47-498: Oxclose is an area of Washington , Tyne and Wear , England. It is located between the A1231, A182 and A195 highways, close to Sunderland , and is well served by links from the A1(M) which passes within 1 mile (1.6 km) of Oxclose's boundaries. Oxclose covers an area of approximately 0.1 square miles (300,000 m) and has a population of around 3800 (2001 Census). There are two churches,
94-632: A Japanese weekend supplementary school , holds its classes in the Oxclose Community School. 54°53′50″N 01°32′42″W / 54.89722°N 1.54500°W / 54.89722; -1.54500 This Tyne and Wear location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Washington, Tyne and Wear Washington is a town in the Sunderland district, in Tyne and Wear , England. Historically part of County Durham , it
141-576: A 'Multi-Purpose' Centre and a village centre which contains a shop, newsagents, fish and chip shop and a local pub called The Ox and Plough. It is also near to the Galleries Shopping Centre . There are four schools in Oxclose: Oxclose Nursery, Oxclose Primary School, St John Boste RC Primary School and Oxclose Community Academy . The North East of England Japanese Saturday School (北東イングランド補習授業校 Hokutō Ingurando Hoshū Jugyō Kō ),
188-486: A noun phrase and then a prepositional phrase often led by to or for . For example: "The players gave their teammates high fives." "The players gave high fives to their teammates." When two noun phrases follow a transitive verb, the first is an indirect object, that which is receiving something, and the second is a direct object, that being acted upon. Indirect objects can be noun phrases or prepositional phrases. Double transitive verbs (sometimes called Vc verbs after
235-463: A state of being ( be , exist , stand ). In the usual description of English , the basic form, with or without the particle to , is the infinitive . In many languages , verbs are inflected (modified in form) to encode tense , aspect , mood , and voice . A verb may also agree with the person , gender or number of some of its arguments , such as its subject , or object . In English, three tenses exist: present , to indicate that an action
282-554: A traditional Sainsbury's as the SavaCentre brand was phased out. The town is made up of villages and includes the five ancient townships of Washington. Its villages are: The town also has ten industrial estates, some of which are named after famous northern engineers, such as Parsons , Armstrong , Stephenson , Phineas Crowther, Pattinson , Swan and Emerson . The has a Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust nature reserve and The Washington 'F' Pit mining museum . The Washington Arts Centre
329-453: A transitive verb can often drop its object and become intransitive; or an intransitive verb can take an object and become transitive. For example, in English the verb move has no grammatical object in he moves (though in this case, the subject itself may be an implied object, also expressible explicitly as in he moves himself ); but in he moves the car , the subject and object are distinct and
376-468: Is a converted farm building. The Centre includes an exhibition gallery, community theatre, artist studios and a recording studio. The North East Land, Sea and Air Museums is just north of the old RAF Usworth base. The Nissan plant takes up much of the rest. The municipal airport previously run from the site was closed in 1984 to make way for the Nissan plant. Historically, Washington was heavily involved in
423-401: Is being carried out; past , to indicate that an action has been done; future , to indicate that an action will be done, expressed with the auxiliary verb will or shall . For example: Every language discovered so far makes a some form of noun -verb distinction, possibly because of the graph-like nature of communicated meaning by humans, i.e. nouns being the "entities" and verbs being
470-497: Is divided into 18 residential "villages". It was originally also divided into the 15 numbered districts, which confused many visitors to the area. The numbered districts were abolished in 1983 though survived for a while on road signs and in postal addresses. Land in the south west of the area designated for the town was purchased from the Lambton family, the Earls of Durham . Their estate of
517-445: Is one that does not have a direct object. Intransitive verbs may be followed by an adverb (a word that addresses how, where, when, and how often) or end a sentence. For example: "The woman spoke softly." "The athlete ran faster than the official." "The boy wept ." A transitive verb is followed by a noun or noun phrase . These noun phrases are not called predicate nouns, but are instead called direct objects because they refer to
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#1732872628347564-616: Is part of the Washington and Sunderland West parliamentary constituency and is represented in the House of Commons by Sharon Hodgson of the Labour Party . There is a major bus station situated at The Galleries, and another at Concord in the north of Washington. The primary provider of transport (buses) in the area is Go North East , with local services as well as connections to Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland, and many other towns and cities in
611-648: Is the ancestral settlement of the local Washington family , from which the first President of the United States George Washington descended. It has a population of 67,085. It is located between Chester-le-Street , Gateshead and South Tyneside . Washington was designated a new town in 1964. It became part of Tyne and Wear in 1974. The town has expanded dramatically since its designation; new villages were created and areas were reassigned from Chester-le-Street , to offer housing and employment to those moving from adjoining areas and further afield. At
658-429: Is the use of auxiliary verbs or inflections to convey whether the action or state is before, simultaneous with, or after some reference point. The reference point could be the time of utterance , in which case the verb expresses absolute tense , or it could be a past, present, or future time of reference previously established in the sentence, in which case the verb expresses relative tense . Aspect expresses how
705-483: The 2011 census , Washington had a population of 67,085, compared to 53,388 in 2001. Early references appear around 1096 in Old English as Wasindone. The etymological origin is disputed and there are several proposed theories for how the name "Washington" came about. Early interpretations included Wasindone ( people of the hill by the stream , 1096), or Wassyngtona ( settlement of Wassa's people , 1183). The origins of
752-604: The Beeching cuts and to freight in 1991. The now overgrown site is on the disused Leamside Line which connected Durham and Sunderland via the town to Newcastle . The line was lifted and mothballed by Network Rail and partly is in use as an unmarked footpath. In June 2009, the Association of Train Operating Companies called for a scheme funding the reopening of 33 stations (including the town's station) on 14 lines closed by
799-539: The Germanic grammatical features that permeated Anglo-Saxon English. This causes confusion for many in regard to the name Hwæsingatūn . It is essentially composed of three main (albeit grammatically altered) elements: The combined elements (with all correct conjugations in place) therefore create the name Hwæsingatūn with a full and technical meaning of "the estate of the descendants of Hwæsa". However, there has been no evidence found of any chieftain/land owner/farmer in
846-415: The "links" between them. In languages where the verb is inflected, it often agrees with its primary argument (the subject) in person, number or gender. With the exception of the verb to be , English shows distinctive agreements only in the third person singular, present tense form of verbs, which are marked by adding "-s" ( walk s ) or "-es" ( fish es ). The rest of the persons are not distinguished in
893-485: The Beeching Axe and seven new-build parkway stations. The first stage of a business case was published in 2022, this involved extending the Tyne and Wear Metro to Washington if Government funding was secured. Verb A verb (from Latin verbum 'word') is part of speech that in syntax generally conveys an action ( bring , read , walk , run , learn ), an occurrence ( happen , become ), or
940-567: The City of Sunderland. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company , the American tyre production giant, opened a new factory in Washington in 1968, which later became Dunlop and Sumitomo Tyres. However, it closed on 5 July 2006 with the loss of 585 jobs. The site is now occupied by Rolls-Royce Holdings making aero engine blades, and British Aerospace . There are several primary, secondary schools and colleges in
987-780: The action or state occurs through time. Important examples include: Aspect can either be lexical , in which case the aspect is embedded in the verb's meaning (as in "the sun shines", where "shines" is lexically stative), or it can be grammatically expressed, as in "I am running." Modality expresses the speaker's attitude toward the action or state given by the verb, especially with regard to degree of necessity, obligation, or permission ("You must go", "You should go", "You may go"), determination or willingness ("I will do this no matter what"), degree of probability ("It must be raining by now", "It may be raining", "It might be raining"), or ability ("I can speak French"). All languages can express modality with adverbs , but some also use verbal forms as in
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#17328726283471034-429: The area by the name of Hwæsa , although any such records from the time would likely have been long lost by now. Another of the popular origin theories is that Washington is in fact derived from the Old English verb wascan and the noun dūn meaning "hill"; thus making the name Wascandūn , meaning "washing hill". This theory likely originates from the proximity of the river Wear to the actual Anglo-Saxon hall at
1081-578: The area in 1183. As was the custom, he took the name of his new estates (Wessyngtonlands) , and became William de Wessyngton. By 1539, when the family moved to Sulgrave Manor in Northamptonshire , the spelling "Washington" had been adopted. The present Hall is an early 17th-century small English manor house of sandstone . Only the foundations and the arches between the Kitchen and the Great Hall remain of
1128-673: The chemical works. This area is now the Pattinson South industrial estate and the Teal Farm housing estate. Currently, Washington's main industries include electronics, car assembly, chemicals, electrical goods and government offices at the Town Centre and beside the Wetlands Centre. The Nissan automotive plant is the largest car assembler in Britain and the largest private-sector employer in
1175-558: The coal industry with a number of pits. One of these in the Albany district of Washington is preserved as the 'F' Pit Museum (Washington colliery shafts alphabetically A to I e.g. the 'F' Pit). A number of the old communities of Washington grew up around the pits (e.g. Little Usworth grew up around the Usworth Colliery before being renamed Sulgrave. In support of the mines, there was a series of wagonways and later railway lines to transport
1222-588: The coal. The wagonways took coal to Staithes on the River Wear, where it could be loaded onto barges to be taken to the seagoing vessels at Sunderland. Washington was also involved in the chemical industry and the Washington Chemical Works was a major employer in the 19th century. This later became the Cape/Newalls Works, which produced insulation. The Pattinson Town area of Washington grew up around
1269-414: The destination takes the active suffix -i (> mangai- ) in the intransitive form, and as a transitive verb the stem is not suffixed. The TAM ending -nu is the general today past attainative perfective, found with all numbers in the perfective except the singular active, where -ma is found. Depending on the language, verbs may express grammatical tense , aspect , or modality . Grammatical tense
1316-413: The given examples. If the verbal expression of modality involves the use of an auxiliary verb, that auxiliary is called a modal verb . If the verbal expression of modality involves inflection, we have the special case of mood ; moods include the indicative (as in "I am there"), the subjunctive (as in "I wish I were there"), and the imperative ("Be there!"). The voice of a verb expresses whether
1363-440: The hardest she has ever completed." Copular verbs ( a.k.a. linking verbs) include be , seem , become , appear , look , and remain . For example: "Her daughter was a writing tutor." "The singers were very nervous." "His mother looked worried." "Josh remained a reliable friend." These verbs precede nouns or adjectives in a sentence, which become predicate nouns and predicate adjectives. Copulae are thought to 'link'
1410-528: The house, named Dame Margaret Home in his late wife's honour. It later became a Dr Barnardo's home until World War II. After the war, it was taken over by the National Coal Board as a training centre, and then a children's home again. It is now a number of private apartments. Washington's design was developed through the New Towns concept aiming to achieve sustainable socio-economic growth. The new town
1457-421: The name Washington are not fully known. The most supported theory (especially amongst local historians) is that Washington is derived from Anglo-Saxon Hwæsingatūn , which roughly means "estate of the descendants (family) of Hwæsa". Hwæsa (usually rendered Wassa or Wossa in modern English ) is an Old English name meaning " wheat sheaf". Due to the evolution of English grammar , modern English lacks
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1504-525: The norm. In the objective, the verb takes an object but no subject; the nonreferent subject in some uses may be marked in the verb by an incorporated dummy pronoun similar to that used with the English weather verbs. Impersonal verbs in null subject languages take neither subject nor object, as is true of other verbs, but again the verb may show incorporated dummy pronouns despite the lack of subject and object phrases. Verbs are often flexible with regard to valency. In non-valency marking languages such as English,
1551-422: The object that is being acted upon. For example: "My friend read the newspaper." "The teenager earned a speeding ticket." A way to identify a transitive verb is to invert the sentence, making it passive. For example: "The newspaper was read by my friend." "A speeding ticket was earned by the teenager." Ditransitive verbs (sometimes called Vg verbs after the verb give ) precede either two noun phrases or
1598-596: The original house. William de Wessyngton (originally William Bayard , later de Hertburne ) was a forebear of George Washington , the first president of the United States , after whom the US capital , a state and many other places in the United States are named . Though George Washington's great-grandfather John Washington left for Virginia from Northamptonshire in the East Midlands region of England, Washington Old Hall
1645-586: The predicate adjective or noun to the subject. They can also be followed by an adverb of place, which is sometimes referred to as a predicate adverb. For example: "My house is down the street." The main copular verb be is manifested in eight forms be , is , am , are , was , were , been , and being in English. The number of arguments that a verb takes is called its valency or valence . Verbs can be classified according to their valency: Weather verbs often appear to be impersonal (subjectless, or avalent) in null-subject languages like Spanish , where
1692-642: The region. Major roads run through Washington: the A182 , the A1231 (Sunderland Highway) and the A195 all connect to the A1(M) motorway (which acts as the western boundary of Washington proper) or its feeder, the A194 . Washington Services is situated between Junctions 64 and 65 of the A1(M) , and incorporates a Travelodge . The town's railway station closed to passengers in the 1960s due to
1739-626: The relationship those words have with the verb itself. Classified by the number of their valency arguments, usually four basic types are distinguished: intransitives, transitives, ditransitives and double transitive verbs. Some verbs have special grammatical uses and hence complements, such as copular verbs (i.e., be ); the verb do used for do -support in questioning and negation; and tense or aspect auxiliaries, e.g., be , have or can . In addition, verbs can be non-finite (not inflected for person, number, tense, etc.), such special forms as infinitives , participles or gerunds . An intransitive verb
1786-494: The same name includes their ancestral home, Lambton Castle . In 1970, Washington hosted the English Schools Athletic Association (ESAA) annual National Championships, attended by the then Lord Lieutenant of County Durham. On 15 November 1977, the very first SavaCentre hypermarket (a Sainsbury's and British Home Stores joint venture ) opened at The Galleries. By 2005, however, it had been rebranded as
1833-557: The subject of the verb is performing the action of the verb or whether the action is being performed on the subject. The two most common voices are the active voice (as in "I saw the car") and the passive voice (as in "The car was seen by me" or simply "The car was seen"). Most languages have a number of verbal nouns that describe the action of the verb. In the Indo-European languages, verbal adjectives are generally called participles . English has an active participle, also called
1880-426: The subject—it is a strictly dependent-marking language . On the other hand, Basque , Georgian , and some other languages, have polypersonal agreement : the verb agrees with the subject, the direct object, and even the secondary object if present, a greater degree of head-marking than is found in most European languages. Verbs vary by type, and each type is determined by the kinds of words that accompany it and
1927-512: The time (most likely where Washington Old Hall stands today). This idea is not backed by linguistic evidence. Combining the two Old English words "wascan" and "dūn" would actually have meant " washed hill" and not " washing hill". Also, the Old English "dūn" meant a range of gently rolling hills, as evidenced by the naming of the North and South Downs in southern England. The Old Hall may have been built by William de Hertburn , who moved to
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1974-467: The verb consider ) are followed by a noun phrase that serves as a direct object and then a second noun phrase, adjective, or infinitive phrase. The second element (noun phrase, adjective, or infinitive) is called a complement, which completes a clause that would not otherwise have the same meaning. For example: "The young couple considers the neighbors wealthy people." "Some students perceive adults quite inaccurately." "Sarah deemed her project to be
2021-506: The verb llueve means "It rains". In English, French and German, they require a dummy pronoun and therefore formally have a valency of 1. As verbs in Spanish incorporate the subject as a TAM suffix, Spanish is not actually a null-subject language, unlike Mandarin (see above). Such verbs in Spanish also have a valency of 1. Intransitive and transitive verbs are the most common, but the impersonal and objective verbs are somewhat different from
2068-525: The verb ( I walk , you walk , they walk , etc.). Latin and the Romance languages inflect verbs for tense–aspect–mood (abbreviated 'TAM'), and they agree in person and number (but not in gender, as for example in Polish ) with the subject. Japanese , like many languages with SOV word order, inflects verbs for tense-aspect-mood, as well as other categories such as negation, but shows absolutely no agreement with
2115-724: The verb has a different valency. Some verbs in English have historically derived forms that show change of valency in some causative verbs, such as fall-fell-fallen : fell-felled-felled ; rise-rose-risen : raise-raised-raised ; cost-cost-cost : cost-costed-costed . In valency marking languages, valency change is shown by inflecting the verb in order to change the valency. In Kalaw Lagaw Ya of Australia, for example, verbs distinguish valency by argument agreement suffixes and TAM endings: Verb structure: manga-i-[number]-TAM "arrive+active+singular/dual/plural+TAM" Verb structure: manga-Ø-[number]-TAM "arrive+attainative+singular/dual/plural+TAM" The verb stem manga- 'to take/come/arrive' at
2162-652: The villages of Washington. The North East of England Japanese Saturday School (北東イングランド補習授業校 Hokutō Ingurando Hoshū Jugyō Kō ), a Japanese weekend supplementary school , held its classes in the Oxclose Community School in Oxclose . Washington F.C. is a club based in the Northern League Division Two which is the tenth level of the English game. In 2005, Washington R.F.C was established. The club currently plays in Durham and Northumberland Division 3. Washington
2209-485: Was the family home of George Washington's ancestors. The present structure incorporates small parts of the medieval home in which they lived. American Independence Day is marked each year by a ceremony at Washington Old Hall. Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell and his wife Margaret, grandparents of Gertrude Bell , lived in Washington New Hall on The Avenue. After Margaret's death in 1871, Sir Isaac set up an orphanage in
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