%) Pacific Islander (0.2% Fijian , 0.1% Samoan , 0.1% Hawaiian , 0.1% Guamanian ), 23,723 (14.1%) from other races , 8,491 (5.1%) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 47,970 persons (28.6%). Among

1581-642: The city, while foxes , and rabbits may be regularly seen in the more rural areas. In addition, the city borders and then wraps around the northern end of Trione Annadel State Park, which itself extends into the Sonoma Mountains and Sonoma Valley. Trione-Annadel State Park also adjoins Spring Lake County Park and Howarth Park, forming one contiguous park system that enables visitors to venture into wild native habitats. Santa Rosa can be seen as divided into four quadrants: Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, and Northwest. U.S. Route 101 runs roughly north–south through

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1632-603: The city. Downtown Santa Rosa, including its outskirts and the area south of the Santa Rosa Mall (Wilson and Morgan Street) and Mendocino Avenue area, South Park/Fairgrounds area, Santa Rosa Avenue, West Steele Lane, and the Joe Rodota Trail /Stony Point districts and neighborhoods have been concentrations of homeless people since the 2000s. Homeless services can be found in the Wilson Street area. Forbes Magazine ranked

1683-405: The county recognized Santa Rosa as an incorporated city; in 1868, the state officially confirmed the incorporation, making it the third incorporated city in Sonoma County after Petaluma , incorporated in 1858, and Healdsburg , incorporated in 1867. United States Census Bureau records show that after California became a state, Santa Rosa grew steadily, though it lagged behind nearby Petaluma in

1734-564: The destruction in the area was the protection of more than 1,000 animals at the renowned Safari West Wildlife Preserve northeast of Santa Rosa. All of the preserve's animals were saved by owner Peter Lang. At age 76, he single-handedly and successfully fought back the flames for more than 10 hours using garden hoses. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 41.50 sq mi (107.5 km ). Of that area, 41.29 sq mi (106.9 km )

1785-547: The driest from July 1976 to June 1977 with 13.06 inches (331.7 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 19.42 inches (493.3 mm) in February 1998 and the most rainfall in 24 hours was 5.23 inches (132.8 mm) on December 19, 1981. Measurable snowfall is extremely rare in the lowlands, but light amounts sometimes fall in the nearby mountains. There are an average of 28.9 afternoons with highs of 90 °F (32.2 °C) or more and an average of 30.2 mornings with lows reaching

1836-508: The first five-year update of the plan, in 1996, the Council extended the planning period by ten years, renaming it Vision 2020 (updated to Santa Rosa 2020 , and then again to Santa Rosa 2030 Vision ), and added more land and population. Santa Rosa annexed the community of Roseland in November 2017. Beginning on the night of October 8, 2017, five percent of the city's homes were destroyed in

1887-594: The freezing mark. The record high was 115 °F (46.1 °C) on September 6, 2022, and the record low was 9 °F (−12.8 °C) on December 25, 1924. Santa Rosa lies atop the Healdsburg-Rodgers Creek segment of the Hayward-Rodgers Creek Fault System . The Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities estimated a minimum 27 percent chance of a magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake on this segment by 2037. On November 21, 2005,

1938-423: The largest collections of Japanese folk paintings outside Japan. The museum's exhibits also look at the mash-up of Chinese calligraphy and American graffiti: In 2024, the museum's exhibit "Another Beautiful Country" explored the work of Chinese American artists. It was curated by art historian Dr. Jenny Lin, a professor at the University of Southern California . California Historical Landmark Marker NO. 988 at

1989-442: The most populous Chinese communities. As of the census of 2000, there were 63,153 households, of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2040-535: The objects, especially of the Klamath River people, with whom she had frequent dealings. She developed longterm relationships with some favorite crafters, well beyond ordinary business dealings: she paid for eye surgery for one ailing basketmaker, and paid college tuition for another young woman. Nicholson acquired artifacts for sale, but also for major museums such as the Smithsonian Institution and

2091-614: The site reads: Grace Nicholson Grace Nicholson (December 31, 1877 – August 31, 1948) was an American art collector and art dealer, specializing in Native American and Chinese handicrafts. The space she originally designed for her shop is now home to the USC Pacific Asia Museum in Pasadena, California . Grace Nicholson was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , daughter of Franklin Nicholson and Rose Dennington Nicholson. Her father

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2142-432: The strongest quakes to affect the city since 1906. The epicenters were about two miles (3.2 km) north of Santa Rosa. Due to its population, much of Santa Rosa's remaining undisturbed area is on its urban fringe. However, the principal wildlife corridors of Santa Rosa Creek and its tributaries flow right through the heart of the town. Great blue herons , great egrets , snowy egrets and black-crowned herons nest in

2193-489: The summer, fog and low overcast often move in from the Pacific Ocean during the evenings and mornings. They usually clear up to very warm, sunny weather by late morning or noon before returning in the later evening but will occasionally linger all day. Average annual rainfall is 32.20 inches (818 mm), falling on 74 days annually. The wettest “rain year” was from July 1982 to June 1983 with 55.66 inches (1,413.8 mm) and

2244-521: The trees of the median strip on West Ninth Street as well as along Santa Rosa Creek and downtown. Deer often are spotted roaming the neighborhoods nearer the eastern hills, as deep into town as Franklin Avenue and the McDonald area; rafters of wild turkeys are relatively common in some areas; and mountain lions are occasionally observed within city limits. Raccoons and opossums are a common sight throughout

2295-482: The western part of Santa Rosa. The highest percentage of Hispanic residents in Santa Rosa is in the Apple Valley Lane/Papago Court neighborhood, at 87%. The Southeast Asian communities, mainly Vietnamese, Laotian, and Cambodian, are concentrated within the western Santa Rosa neighborhoods of Bellevue Ranch, Roseland, and West Steele areas. The northeast neighborhoods of Skyhawk and Fountaingrove have

2346-420: Was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.0%. 87,244 people (52.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 77,161 people (46.0%) lived in rental housing units. As of 2011 , there are an estimated 4,539 homeless people living in Sonoma County, many of whom live in Santa Rosa. Santa Rosa's Hispanic population, mainly of Mexican descent, while spread out through the city, is concentrated within

2397-407: Was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.14. In terms of age cohorts, 24.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.5% was from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males. The median income for a household in

2448-507: Was an attorney, and her mother trained as an educator. Rose Nicholson died from complications following Grace's birth; when Grace was a teen, her father also died, and she was sent to live with her paternal grandparents. They both died in 1901, leaving her an inheritance. Nicholson attended Philadelphia High School for Girls , graduating in the class of 1896. She briefly worked as a stenographer after high school. In 1901, using her inheritance, Nicholson moved to California, and soon opened

2499-552: Was deeded to the City of Pasadena in 1943, but she continued to live in her private apartment on the second floor until her death from cancer in 1948. Nicholson was an active charter member of the Zonta Club of Pasadena, and hosted meetings at her home, including a 1929 Christmas party attended by Amelia Earhart . Nicholson's papers and photographs were donated to the Huntington Library in 1968. Nicholson's 1925 building

2550-514: Was established at Scripps College in 1951. In 2010, over two hundred sacred and ceremonial items collected by Nicholson and purchased from her by George Gustav Heye were repatriated to the Yurok people, one of the largest repatriations in the history of the National Museum of the American Indian. Santa Rosa, California Santa Rosa ( Spanish for " Saint Rose ") is a city in and

2601-751: Was opened as an art gallery and shop in 1925, although the interior garden courtyard was not completed until 1929. The Los Angeles Times regularly included Nicholson's gallery in listings of local art events. Notable artists whose work was presented under her supervision include Honolulu-based Frank Montague Moore , Southwestern painter Joseph Henry Sharp , Danish silversmith Georg Jensen , William Victor Higgins , watercolorist Pop Hart , Emil Fuchs , Dutch cartoonist Gustave Verbeek , Grace Hudson , Agnes Lawrence Pelton , undersea painter Zarh Pritchard , and Irish-born illustrator Power O'Malley . She hosted an especially eclectic display of European tapestries and Persian pottery in 1928. Her building

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