58-500: (Redirected from Overseas Collectivity ) Type of French territorial collectivity, used for several overseas islands or archipelagos [REDACTED] This article includes a list of general references , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( August 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) This article
116-516: A coattail effect delivering a majority in the assembly election two months after the presidential election, and it was accordingly of little benefit to dissolve it. In 2024 , it was dissolved following the announcement of the results of the European Parliament election . Due to the separation of powers , the president of the Republic may not take part in parliamentary debates. They can address
174-523: A pays d'outre-mer . Legislature: Assembly of French Polynesia since 2004. Saint Barthélemy , an island in the Lesser Antilles . St. Barthelemy was separated from the overseas department of Guadeloupe in 2007. It has a territorial council and executive council, and with separation ceased to be part of the European Union . Saint Martin , the northern part of the island of Saint Martin in
232-499: A COM in 2003. Its statutory law of 27 February 2004 gives it the designation of overseas country inside the Republic ( French : pays d'outre-mer au sein de la République , or POM), but without legal modification of its status. French Polynesia has a great degree of autonomy, two symbolic manifestations of which are the title of the President of French Polynesia ( Le président de la Polynésie française ) and its additional designation as
290-648: A department should not exceed 20%, when conducting any redistribution. However, none were redrawn between 1982 and 2009. As a result of population movements, births and deaths inequalities between the less populous rural districts and the urban districts arose. The deputy for the most populous (within Val-d'Oise ), represented 188,000 voters, while that for the other extreme (for Lozère at-large), represented 34,000. That for Saint Pierre and Miquelon serves fewer than 6,000. Most were redrawn in 2009 (boundaries officially adopted in 2010, effective in 2012 ), but this redistribution
348-720: A deputy cannot receive a wage of more than €9,779.11. Deputies' expenses can be scrutinised by a commission; sanctions can be pronounced if expenses were undue. The position of deputy of the National Assembly is incompatible with that of any other elected legislative position (Senator or since 2000, Member of European Parliament ) or with some administrative functions (members of the Constitutional Council and senior officials such as prefects, magistrates, or officers who are ineligible for department where they are stationed). Deputies may not have more than one local mandate (in
406-572: A law can originate from the Government ( projet de loi ) or a member of Parliament ( proposition de loi ). Certain laws must come from the Government, including financial regulations. The law proposals may pass through the National Assembly and Senate in an indifferent order, except for financial laws which must go through the Assembly first, or territorial organisational laws or laws for French citizens living in foreign countries, which must first pass through
464-481: A member of the military corps on duty, as well as with the exercise of one of the following mandates: regional council executive, Corsican Assembly executive, departmental council executive or municipal council executive in a municipality of a least or more than 3,500 inhabitants. Prefects are also unable to be elected in France in every district they are exercising power or exercised power for less than three years before
522-434: A municipal, intercommunal, general, or regional council) in addition to their incumbent mandate. Since the 2017 legislative election, deputies cannot hold an executive position in any local government (municipality, department, region). However, they can hold a part-time councillor mandate. In July 2017, 58% of deputies held such a seat. Since 1958, the mandate is also incompatible with a ministerial function. Upon appointment to
580-425: A new majority which returned the National Assembly to the aforementioned two-round system. Of the 577 elected deputies, 539 represent metropolitan France , 27 represent the overseas departments and overseas collectivities ; 11 represent French residents overseas . The agenda of the National Assembly is mostly decided by the Government, although the Assembly can also enforce its own agenda. Indeed, article 48 of
638-413: A seat at the National Assembly is set at 18 years old. The candidate must also have fulfilled his National Civic Day, a special day created to replace the military service. Finally, a candidate under guardianship and curatorship cannot be elected to the assembly. Furthermore, a person cannot be elected if they were declared ineligible following fraudulent funding of a previous electoral campaign. Indeed,
SECTION 10
#1732869641877696-409: A single-member constituency (at least one per department ) through a two-round system ; thus, 289 seats are required for a majority. The president of the National Assembly , currently Yaël Braun-Pivet , presides over the body. The officeholder is usually a member of the largest party represented, assisted by vice presidents from across the represented political spectrum. The National Assembly's term
754-461: A way to resolve stalemates where the Assembly cannot decide on a clear political direction. This possibility is seldom exercised. In 1997, President Jacques Chirac dissolved the National Assembly due to the lack of popularity of Prime Minister Alain Juppé . However, the plan backfired, as the newly elected majority was opposed to Chirac. The National Assembly can dismiss the executive government (that is,
812-404: Is five years; however, the president of France may dissolve the assembly, thereby calling for early elections, unless it has been dissolved in the preceding twelve months. This measure has become rarer since the 2000 French constitutional referendum reduced the presidential term from seven to five years; in the four elections between 2002 and 2017 , the president of the Republic has always had
870-502: Is guarded by Republican Guards . The Constitution of France in the Fifth Republic greatly increased the power of the executive at the expense of Parliament, compared to previous constitutions ( Third and Fourth Republics), following the May 1958 crisis . The president of the Republic can decide to dissolve the National Assembly and call for new legislative elections. This is meant as
928-406: Is likely to be rarer now that terms of the president and Assembly are the same length (5 years since the 2000 referendum ) and are elected in the same year. While motions de censure are periodically proposed by the opposition following government actions that it deems highly inappropriate, they are purely rhetorical; party discipline ensures that, throughout a parliamentary term, the Government
986-537: Is never dismissed by the Assembly, at least when the governing party/coalition holds a working majority in the Chamber (which was no longer the case following the 2022 election ). Since the beginning of the Fifth Republic , there has only been one single successful motion de censure , in 1962 in hostility to the referendum on the method of election of the President of the Republic; President Charles de Gaulle dissolved
1044-1076: Is part of a series on the Administrative divisions of France [REDACTED] Administrative divisions Regions Departments Arrondissements Cantons Intercommunality Métropole Communauté urbaine Communauté d'agglomération Communauté de communes Communes Associated communes Municipal arrondissements Overseas France Overseas departments and regions Overseas collectivities Overseas country ( French Polynesia ) Sui generis collectivity ( New Caledonia ) Overseas territory ( French Southern and Antarctic Lands ) Clipperton Island Geocodes of France ISO NUTS [REDACTED] France portal v t e The French overseas collectivities ( French : collectivité d'outre-mer abbreviated as COM ) are first-order administrative divisions of France , like
1102-536: Is shared across some or all levels of government (e.g. transport, parks, tourism, culture, and sport get different types of support from different levels). Historically, France was divided into a complex mosaic of more or less independent entities. Their gradual incorporation into France as provinces may be followed in the article Territorial formation of France . French National Assembly Opposition (364) Vacant (2) The National Assembly ( French : Assemblée nationale , [asɑ̃ble nɑsjɔnal] )
1160-543: Is the lower house of the bicameral French Parliament under the Fifth Republic , the upper house being the Senate ( Sénat ). The National Assembly's legislators are known as députés ( [depyte] ), meaning "delegate" or "envoy" in English; etymologically , it is a cognate of the English word deputy , the standard term for legislators in many parliamentary systems. There are 577 députés , each elected by
1218-537: Is unique in the French Republic: it is the only French local government that is not a territorial collectivity (although its subdivisions are territorial collectivities). It is regarded as a sui generis collectivity , which means that local government and parliament have the power to pass and enforce specific laws without seeking the consent of the French Government; unless such laws are declared illegitimate by
SECTION 20
#17328696418771276-616: The Congress of the French Parliament , which meets at the Palace of Versailles , or have the address read by the presidents of both chambers of Parliament, with no subsequent debate. Following a tradition started by the first National Assembly during the French Revolution , the left-wing parties sit to the left as seen from the president's seat and the right-wing parties to the right;
1334-535: The French Southern and Antarctic Lands , which have no permanent population and no communes. French subdivisions that have a (limited) freedom of administration are called territorial collectivities . Among them are regions, departments, communes, overseas collectivities, provinces (only present in New Caledonia), and the territorial collectivity of Corsica which belongs to no category (but is usually grouped with
1392-515: The French regions , but have a semi-autonomous status. The COMs include some former French overseas colonies and other French overseas entities with a particular status, all of which became COMs by constitutional reform on 28 March 2003. The COMs differ from overseas regions and overseas departments , which have the same status as metropolitan France but are located outside Europe. As integral parts of France , overseas collectivities are represented in
1450-597: The Lesser Antilles . St. Martin was separated from the overseas department of Guadeloupe in 2007. It has a territorial council and executive council, and with separation remained a part of the European Union. Saint Pierre and Miquelon , a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Newfoundland , Canada . It has a territorial council . It is the last remaining part of New France to be under French rule. Wallis and Futuna , three small islands in
1508-659: The National Assembly , Senate and Economic and Social Council . Though some are outside the European Union , all can vote to elect members of the European Parliament (MEPs). (All of France became one multi-member EU constituency in 2019.) The Pacific COMs use the CFP franc , a currency pegged to the euro, whereas the Atlantic COMs use the euro itself. As of 31 March 2011, there were six COMs: French Polynesia became
1566-521: The Pacific Ocean has a high administrator and territorial assembly. Former COMs and overseas territories [ edit ] Mayotte was a COM from 1976 until 31 March 2011, when it became an overseas department . New Caledonia was classified as an overseas territory beginning in 1946, but as a result of the 1998 Nouméa Accord , it gained a special status ( statut particulier or statut original ) in 1999. A New Caledonian citizenship
1624-615: The President of France . The French Republic is divided into 18 regions: 12 in mainland France and 6 elsewhere (1 in Europe : Corsica ; 2 in the Caribbean (the Lesser Antilles ): Guadeloupe and Martinique ; 1 in South America : French Guiana ; and 2 in the Indian Ocean near East Africa : Mayotte and Réunion ). They are traditionally divided between the metropolitan regions, located on
1682-469: The Assembly to pronounce itself in one vote only with the amendments proposed or accepted by the Government itself. Projects of propositions of laws will be examined succinctly by the two chambers of Parliament (National Assembly and Senate) until the text is identical. After two lectures by the two chambers (or just one if the Government chooses to engage an acceleration of the text adoption, which can happen only in certain conditions) and without any accord,
1740-446: The Assembly within a few days. The Government (the prime minister and the minister in charge of relations with Parliament) used to set the priorities of the agenda for the Assembly's sessions, except for a single day each month. In practice, given the number of priority items, it meant that the schedule of the assembly was almost entirely set by the executive; bills generally only have a chance to be examined if proposed or supported by
1798-477: The Constitution guarantees at least a monthly session decided by the Assembly. A law proposal is a document divided into three distinct parts: a title, an exposé des motifs and a dispositif . The exposé des motifs describes the arguments in favour of a modification of a given law or new measurements that are proposed. The dispositif is the normative part, which is developed within articles. A proposal for
Overseas collectivity - Misplaced Pages Continue
1856-727: The Constitutional Council in a specific proceeding brought to the Constitutional Council. As agreed in the 1998 Nouméa Accord , a New Caledonian citizenship was established (in addition to the French citizenship which is kept in parallel, along with the consequent European citizenship) and a self-determination referendum was held in 2018 . Two follow-up referendums were held in 2020 and 2021 . These territories have no permanent civilian population. The residents consist of military personnel, scientific researchers, and support staff. 1 overseas territory ( territoire d'outre-mer , or TOM):
1914-1581: The European Union References [ edit ] ^ Benoît Hopquin (31 March 2011). "Mayotte accède à son statut de département dans la confusion" . Le Monde . Retrieved 31 March 2011 . External links [ edit ] COM – Overseas communities at the far ends of the world – Official French website (in English) Official website (in French) Past and current developments of France's overseas administrative divisions like collectivités d'outre-mer (in French) v t e Overseas France Inhabited territories Overseas regions French Guiana Guadeloupe Martinique Mayotte Réunion Overseas collectivities French Polynesia Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna Sui generis collectivity New Caledonia Uninhabited territories North Pacific Ocean Clipperton Island Overseas territory ( French Southern and Antarctic Lands ) Adélie Land Crozet Islands French domains of Saint Helena French domains of
1972-543: The European continent, and the overseas regions, located outside the European continent. Both have the same status and form the most integrated part of the French Republic. As of 1 January 2022 , metropolitan France is divided into the following: Furthermore, as of January 2009 , there exist 2,585 intercommunal structures grouping 34,077 communes (93.2% of all the communes of metropolitan France), with 87.4% of
2030-627: The French legislature at the time was called the Chamber of Deputies . Under the Second French Empire , the term National Assembly was not in use for any French government organ. The lower house of the French legislature at the time was called the Corps législatif . Initially, the National Assembly of the French Third Republic was a unicameral constituent assembly . Following the enactment of
2088-511: The Government but which is not the largest group) or "opposition" group (having officially declared it did not support the Government). Legislators of the assembly can ask written or oral questions to ministers. The Wednesday afternoon 3 p.m. session of "questions to the government" is broadcast live on television. Like Prime Minister's Questions in the United Kingdom, it is largely a show for
2146-415: The Government, the elected deputy has one month to choose between the mandate and the office. If they choose the second option, then they are replaced by their substitute . Since a change validated by the National Assembly in 2008, deputies can return to their seat in the assembly one month after the end of their cabinet position. Previously, a special election had to be held. To be eligible to be elected to
2204-1260: The Holy Land Kerguelen Islands Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean Bassas da India Europa Island Glorioso Islands Banc du Geyser Juan de Nova Island Tromelin Island Also known as overseas departments Claimed by the Comoros Claimed by Madagascar Claimed by Mauritius Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Overseas_collectivity&oldid=1252872474 " Category : Overseas collectivities of France Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles lacking in-text citations from August 2021 All articles lacking in-text citations Articles containing French-language text Articles with French-language sources (fr) Administrative divisions of France The administrative divisions of France are concerned with
2262-415: The National Assembly, one must be at least 18 years old, of French citizenship, as well as not subject to a sentence of deprivation of civil rights or to personal bankruptcy . Eligibility conditions 1. Eligibility due to personal requirements The essential conditions to run for elections are the following. First, a candidate must have French citizenship. Secondly, the minimum age required to run for
2320-502: The Prime Minister or the two presidents of the chambers, conjointly with first, can convoke a special commission composed by an equal number of members of Assembly and Senators to reach a compromise and propose a new text. The new proposition has to be approved by the Government before being re-proposed to the two chambers. No new amendments can be added except on the Government's approval. If the new proposal of law fails to be approved by
2378-527: The Senate. For an ordinary proposition of law, texts must be first reviewed by a permanent parliamentary commission, or a special commission designated for this purpose. During the discussion in the commission, or in plenary sessions in the assembly, the Government and Parliament can add, modify or delete articles of the proposal. The text is thus amended. Amendments proposed by a parliamentarian cannot mobilise further public funding. The Government has to right to ask
Overseas collectivity - Misplaced Pages Continue
2436-457: The candidate's place if during tenure incapacitated or barred – if the deputy becomes a government member, most notably. The organic law of 10 July 1985 established a system of party-list proportional representation within the framework of the département . It was necessary within this framework to obtain at least 5% of the vote to elect an official. However, the legislative election of 1986 , carried out under this system, gave France
2494-489: The date of the election. Since 31 March 2017, being elected deputy is incompatible with most executive local mandates such as mayors, president of a regional council or member of the departmental council. In 1795, 1797 & 1798, only part of the legislature was elected. Under the Bourbon Restoration and July Monarchy , the term National Assembly was not in use for any French government organ. The lower house of
2552-403: The executive. This, however, was amended on 23 July 2008. Under the amended Constitution, the Government sets the priorities for two weeks in a month. Another week is designated for the Assembly's "control" prerogatives (consisting mainly of oral questions addressed to the Government). The fourth one is also set by the Assembly. Furthermore, one day per month is set by a "minority" (group supporting
2610-408: The first round, those who account for in excess of 12.5% ( 1 ⁄ 8 ) of the registered voters are entered in the second round of voting. If no three or more meet such conditions, the two highest-placing candidates automatically advance to the second round of voting – at which, the candidate who receives the most votes is elected. Each candidate is enrolled along with a substitute , who takes
2668-476: The institutional and territorial organization of French territory. These territories are located in many parts of the world. There are many administrative divisions, which may have political ( local government ), electoral (districts), or administrative (decentralized services of the state) objectives. All the inhabited territories are represented in the National Assembly , Senate and Economic and Social Council and their citizens have French citizenship and elect
2726-399: The office, as well as a total of €8,949 per month to pay up to five employees. They also have an office in the assembly, various perquisites in terms of transport and communications, social security , a pension fund and unemployment insurance . Under article 26 of the Constitution, deputies, like Senators, are protected by parliamentary immunity. In the case of an accumulation of mandates,
2784-459: The population of metropolitan France living in them. These intercommunal structures are: Five overseas regions ( régions d'outre-mer , or ROM), which have the same status as metropolitan regions. The overseas regions are as follows: The French Republic includes five overseas collectivities ( collectivités d'outre-mer , or COM) with a semi-autonomous status: The French Republic includes one autonomous collectivity : New Caledonia's status
2842-476: The prime minister and other ministers) by a motion of no confidence ( motion de censure ). For this reason, prime ministers and their government are necessarily from the dominant party or coalition in the assembly. In the case of a president of the Republic and National Assembly from opposing parties, this leads to the situation known as cohabitation ; this situation, which has occurred three times (twice under François Mitterrand , once under Jacques Chirac ),
2900-441: The regions). New Caledonia is unique as it is not a territorial collectivity. Citizens from all parts of France, including the overseas administrative divisions, vote in national elections ( presidential , legislative ), and all of the collectivities are represented in the Senate . Some areas are the clear responsibility of one level of government (e.g. the state is responsible for international issues), but in other areas it
2958-747: The seating arrangement thus directly indicates the left–right political spectrum as represented in the assembly. The official seat of the National Assembly is the Palais Bourbon on the Rive Gauche of the Seine in the 7th arrondissement of Paris . The Assembly also uses other neighbouring buildings, including the Immeuble Chaban-Delmas on the Rue de l'Université, Paris . Like most institutions of importance in Paris, it
SECTION 50
#17328696418773016-399: The two chambers' proposal, can submit every law proposal as a referendum if it concerns the organisation of public powers, reforms on the economy, social and environmental measures, or every proposition that would have an impact on the functioning of the institutions. A referendum on the previous conditions can also be initiated by a fifth of the membership of Parliament, supported by a tenth of
3074-402: The two chambers, the Government can, after a new lecture by the National Assembly and the Senate, ask the National Assembly to rule a final judgement. In that case, the National Assembly can either take back the text elaborated by the special commission or the last one that they voted for – possibly modified by several amendments by the Senate. The president of the Republic, on the Government or
3132-425: The viewers, with members of the majority asking flattering questions, while the opposition tries to embarrass the government. Since 1988, the 577 deputies are elected by direct universal suffrage with a two-round system by constituency , for a five-year mandate, subject to dissolution. The constituencies each have about 100,000 inhabitants. The electoral law of 1986 specifies their variance of population within
3190-425: The voter could be considered as highly influenced and their decision making could be impacted. The sincerity of the results could thus not be regarded as viable and legitimate. 2. Eligibility due to positions that a person may occupy The deputy mandate cannot be cumulated with a mandate of Senator, MEP, member of the Government or of the Constitutional Council. The deputy mandate is also incompatible with being
3248-512: The voters inscribed on the electoral lists. Finally, the laws are promulgated by the president of the Republic's signature. The officeholder may call for a new legislative deliberation of the law or one of its articles in front of the National Assembly, which cannot be denied. Assembly legislators receive a salary of €7,043.69 per month. There is also the "compensation representing official expenses" ( indemnité représentative de frais de mandat , IRFM) of €5,867.39 per month to pay costs related to
3306-408: Was controversial, such as the creation of eleven constituencies for French residents overseas without increasing the number of seats. The electoral map is drawn by an independent commission. To be elected in the first round of voting, a candidate must obtain at least 50% of the votes cast, with a turnout of at least 25% of the registered voters on the electoral rolls. If no candidate is elected in
3364-1185: Was established, and a gradual transfer of power from the French state to New Caledonia itself was begun, to last from fifteen to twenty years. Table of overseas collectivities and sui generis collectivity [ edit ] Overseas collectivity Capital [REDACTED] French Polynesia Papeete [REDACTED] Saint Barthélemy Gustavia [REDACTED] Saint Martin Marigot [REDACTED] Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint-Pierre [REDACTED] Wallis and Futuna Mata Utu Sui generis collectivity Capital [REDACTED] French Southern and Antarctic Lands Saint-Pierre [REDACTED] New Caledonia Nouméa See also [ edit ] 2009 Mahoran status referendum Administrative divisions of France Overseas country of France (Outre-mer) Overseas departments and regions of France Overseas France Overseas Territories of France (European Parliament constituency) Overseas territory Special member state territories and
#876123