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34-558: Although the international division opened in 1946, the OS had been involved in overseas work for almost a century (notably the 1864-65 Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem ). The agency was closed in 2001. In 1946 the Directorate of Colonial Surveys (DCS) was established by the Colonial Office to provide a central survey and mapping organisation for British colonies and protectorates. In 1957, with

68-563: A shooting party organised by the Maharaja of Darbhanga which had a total bag of 1683, including 4 tigers, 47 buffaloes, 280 pigs and 467 deer. (The remainder was ″small game″.) There was some criticism at ″... such wholesale destruction, particularly as it happens to be the breeding season.″ He is still revered in Chennai (formerly Madras), India as "Lord Ripon engal appan" meaning: Lord Ripon, our father. The Corporation of Chennai's Ripon Building

102-672: A Bengal land tenancy bill (eventually the Bengal Tenancy Act 1885 ) that would improve the situation of the peasants. In 1882 he repealed the controversial Vernacular Press Act of 1878 passed by Lytton. He also promoted the Indian Famine Codes . He was also instrumental in supporting Dietrich Brandis to reorganize the Madras Forest Department and expand systematic forest conservancy in India. In 1883, Lord Ripon joined

136-421: A matter for armchair scholarly discourse, turning upon the credibility and background of a given scholar, but had now become a matter for clear-cut scientific rigor, which could only be based on facts obtained in empirical fashion, whether through the taking of exact measurements, photography, or excavations in the ground. The names of streets, buildings and points of interest were collected by Carl Sandreczki of

170-564: A seat in the Cabinet. He retained this office when Lord Russell became prime minister on Palmerston's death in 1865, and then served under Russell as Secretary of State for India between February and June 1866. In Gladstone 's first administration he was Lord President of the Council (1868–1873). During this period he acted as chairman of the joint commission for drawing up the Treaty of Washington with

204-410: Is quite clear is that a major change in the character of the exploration of ancient Jerusalem occurred in the 19th century, with a fascination for the past of the city, fanciful or otherwise, being replaced by that of a scientific concern for the tangible antiquities of the city. The Ordnance Survey conducted by Wilson in 1864 and 1865 marks this turning point. The ancient past of Jerusalem was no longer

238-543: The Edinburgh International Film Festival . To date, a small amount of material from the collection has been made available via the NCAP website, primarily relating to the 2014 documentary. Examples of photography from the collection are also displayed, showing the types of terrain and remote communities which were mapped for the first time by DOS. During its lifetime the agency provided mapping to almost all

272-530: The House of Commons as one of the two members for Hull in 1852. Both he and his party colleague James Clay were unseated in 1853 by petition over claims of widespread corruption in their election, of which they were exonerated of any knowledge. He was returned for Huddersfield later in 1853 and for the West Riding of Yorkshire in 1857. In 1859 he succeeded his father as second Earl of Ripon, taking his seat in

306-469: The House of Lords , and later that year succeeded his uncle in the more senior title of Earl de Grey, becoming known as the Earl de Grey and Ripon. He was Under-Secretary of State for War under Lord Palmerston between 1859 and 1861 and again from 1861 to 1863, and briefly Under-Secretary of State for India in 1861. In 1863 he was made a Privy Counsellor and Secretary of State for War under Palmerston, with

340-629: The Liberty of Ripon , and served as Mayor of Ripon in 1895–1896. Lord Ripon was a Freemason , who served as Provincial Grand Master of the West Riding and Deputy Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England from 1861 to 1869, and ultimately as Grand Master from 1870 until his conversion to Catholicism in 1874. His conversion to Catholicism was met by astonishment in the political world and accusations of disloyalty. Following his conversion he

374-853: The United States over the Alabama Claims . For this, in 1871 he was created Marquess of Ripon , in the County of York. He had already been made a Knight of the Order of the Garter in 1869. In 1878 he served as President of the first day of the Co-operative Congress . When Gladstone returned to power in 1880 he appointed Ripon Viceroy of India , an office he held until 1884. During his time in India, Ripon introduced legislation (the Ilbert Bill , named for

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408-679: The British Mandate's Survey of Palestine , which published a 1:2,500 map of the Old City of Jerusalem in 1936. The catalyst for the survey was an 1864 petition from Arthur Penrhyn Stanley (the Dean of Westminster ), representing a committee which included the Bishop of London Archibald Campbell Tait , to George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon (the Secretary of State for War ). Dean Stanley had accompanied

442-455: The British colonies and protectorates. In addition, some non-Commonwealth countries were mapped between 1975 and 1991 including Ethiopia , Liberia , Sudan and Yemen . Aerial photography and photogrammetry were used with photography missions being flown primarily by United Kingdom air survey companies. Agency surveyors were sent abroad to establish horizontal and vertical ground control for

476-586: The Church Mission Society and two assistants. Sandreczki's list, which included the names written in Arabic, is an invaluable resource as it contains many items that have otherwise been lost. George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon , KG , GCSI , CIE , VD , PC (24 October 1827 – 9 July 1909), styled Viscount Goderich from 1833 to 1859 and known as

510-527: The Earl of Buckinghamshire . He was educated privately, attending neither school nor college. He was awarded the honorary degree of DCL by the University of Oxford in 1870. Ripon served on his uncle Sir Henry Ellis ' British special mission to the Brussels Conference on the affairs of Italy in 1848–49. Although his father had been a Tory , Ripon was first a Whig and later a Liberal. He entered

544-429: The Earl of Ripon in 1859 and as the Earl de Grey and Ripon from 1859 to 1871, was a British politician and Viceroy and Governor General of India who served in every Liberal cabinet between 1861 and 1908. Ripon was born at 10 Downing Street , London , the second son of Prime Minister F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich (who was created Earl of Ripon in 1833), by his wife Lady Sarah (née Hobart) , daughter of

578-579: The Fund took place on 22 June 1865, less than a week after the completion of the Ordnance Survey, and Charles Wilson was appointed by the Fund as the Chief Director of their proposed exploration of the rest of Palestine. In July 1866 Dean Stanley described the Ordnance Survey as a "sort of pre-historic stage of our Palestine Exploration Fund". It was the most influential and reliable map of Jerusalem until

612-474: The Ordnance Survey and advisers from specialist bodies jointly appraised the collection to determine which records should be kept and by which custodians. The collection was dispersed during 2004. Since 2012, the archive has been held within the National Collection of Aerial Photography (NCAP), and includes some 1.7 million aerial photographs alongside cover traces, maps and annual reports. Having rescued

646-427: The Ordnance Survey, and with the sanction of George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon as Secretary of State for War . The team of six Royal Engineers began their work on 3 October 1864. The work was completed on 16 June 1865, and the report was published on 29 March 1866. During the resulting search, he produced "the first perfectly accurate map [of Jerusalem], even in the eyes of modern cartography", and identified

680-640: The Prince of Wales (later Edward VII) on his 1862 trip to Jerusalem; his request was for a survey to find new sources of water to improve the city's water supply. The cost of providing the Royal Engineers surveyors (Wilson and his team) was covered by the British Government's War Office . The introduction to the survey stated that the £500 cost of the survey was funded by the wealthy Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts , whose primary motivation

714-611: The agency was responsible for: Reference. Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem The Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem of 1864–65 was the first scientific mapping of Jerusalem , and the first Ordnance Survey to take place outside the United Kingdom. It was undertaken by Charles William Wilson , a 28-year-old officer in the Royal Engineers corps of the British Army , under the authority of Sir Henry James , as Superintendent of

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748-671: The auspices of the War Department and with the sanction of the Government” One of the survey's most significant aspects was that it was the first work to investigate the underground features of the Temple Mount (referred to in the survey as the Haram As-Sharif ), such as its cisterns, channels and aqueducts. Archaeologist Shimon Gibson summed up the legacy of the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem as follows (underline added): What

782-466: The collection from the defunct British Empire and Commonwealth Museum , NCAP are now cataloguing and digitising the collection. In 2014, a 16 minute Scottish Documentary Institute film entitled 'Sightlines' used photography from the collection to explore the legacy of 20th century aerial survey in Mwatate, Kenya . The film was created as part of Creative Scotland 's 'Culture 2014' programme, and premiered at

816-502: The eponymous Wilson's Arch . He was unable to find a new source of water. Over a century after the survey, Dan Bahat described it as "a watershed in the exploration of Jerusalem and its past", . The Jerusalem Post said that Wilson's efforts "served as the basis for all future Jerusalem research". The survey provided the foundation and impetus for the creation of the Palestine Exploration Fund . The first meeting of

850-695: The imminent decolonisation of many British territories, it was renamed the Directorate of Overseas Surveys (DOS). Government reviews during the 1970s led to it being merging into the Ordnance Survey (OS) in 1984 whence it was known as the Overseas Surveys Directorate (OSD). In 1991, following completion of the last significant aid-funded mapping projects, its name was changed one final time to Ordnance Survey International and its main activity became consultancy, primarily in Eastern Europe. It

884-475: The legal member of the Viceroy's Executive Council , Courtenay Ilbert ) that would have granted Indians more legal rights, including the right of Indian judges to judge Europeans in court. Though progressive in its intent, the legislation was scuppered by Europeans living in India who did not want to be tried by a native judge. In this Ripon was supported by Florence Nightingale , who also backed his efforts to obtain

918-671: The mid-nineteenth century, but his political views "shifted with the times". According to Smith, "he was greatly interested in labour questions, deeply sympathetic to labour aspirations and believed the state might interfere with wages and that the state had a duty to deal with unemployment". Lord Ripon was President of the Royal Geographical Society during 1859–1860, and Trustee of the National Gallery . Lord Ripon also held many positions in public life in Yorkshire. In 1860, he

952-404: The photography; this was permanently marked and co-ordinated so that the surveys could be the basis for future work. After a map was compiled from the photography, a plot (draft) was made for checking and annotation by the local survey department of the country concerned. The final map was drawn at agency headquarters and printed by the Ordnance Survey. In addition to its primary map making role

986-542: Was appointed honorary Colonel of the 1st Volunteer Battalion of the Prince of Wales' Own (West Yorkshire) Regiment, and was later awarded the Volunteer Decoration (VD); in 1863, he was High Steward of the borough of Hull , and from 1873 to 1906 he was Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire . He was a deputy lieutenant and JP for the counties of Lincolnshire and the West Riding of Yorkshire, JP for

1020-534: Was closed in 2001. The aerial photographs, maps and survey data were originally kept in separate libraries but were amalgamated in 1984 into a single collection called Technical Information and Support Services . In 1991 this was renamed the Ordnance Survey International Library . In 2002 it was decided that it was no longer needed and responsibility for its disposal was passed to The National Archives. During 2003 and 2004 The National Archives,

1054-1024: Was generous in supporting Catholic educational and charitable works. He was president of the Society of St Vincent de Paul from 1899 until his death and a great supporter of St. Joseph's Catholic Missionary Society and St Wilfrid's Church in Ripon. Lord Ripon was Chancellor of the University of Leeds from its creation in 1904 until his death in 1909. Lord Ripon married his cousin Henrietta Anne Theodosia Vyner, daughter of Henry Vyner and his wife Lady Mary Gertrude Robinson, daughter of Thomas Robinson, 2nd Earl de Grey , on 8 April 1851. They had one son and one daughter: Lady Ripon died in February 1907, aged 73. Lord Ripon survived her by two years and died of heart failure at Studley Royal Park in July 1909, aged 81. He

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1088-919: Was named after him. Lord Ripon also became a supporter of Home Rule for Ireland . In Gladstone's 1886 government he was First Lord of the Admiralty , and in the government of 1892 to 1895 he was Secretary of State for the Colonies . When the Liberals again returned to power in 1905 under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman , he took office, aged 78, as Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Lords . In 1908, he declined to remain as Lords leader when H. H. Asquith became Prime Minister in April, and he resigned as Lord Privy Seal in October. As noted by Neil Smith, Ripon's liberalism had roots in

1122-606: Was named for him, as well as the town of Riponpet in the Shivamogga district in the state of Karnataka . In Calcutta , Ripon Street was named for him. The Ghanta Ghar Multan or Clock Tower of Multan in Pakistan was named Ripon Building and the hall of the same building was named Ripon Hall. The Ripon Club in Mumbai (formerly Bombay) founded in 1884 by the Parsis for their community members,

1156-454: Was to find better drinking water for those living in the city. However, the issue of “water relief” to the city was subsequently sidelined; in the words of Moscrop “the issue just vanishes.” No improvements were made to the water supply until the end of the century. As Austen Henry Layard made clear at the first public meeting of the PEF on 22 June 1865, the Ordnance Survey had been conducted “under

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