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150-670: Euphoria is an American teen drama television series created and principally written by Sam Levinson for HBO . It is based on the Israeli miniseries of the same name created by Ron Leshem and Daphna Levin. The series stars an ensemble cast of Zendaya , Maude Apatow , Angus Cloud , Eric Dane , Alexa Demie , Jacob Elordi , Barbie Ferreira , Nika King , Storm Reid , Hunter Schafer , Algee Smith , Sydney Sweeney , Colman Domingo , Javon "Wanna" Walton , Austin Abrams and Dominic Fike in main roles. The series follows Rue Bennett (Zendaya),

300-433: A camgirl . Jules starts messaging on the dating app with Nate, who catfishes her by adopting the name "Tyler" and the username "shyguy118". McKay spends time with Cassie and accuses her of being too sexual. Mouse, Fezco's intimidating supplier, coerces Rue into trying fentanyl . A young Katherine Hernandez abruptly gains weight on a family vacation. Her middle-school boyfriend, Daniel, breaks up with her. She retreats into

450-546: A " dick pic ", and she steals pills from Jules's kitchen. Maddy is shocked to find pictures of penises on Nate's phone. Rue and Jules argue after Jules reveals her plans to meet "Tyler" alone at night. Shortly thereafter, Rue goes to Jules's house to apologize and ends up kissing her. Panicked at the thought of alienating Jules, Rue visits Fez to get drugs, but, afraid for her well-being, he refuses to sell her any and locks her out of his house. Upset, Rue blames Fez for her addiction. She calls Ali for help. An 11-year-old Jules Vaughn

600-442: A "limiting factor in sexual encounters." Gay men do not have to question the sexual desires of other men like they would if a woman was involved in the scenario. Additionally, society's early negative perspectives on homosexuality along with a lack of "regulation" in gay relationships may explain the higher rate of casual sex encounters among gay men. Certain perceptions of gay men like prejudice and homophobia adversely affected

750-739: A Drama Series for his performance as Ali. Euphoria follows high schoolers in the fictional town of East Highland, California, who seek hope while balancing the strains of love, loss, sex, and addiction. Topics such as child abuse , drug abuse , toxic relationships , toxic positivity , hookup culture , revenge porn , blackmail , codependency , abortion , infidelity , relapsing , gender transition , repressed homosexuality , sobriety , human trafficking , domestic violence , rape , self-harm , toxic masculinity , drug dealing , dating violence , mental illness , mental health , anger issues , temper tantrum , hallucination , theft , attempted murder , alcoholism and grief are explored during

900-409: A Halloween party with McKay, where he is violently hazed and dry humped by his fraternity brothers. He then has aggressive sex with Cassie, which leaves her in tears. The next night, Daniel hosts a party. Rue worries about Jules, who is drinking heavily and expresses uncertainty about her relationship. Rue apologizes to Fez for lashing out at him. Kat hooks up with Ethan but ditches him when he visits

1050-462: A better understanding of the film. According to the taxonomy, combining the type with the genre does not create a separate genre. For instance, the "Horror Drama" is simply a dramatic horror film (as opposed to a comedic horror film). "Horror Drama" is not a genre separate from the horror genre or the drama type. Crime dramas explore themes of truth, justice, and freedom, and contain the fundamental dichotomy of "criminal vs. lawman". Crime films make

1200-448: A birthday party for Maddy, where Cassie gets exceedingly drunk and later vomits in the hot tub as Maddy is yelling at Nate for always smooth-talking her back into a relationship. Rue, Jules and Elliot rob a convenience store for White Claw . Jules questions Rue for drinking, angering Rue and compelling her to go back home. She pops four pills and hallucinates her father in a church, also seeing Labrinth singing. Cal gets drunk and drives to

1350-423: A broader range of moods . To these ends, a primary element in a drama is the occurrence of conflict —emotional, social, or otherwise—and its resolution in the course of the storyline. All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense, drama

1500-449: A classmate, Kat's childhood sweetheart Daniel. Jules recognizes Cal as her hookup. Kat hangs out with a classmate, Ethan (who has a crush on her), but becomes jealous when she incorrectly assumes he is flirting with another girl and ends up having sex with an older boy. Rue looks for her sister, Gia, and finds her high on marijuana. Cal confronts Jules, begging her not to reveal their secret; she assures him that she will not tell anyone. After

1650-461: A click away from cyberanalysis of how that individual displays themselves physically, sexually, psychologically, emotionally, and mentally on the internet. Bogle states that the knowing of others' personal lives is not just a purpose to gossip, but a way to observe, analyze, and be impacted by other's sexual actions, solely for the purpose of their own actions. A peer culture is one in which norms surface because individuals begin to conduct themselves in

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1800-425: A conversation about just life and her life and my life and various struggles that, you know, we've been through and things and she said, 'Great, you know, well go and write that' and I said 'What?' and she goes 'Everything we just talked about'". Levinson has also cited teenage anxiety as a whole as an influence for the series: "There is this consistent anxiety that I think exists in this generation that I think informed

1950-602: A form of casual sex , has been described by evolutionary biologist Justin Garcia and others as a "cultural revolution" that had its beginnings in the 1920s. Historians D'Emilio and Freedman put the beginning of casual sex, including college hookups, further back in history, to the early 1800s, and explain the phenomenon as shaped by historical and cultural forces. Lisa Wade, a sociologist, documents that 19th-century white fraternity men often had what would be called hookup sex with prostitutes , poor women, and enslaved women ( however,

2100-447: A harder social stigma , because their social status decreases with increased sexual partners, but men's social status increases with more sexual partners . There is also a difference between men and women when it comes to the reason to partake in casual sex. Men hook up to increase sexual experiences and to gain their manhood, but women tend to hook up with the hopes of it becoming a long-term relationship and to satisfy their partner. In

2250-423: A high-capacity location on campus or could be as extreme as two individuals walking into a bedroom together at a party. The peer culture has evolved and escalated with access to rapid communication such as texting on cell phones and multiple social media applications. Most of those social media applications are identity profiles, public thought disposals, and virtual photo albums of oneself in which others' are just

2400-489: A higher number of casual sex partners and will engage in more casual sex as opposed to women. It also seems that hooking up has replaced much of the dating scene on many U.S. college campuses, though men and women's definition of hookups varied. Studies show that most students (most recent data suggest between 60% and 80%) do have some sort of casual sex experience. Of those students who have hooked up, between 30% and 50% report that their hookups included sexual intercourse. In

2550-480: A hookup; his response was that most females generally did not lean towards a "one and done" thing. Sociologist Wade discusses several scholars who disagree that contemporary college students desire long-term monogamous relationships. She cites Elizabeth Armstrong and Laura Hamilton, Hanna Rosin, and Kate Taylor who posit that hookup culture is good for women as it frees them to focus on their studies and on their professional development for careers instead of seeking

2700-527: A house, getting cash and jewelry to start paying back Laurie for the drugs. Reeling from withdrawal, Rue narrowly outruns and hides from the police, and reaches Laurie's apartment. Laurie mothers Rue, giving her a bath and pharmaceutical morphine for the pain, but implies she will force Rue to prostitute herself to pay her debts. Rue wakes up early the next morning, sneaks out of the apartment, and returns home. Two weeks after returning home, Rue makes progress in recovering from withdrawal, reconciling with Ali in

2850-497: A large house party . After encountering each other at a convenience store, Nate and Cassie impulsively have sex in a bathroom at the party and are nearly caught by Maddy. Rue takes a spate of drugs with a student named Elliot and nearly overdoses. She reunites with Jules and admits to relapsing the night Jules left her at the train station. The two later confess their feelings for one another and kiss. Fez flatters Lexi and gets her number, then confronts Nate, whom he viciously beats until

3000-646: A large musical number at the end of the season finale. Labrinth makes an appearance in the series alongside Zendaya to perform their song "I'm Tired". When you look back to your teenage days, it feels semi-magical but semi-crazy and semi-psychotic. I wanted to make sure the music felt like those things. — Labrinth to Rolling Stone The series also makes extensive use of popular music, including hip hop , trap , R&B , experimental , indie rock , standards and doo-wop , with some episodes featuring over 20 songs. For their work on Euphoria ' s first season, music supervisors Jen Malone (who also supervises

3150-515: A late 2023 release, but according to a Vogue interview with Apatow, filming was set to start in the second half of 2023. On a podcast, series costume designer Heidi Bivens said that preparations would begin in May 2023, with filming starting in June 2023. The third season production was disrupted by the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike , with Jeremy O. Harris calling out to David Zaslav , saying, "He's not

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3300-580: A live performance, it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio . The Screenwriters Taxonomy contends that film genres are fundamentally based upon a film's atmosphere, character and story, and therefore the labels "drama" and "comedy" are too broad to be considered a genre. Instead, the taxonomy contends that film dramas are a "Type" of film; listing at least ten different sub-types of film and television drama. Docudramas are dramatized adaptations of real-life events. While not always completely accurate,

3450-413: A long-term partner or marriage. Freitas believes the lessons imparted by hookup culture have "set back" students who often have little experience dating, and few skills in asking a romantic partner out as a result. There has been such a decline in dating culture on college campuses that most students have had more hookups than first dates. On some campuses, dating is so rare that many students do not have

3600-452: A lower incidence of dating among youth, but as people get a bit older they outgrow their desire for hookups and settle into traditional dating. Oftentimes, men and women seem to not be on the "same page." According to Bogle, many males believed that females often invested themselves or had an ulterior motive for pursuing a hookup like situation. For instance, when a male student was asked if he felt that women looked for different components in

3750-506: A main focus for individuals to formulate this aspect of their identity . Once in college, for most students, the parental aspect is diminished, which leaves them feeling a high degree of freedom to truly explore and expand their whole personal identity , strongly including sexual identity in this "sexual arena." According to Bogle, the campuses her studies were done at had a common trend of college students being strongly interested in every other student's private life. That awareness of all

3900-685: A more central component of the story, along with serious content.  Examples include Three Colours: White (1994), The Truman Show (1998), The Man Without a Past (2002), The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2011), and Silver Linings Playbook (2012). Coined by film professor Ken Dancyger , these stories exaggerate characters and situations to the point of becoming fable, legend or fairy tale.  Examples: Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009) and Maleficent (2014). Light dramas are light-hearted stories that are, nevertheless, serious in nature.  Examples: The Help (2011) and The Terminal (2004). Psychological dramas are dramas that focus on

4050-425: A need to "fit in" with other males to be successful. Men claim to hook up more because of peer expectations, rather than to meet their own desires. Men also say they cannot express disapproval for hookup culture the same way that women can without facing criticism from their peers. To summarize, women face several risks by participating in hook-up culture, but Freitas says "men risk gaining a reputation by not being

4200-615: A one-time affair 75% of the time. Over all, 25% of those who had a sexual experience with a dating partner have also hooked up with someone they were not dating. Additionally, 40% of those who had hooked up with someone they were not dating had also hooked up with a dating partner in the previous 12 months. Studies have shown that most high school girls are more interested in a relationship than high school boys, who are interested mostly in sex. Young women tend to be honest about their sexual encounters and experiences, and young men tend to lie more often about theirs. Another study shows that once

4350-553: A part of it." However, both men and women let societal pressure influence their sexual behavior on college campuses. Pluralistic ignorance leads people to behave in alignment with beliefs that they attribute to their group although they are usually false, regardless of the individual's beliefs. Research done on a college campus found that men and women overestimate their same-gendered peers' comfort towards hookups and act in accordance with their perception of how their peers feel, rather than their own comfort level. Pluralistic ignorance

4500-668: A person has sex for their first time, it becomes less of an issue to future relationships or hookups. The study showed that girls in high school do not care as much as boys do about having sex in a relationship. On the contrary, girls will have sex with their partner to match them. For some adolescents, sex and relationships have been decoupled. Some worry that if society disconnects intimate sexual behavior and emotional connection, teens who hookup will have trouble forming stable intimate relationships later in life. Journalist Sabrina Weill asserts that "casual teen attitudes toward sex—particularly oral sex—reflect their confusion about what

4650-633: A person's life and raises their level of importance. The "small things in life" feel as important to the protagonist (and the audience) as the climactic battle in an action film, or the final shootout in a western.  Often, the protagonists deal with multiple, overlapping issues in the course of the film – just as we do in life.  Films of this type/genre combination include: The Wrestler (2008), Fruitvale Station (2013), and Locke (2013). Romantic dramas are films with central themes that reinforce our beliefs about love (e.g.: themes such as "love at first sight", "love conquers all", or "there

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4800-712: A person's mental health as well, including feelings of anxiety or discomfort. One study suggests that nearly 35% of surveyed students described feeling regretful or disappointed after a hookup. Experts have used qualitative analyses to gauge both the type and the level of regret that a student might have after uncommitted sex. Many reported having feelings of embarrassment, emotional issues, and an overall lack of respect from their peers. Garcia's review has found that hookups can result in emotional and psychological injury , sexual violence , sexually transmitted infections , and/or unintended pregnancy . Most students report with not concerning themselves with or being concerned about

4950-478: A play to stage at school. Cal visits Fez, thinking he has the video of Jules, but Ashtray beats him into admitting his indiscretions. Fez lets him go on the condition that he stops hunting him and keeps Nate away from Rue and Jules. Nate cancels plans with Cassie to rekindle his relationship with Maddy. While by themselves one night, Jules and Elliot kiss. Cassie and Nate's relationship becomes strained after he admits to having resumed talking to Maddy. The Howards host

5100-494: A public place such as a park, bookstore, or restroom. Other venues such as public cruising areas , Internet cruising networks, and bathhouses are popular for gay men, but not for lesbians or heterosexuals. The trend toward marrying later may be what is fueling the hookup scene on college campuses. At colleges, hookups are common between students at parties, in dormitories and fraternity houses, at surrounding bars and clubs, and at popular student vacation destinations. For example,

5250-411: A result, Garcia and other scholars argue that young adults are able to reproduce physiologically but are not psychologically or socially ready to 'settle down' and begin a family. These developmental shifts, Garcia's systematic review of the literature suggests, is one of the factors driving the increase in hookups, a "popular cultural change that has infiltrated the lives of emerging adults throughout

5400-488: A scab. David Zaslav, make a deal. That's what I'll say about Season 3 of 'Euphoria.' Make a deal, David. It's easy. Just come to that table." In May 2023, HBO confirmed the season would premiere by 2025. The production for season three started in December 2023. On March 12, 2024, Sydney Sweeney revealed in an MTV interview with Josh Horowitz that filming for the third season was due to "start soon". However on March 25, 2024, it

5550-457: A specific approach to drama but, rather, consider drama as a lack of comedic techniques.  Examples: Ghost World (2001) and Wuthering Heights (2011). According to the Screenwriters' Taxonomy, all film descriptions should contain their type (comedy or drama) combined with one (or more) of the eleven super-genres. This combination does not create a separate genre, but rather, provides

5700-735: A study conducted by Danielle M. Currier, she explores how the phrase "hooking up" conveys different meanings depending on whether a man or woman uses it when describing their sexual encounters; furthermore, Currier notes that men use "hooking up" to emphasize their masculinity and heterosexuality , but women use the phrase to preserve their femininity by being strategically ambiguous to downplay their sexual desires . Both men and women participate in hookups, but Bogle notes that males and females often choose casual sex for different reasons. Researchers suggest men and women have distinct sexual scripts, ways in which cultural influences can affect an individual's sexual behaviors. Furthermore, society judges

5850-440: A study of Canadian college students who planned to hookup while on spring break showed that 61% of men and 34% of women had sex within a day of meeting their partner. Another study was based on a survey of over 18,000 college students from ages 18–25. This survey asked questions like how many sexual partners they have had since graduating high school, how many sexual partners per year, and how many times per week they have sex. It

6000-540: A toxic relationship with Nate, culminating in his attack on her at the carnival. In the present day, Rue tells her mother that she is dating Jules. Maddy tries to hide the injuries on her neck, but they are discovered after she passes out at school and a police investigation begins; Maddy's mother presses charges against Nate. Jules gets frustrated when Rue dismisses her situation with Cal. Ali does not believe that Rue's and Jules's relationship will last, scaring Rue. Cassie reconciles with McKay, who apologizes for his behavior at

6150-542: A traditional romantic relationship at their current stage in life to casual sex. Additionally, 95% of women and 77% of men say they prefer dating to hooking up. "Without exception," sex counselor Ian Kerner says, "[students] discuss a long-term monogamous relationship as their desired end goal." While more than half of students of both genders say they would like a hookup to develop into a romantic relationship, only 6.5% (4.4% of men and 8.2% of women) expect that one will. 51% of women, and 42% of men, have tried discussing

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6300-414: A troubled teenage drug addict who struggles to get sober, find her place in the world, and adjust to her relationships after rehab. Though Rue is the central focus of the show, the beginning of most episodes provides backstories for the rest of the main characters. Euphoria ' s executive producers include Levinson, Canadian rapper and singer Drake , Zendaya, Ron Leshem, and Gary Lennon . The series

6450-409: A variety of reasons, which may range from instant physical gratification , to fulfillment of emotional needs, to using it as a means of finding a long-term romantic partner. Reaction by media to hookup culture has been often considered moral panic . The introduction of cell phones, mobile hookup apps and websites have modernized hookup culture, especially among gay men . The rise of hookups,

6600-433: A violent meltdown at her mother and sister, as well as Jules and Elliot, who are there for the intervention. On the car ride to rehab, she runs away and goes to Lexi's house; her mother and friends are there for the intervention. Rue reveals Cassie's and Nate's relationship, causing chaos and allowing her to get away. She goes to Fez's place, but he throws her out when she tries stealing his grandmother's medication. She burgles

6750-426: Is normal behavior " and adds that they are facing an intimacy crisis that could haunt them in future relationships. "When teenagers fool around before they're ready or have a very casual attitude toward sex, they proceed toward adulthood with a lack of understanding about intimacy." Historical research documents that white male college students have a long history of engaging in hookup sex. Journals and letters from

6900-412: Is a mode distinct from novels, short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era, before the birth of cinema or television, "drama" within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries, along with film studies , adopted. " Radio drama " has been used in both senses—originally transmitted in

7050-526: Is a final fight to the death; the idea of the protagonists facing death is a central expectation in a war drama film. In a war film even though the enemy may out-number, or out-power, the hero, we assume that the enemy can be defeated if only the hero can figure out how.   Examples include: Apocalypse Now (1979), Come and See (1985), Braveheart (1995), Life Is Beautiful (1997), Black Book (2006), The Hurt Locker (2008), 1944 (2015), Wildeye (2015), and 1917 (2019). Films in

7200-429: Is a reference to André Breton 's "Mad Love". In 2006, Sam Levinson began drafting different versions of what eventually became Euphoria , based on his experience with drugs as a teenager. He was invited to a meeting with HBO about an adaptation of the 2012 Israeli television series Euphoria created by Ron Leshem , Daphna Levin, and Tamira Yardeni. In 2019, Levinson said HBO's head of drama, Francesca Orsi, liked

7350-461: Is admitted to a psychiatric hospital by her mother because of her depression and problems with self-harming . Later, her parents separate and she begins transitioning to deal with her gender dysphoria . In the present day, at a carnival, Nate and Maddy have an argument, and Nate grabs her by the throat after she insults his family. McKay upsets Cassie by refusing to acknowledge her as his girlfriend. Cassie and Maddy take MDMA , and Cassie flirts with

7500-682: Is also a means for beginning relationships. Students often feel that hookups are the only option and that their peers do not date, which becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy as fewer students date because they believe their classmates do not believe in dating. Freitas' study has found that students on these campuses generally feel that the decision about whether or not to be in a relationship is out of their control and that "hookup culture dictated for them that there would be no dating and that they simply had to endure this reality." Kimmel believes that while sexual promiscuity once existed on college campuses alongside more traditional forms of dating, hooking up

7650-410: Is an act that involves sexual intimacy , claimed by many to be a sexually liberating act. On the other hand, hookup culture is thought to be oppressive and monolithic, with intimacy only occurring within a specific context. Jennifer Aubrey and Siobhan Smith have found that between genders there are minimal differences when it comes to behavior and frequency in hookups; on the other hand, women still face

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7800-605: Is both set and filmed in California ; filming locations include at Ulysses S. Grant High School in Los Angeles and Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City . The series has received generally positive reviews, with praise for its cinematography, score, performances of the cast, and approach to its mature subject matter. Some critics found the nudity and sexual content excessive due to the high school setting and its teenage characters. It

7950-422: Is coached by his father to become a successful football player. When he reaches college, he realizes he has little chance of being recruited by a professional team. In the present day, Nate is suspended from school and socially ostracized. Nate breaks into Tyler's apartment and coerces him into confessing to choking Maddy. He also blackmails Jules into telling the police that she saw Tyler attack Maddy. Cassie attends

8100-449: Is now "the alpha and omega of young adult romance." Wade, on the other hand, says that college students are merely engaging in a different form of courtship that often results in monogamous relationships . This view is echoed by Armstrong, Hamilton and England, who state that college students have not abandoned dating. Some students claim that hookups fit their busy personal and professional schedules better than traditional dating does and

8250-510: Is seven, and the average college student acquires two new sexual partners during their college career. Half of all hookups are repeats, and 25% of students will graduate from college a virgin. African American female students are less likely to engage in hookup sex than white female students. One study has found that the strongest predictor of hookup behavior was previous experience hooking up. Those who have engaged in hookups that involve penetrative sex are 600% more likely to hookup again during

8400-421: Is someone out there for everyone"); the story typically revolves around characters falling into (and out of, and back into) love. Annie Hall (1977), The Notebook (2004), Carol (2015), Her (2013) , and La La Land (2016) are examples of romance dramas. The science fiction drama film is often the story of a protagonist (and their allies) facing something "unknown" that has the potential to change

8550-464: Is supported by the results that women felt moderate discomfort with intercourse during a hookup, but 32% still reported participating, and all women rated their peers' comfort higher than their own. The study found that men were more comfortable with all sexual behaviors discussed than women were. Researchers argue that both lead to negative consequences like sexual assault, especially for women. Stereotypes suggest most people believe that gay men are

8700-518: Is the fourth most-watched series in HBO history, behind Game of Thrones , The Last of Us , and House of the Dragon . The show additionally shares the same universe as Levinson's 2023 television series The Idol . The first season of Euphoria premiered on June 16, 2019. Two one-hour specials were broadcast in December 2020 and January 2021. The second season premiered on January 9, 2022. In February 2022,

8850-404: Is the microwaveable burrito of sex." Hooking up is engaged in for the instant gratification for sex, pleasure, a feeling of being loved, an emotional feeling of being adhered to, the thought of the potential of the hookup developing into something less casual, and many more reasons. According to Kathleen Bogle, the phrase 'hooking up' is "a slang term" deemed unofficial and unpredictable due to

9000-410: Is thus liberating. Freitas counters that living in the hookup culture is not at all liberating if what students want is to actually go on dates. Freitas has opined that a "hookup is a sexual act that thwarts meaning, purpose, and relationship." However, most students do want to be in a romantic relationship. One study has found that 63% of college-aged men and 83% of college-aged women would prefer

9150-422: Is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular super-genre, macro-genre, or micro-genre, such as soap opera , police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical drama , domestic drama , teen drama , and comedy-drama (dramedy). These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject matter, or they combine a drama's otherwise serious tone with elements that encourage

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9300-472: The FX series Atlanta ) and Adam Leber won the 2020 Guild of Music Supervisors Award for Best Music Supervision in a Television Drama. The score album for the first season was released by Sony Masterworks through Milan Records on October 4, 2019, for digital download. The album was also released on vinyl on January 10, 2020. The score has been described as "the holy lilt of gospel, orchestral and electronic" and

9450-568: The Western world ." The review shows that hookups are becoming increasingly normative among young adults and adolescents in North America and have taken root throughout the Western world, which represents a notable shift in how casual sex is perceived and accepted. Garcia and others have noted that the "past decade has witnessed an explosion in interest in the topic of hookups, both scientifically and in

9600-470: The gay bar where he first kissed Derek; after getting thrown out, he returns home, drunkenly berates his family for not allowing him to be open about his sexuality, and abruptly decides to leave them. Elliot discloses Rue's ongoing drug use to Jules. Jules is devastated but sleeps with Elliot nonetheless. Rue's suitcase of drugs she acquired from Laurie is missing; her mother Leslie learned of her relapse from Jules and reveals she threw it out. Rue in turn has

9750-755: The western super-genre often take place in the American Southwest or Mexico, with a large number of scenes occurring outdoors so we can soak in scenic landscapes. Visceral expectations for the audience include fistfights, gunplay, and chase scenes. There is also the expectation of spectacular panoramic images of the countryside including sunsets, wide open landscapes, and endless deserts and sky.   Examples of western dramas include: True Grit (1969) and its 2010 remake , Mad Max (1979), Unforgiven (1992), No Country for Old Men (2007), Django Unchained (2012), Hell or High Water (2016), and Logan (2017). Some film categories that use

9900-416: The "frat boy" perfectly embodies the persona of a sex driven male. Hooking up generally refers to having sex; however, many others indicated that when they say hooking up they are referring to something less than intercourse. In a hookup culture, young people often have little experience with dating and developing romantic relationships. Hooking up is means for experiencing casual sexual encounters, but it

10050-466: The "raw and honest" portrayal of drug use and other teenage problems in the Israeli series. In a press release, Orsi described the series as " Kids meets Trainspotting " with no parental supervision. The concept for Euphoria was based on Levinson's personal experiences as a teenager and his struggles with anxiety , depression , and drug addiction . In a meeting with Orsi, he recalled: "We just had

10200-446: The "sexual arena." College students on campuses create and explore their own sexual beings in life by referencing others' intimacy, which tends to be presented publicly. This peer culture is not reserved to college students, but it may start to develop around the time puberty starts in middle school for both genders around the age of eleven to fourteen years old. In general, puberty is a time that sexuality and self-awareness becomes

10350-446: The 1800s demonstrate that wealthy young white male college students hooked up with prostitutes, with poor women, and with enslaved African American women. Today, according to one study, more than 90% of American college students say their campus is characterized by a hookup culture, and students believe that about 85% of their classmates have hooked up. There have been several studies conducted that found men emerging into adulthood have

10500-505: The 1960s brought a loosening of sexual morals which allowed for sex to become uncoupled from relationships and non-marital sex to become more socially acceptable. Support for sexual freedom became increasingly popular as new ideas and beliefs evolved about the positive and negative aspects of engaging in sexual intercourse. It became more widely accepted that having sex was not necessarily always intended for reproduction, but rather had more emphasis on physical pleasure. This new outlook

10650-620: The 1960s could also be attributed to a sharp rise in female student enrollment at colleges and universities. The number of women attending college in the United States in 1972 was three times larger than the number in 1960. With a greater number of females on campuses compared to males, women had to adjust to the sexual scripts outlined by men, which are based more on engaging in uncommitted sex rather than on developing relationships. Some scholars, including Garcia and Freitas, have found that dating , while it has not disappeared, has decreased as

10800-434: The 1960s, with supporters arguing that a woman should have complete control over her own body. Supporters of the feminist movement also argued that women should be able to "pursue" men in the same way men traditionally approached women, and made efforts to change the negative attitudes usually associated with women that decided to have sex before marriage. Kathleen Bogle has stated that the growing acceptance of casual sex in

10950-489: The Apes (1968), A Clockwork Orange (1971), Blade Runner (1982) and its sequel Blade Runner 2049 (2017), Children of Men (2006), Interstellar (2014), and Arrival (2016). In the sports super-genre, characters will be playing sports. Thematically, the story is often one of "Our Team" versus "Their Team"; their team will always try to win, and our team will show the world that they deserve recognition or redemption;

11100-516: The Prince, Ravi Nandan, and Kevin Turen . The pilot episode was directed by Augustine Frizzell . Levinson has served as Euphoria ' s showrunner since its premiere, and has written every episode. He has directed every episode except the pilot and the season one episodes "03 Bonnie and Clyde" and "The Next Episode", which were respectively directed by Jennifer Morrison and Pippa Bianco. The production

11250-625: The U.S., women outnumber men in college enrollment by 4 to 3, leading some researchers to argue that the gender imbalance fosters a culture of hooking up because men, as the minority and limiting factor , hold more power in the sexual marketplace and use it to pursue their preference of casual sex over long-term relationships. However, most students overestimate the number of hookups in which their peers engage. Only 20% of students regularly hook up. Roughly one half will occasionally hook up, and one-third of students do not hook up at all. The median number of college hookups reported by graduating seniors

11400-475: The attacker. He later confronts Nate, who responds by revealing he knows of his father's secret sexual exploits, including the video of him and Jules. The title of this episode is a reference to the 1984 Hall & Oates song " Out of Touch ". As a teenager, Cal was attracted to his friend Derek while dating his future wife, Marsha. Derek reciprocated his feelings, but Marsha's unexpected pregnancy compelled Cal to stay with her and hide his sexual orientation. In

11550-407: The audience jump through a series of mental "hoops"; it is not uncommon for the crime drama to use verbal gymnastics to keep the audience and the protagonist on their toes.   Examples of crime dramas include: The Godfather (1972), Chinatown (1974), Goodfellas (1990), The Usual Suspects (1995), The Big Short (2015), and Udta Punjab (2016). According to Eric R. Williams ,

11700-464: The bathroom. When Cassie refuses to have sex with Daniel, he insults her. At home, Cassie realizes her period is late. Nate and Maddy arrive at Daniel's party and are applauded by the partygoers. Rue becomes suspicious when she sees Jules's reaction. Rue and Jules reconcile as Rue recovers in the hospital after a kidney infection. Nate is unable to sexually perform with Maddy, who confronts him about his sexuality, after which Nate attacks her. Maddy steals

11850-443: The carnival, Jules meets up with "Tyler" and discovers he is Nate. Nate blackmails her, threatening to report the nude pictures Jules has sent him as child pornography unless she keeps quiet about her relationship with his father. Jules goes to Rue's house and they kiss. As a child, Madeleine Perez lost interest in the idea of working after her mother stopped her from participating in beauty pageants. She eventually found herself in

12000-478: The carnival. Kat is cold toward Ethan, who does not understand why. Kat has a sexual encounter with a clothing store clerk about whom she had previously fantasized. Rue apologizes to Lexi for having been a bad friend and invites her to go roller skating with her and Jules. Cal questions the effects his secret sexuality has had on his children. Maddy meets Nate at a motel. After rollerskating, Jules takes Rue home with her, but cannot sleep. Growing up, Christopher McKay

12150-533: The characters' inner life and psychological problems. Examples: Requiem for a Dream (2000), Oldboy (2003), Babel (2006), Whiplash (2014), and Anomalisa (2015) Satire can involve humor, but the result is typically sharp social commentary that is anything but funny. Satire often uses irony or exaggeration to expose faults in society or individuals that influence social ideology.  Examples: Thank You for Smoking (2005) and Idiocracy (2006). Straight drama applies to those that do not attempt

12300-473: The course of the film. Thematically, horror films often serve as morality tales, with the killer serving up violent penance for the victims' past sins.  Metaphorically, these become battles of Good vs. Evil or Purity vs. Sin.  Psycho (1960), Halloween (1978), The Shining (1980), The Conjuring (2013), It (2017), mother! (2017), and Hereditary (2018) are examples of horror drama films. Day-in-the-life films takes small events in

12450-418: The crew's and audience's support. Fez is visited by Custer, who is wearing a wire. Ashtray realizes Custer is a police informant and fatally stabs him, while Fez destroys his phone. Police storm the compound; Ashtray locks himself in the bathroom and engages in a shootout with the police. He is shot and a wounded Fez is arrested. Nate confronts Cal with a flash drive containing all of Cal's explicit videos, before

12600-506: The disc containing the video of Cal and Jules. He then gives Jules the disc, apologizing for his past behavior; the two admit the feelings they expressed to each other by text message the previous year were genuine. Leslie learns no inpatient facility has room for Rue and breaks down, fearing Rue will kill herself without treatment. Jules destroys the disc Nate gave her. Leslie tells Rue she is done dealing with her drug addiction and plans to focus on Gia. Maddy wishes to leave East Highland after

12750-533: The emotional state of its characters. Shades of green and yellow regularly symbolize distress, while purple and blue convey an elated, feverish atmosphere. In shooting both day and night exteriors, cinematographer Marcell Rév relied on an exaggerated orange-blue color scheme, translated in the use of backlights and tungsten lights , to create visuals that feel "almost dreamlike". LED lights and SkyPanels were used in several interior shoots to display bright and vivid colors of purple and blue. The second season of Euphoria

12900-456: The end of the school year, feeling there is nothing to keep her there. Lexi's play, Our Life , is performed for East Highland's students, parents and faculty; the students quickly realize the play is based on their lives. The play shows various significant events from Lexi's perspective, such as Rue's father's wake, Cassie's puberty, Rue's and Lexi's friendship, Cassie and Maddy's friendship, and Maddy and Nate's relationship. Fez fails to make it to

13050-584: The extended variation of its meaning. Many other slang terms for hooking up were and are still used such as " friends with benefits " and " booty call ." Other terms for repeated acts of hooking up include, "casual sex" or "recreational sex," or defined as a relationship with "no strings attached." The definition of hooking up can vary depending on the person or on the age group. It can range from acts that involve kissing, oral sex , manual sex , or sexual intercourse . The term "hooking up," meaning an instance of casual sex, differs from hookup culture . A hookup

13200-481: The family as a whole reacts to a central challenge. There are four micro-genres for the family drama: Family Bond , Family Feud , Family Loss , and Family Rift . A sub-type of drama films that uses plots that appeal to the heightened emotions of the audience. Melodramatic plots often deal with "crises of human emotion, failed romance or friendship, strained familial situations, tragedy, illness, neuroses, or emotional and physical hardship". Film critics sometimes use

13350-545: The filming locations of Dublin , London , New York City , Rome , Singapore , and Warner Bros. Studios lots in Burbank and Leavesden , and a time jump to 2024. The filming is scheduled to begin in January 2025. The visual style of Euphoria is heavily inspired by the work of Petra Collins . Euphoria employs hyper-stylized cinematography, set design, costume design, and editing, which presents an "emotional realism " that captures

13500-700: The first table read on March 11, but the COVID-19 pandemic delayed the production. Production resumed in March 2021, with filming from April to November. HBO defended the series against allegations of a toxic work environment during the production of the second season, writing: "The well-being of cast and crew on our productions is always a top priority. The production was in full compliance with all safety guidelines and guild protocols. It's not uncommon for drama series to have complex shoots, and COVID protocols add an additional layer. We maintain an open line of communication with all

13650-496: The first and second seasons, she "slips into a slightly muted, darker and more androgynous " wardrobe. The visual aesthetics of Euphoria has been compared to the German expressionism movement of the early 20th century. Euphoria ' s score was composed by English singer, songwriter, and record producer Labrinth . The song " All for Us ", performed by Labrinth and Zendaya, is hinted at throughout season 1 before being performed as

13800-422: The first day of school, Rue breaks down in front of the class after being asked to talk about her summer. Afterwards, Cassie's sister Lexi attempts to comfort her, but she lashes out. Rue reminisces about trying oxycodone for the first time at 13, stealing from her dying father's prescription. Kat discovers that the amateur video of her having sex at McKay's party is popular online and realizes she can make money as

13950-406: The first season, costume designer Heidi Bivens dressed Jules, a transgender woman, in a wardrobe consisting of bright pastels and tennis skirts, inspired by the character's interest in anime and fantasy, to embody "the youthful optimism that comes with a fresh start" and her journey to "conquer" femininity , but as the character explores her gender identity and becomes more disillusioned between

14100-568: The fourth episode of first season "Shook Ones Pt. II", a 2-minute tracking shot, achieved through the use of a dolly, a technocrane, and four camera stitches , was "to introduce a space where all [the] characters were present, and somehow connect them in one shot". The costume design of Euphoria is arguably the series' most notable and influential hallmark. The characters of the series are regularly shown in chic, flamboyant outfits that serve as "plot devices and psychological profiles" to represent their personalities and character arcs. For example, in

14250-443: The frequency of hookups have increased. By the mid-1990s, Freitas found that hookups were an accepted form of interactions among sexually active adults, especially those located on college campuses. According to a review by Garcia, this is "an unprecedented time in the history of human sexuality." People are marrying and beginning families at ages later than previous generations while becoming sexually mature at an earlier age. As

14400-416: The future of humanity; this unknown may be represented by a villain with incomprehensible powers, a creature we do not understand, or a scientific scenario that threatens to change the world; the science fiction story forces the audience to consider the nature of human beings, the confines of time or space or the concepts of human existence in general. Examples include: Metropolis (1927), Planet of

14550-717: The general facts are more-or-less true. The difference between a docudrama and a documentary is that in a documentary it uses real people to describe history or current events; in a docudrama it uses professionally trained actors to play the roles in the current event, that is "dramatized" a bit. Examples: Black Mass (2015) and Zodiac (2007). Unlike docudramas, docu-fictional films combine documentary and fiction, where actual footage or real events are intermingled with recreated scenes. Examples: Interior. Leather Bar (2013) and Your Name Here (2015). Many otherwise serious productions have humorous scenes and characters intended to provide comic relief . A comedy drama has humor as

14700-422: The guilds, including SAG-AFTRA . There were never any formal inquiries raised." Before the series' second season, HBO ordered two specials. The first, "Trouble Don't Last Always", premiered on December 6, 2020, and follows Rue as she deals with the aftermath of leaving Jules at the train station and relapsing. The second, "Fuck Anyone Who's Not a Sea Blob", premiered on January 24, 2021, and follows Jules's side of

14850-416: The hallmark of fantasy drama films is "a sense of wonderment, typically played out in a visually intense world inhabited by mythic creatures, magic or superhuman characters. Props and costumes within these films often belie a sense of mythology and folklore – whether ancient, futuristic, or other-worldly. The costumes, as well as the exotic world, reflect the personal, inner struggles that the hero faces in

15000-522: The happenings in other students' lives made the college scene an open door in looking at others' relationships and sexual intimacy. College is a highly public environment, and any kind of sexual activity or public display of affection at parties or on campus is exposed to others. The viewers of that activity process, interpret, and form assumptions about what was observed. Those types of sexual activity or public displays of affection could be as meaningless as two individuals romantically speaking to each other in

15150-562: The health risks that come with hookups, however, especially if their partner was a member of their own community, such as a student on the same college campus. Garcia notes that there can be much pressure when it comes to hooking up, which can contribute to discomfort, performance anxiety , and stress. Some studies have found that students, both men and women, overwhelmingly regret their hookups. In one, 77% of students regretted their hookups, and in another, 78% of women and 72% of men who had uncommitted vaginal, anal, and/or oral sex regretted

15300-569: The high school setting of the first two seasons. The series has received numerous accolades , including a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series . For her performance, Zendaya has won two Primetime Emmy Awards , a Critics' Choice Television Award , and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for her performance as Rue. Sweeney, Colman Domingo , and Martha Kelly have also received Emmy nominations for their acting, with Domingo winning Outstanding Guest Actor in

15450-482: The inner perspectives of the series's adolescent characters. The first season was shot digitally using the Arri Alexa 65 camera. The two special episodes and second season were shot on Kodak 35mm film stock, primarily Ektachrome , which cinematographer Marcell Rév attributed to a desire to invoke "some sort of memory of high school". The series often utilizes saturated colors, notably of purple and blue, to communicate

15600-677: The known potential effects, many college students are either unaware or unbothered by those sexual risks. According to a survey focused on how students perceive the risk of contracting sexual diseases, only half of a group of 71 students reported having concerns about STI contraction while they engaged in sexual intercourse. Further analysis of the survey determined that many students claimed to trust their sexual partners and communities too much and that they were misinformed about sexual risks in general. Research suggests frequent drug or alcohol use can also lead to lower perceptions of those health risks. Engaging in hook-ups can have negative effects on

15750-566: The latter is generally defined as rape ). Homosexual men also engaged in hookup sex during the 1800s, meeting in spaces that were transient in nature, such as wharves and boarding houses. Since the 1920s, there has been a transition from an age of courtship to an era of hookup culture. Technological advancements, such as the automobile and movie theaters, brought young couples out of their parents' homes, and out from their watchful eyes, giving them more freedom and more opportunity to engage in casual sexual activity. The sexual revolution of

15900-483: The legal system. Films that focus on dramatic events in history. Focuses on doctors, nurses, hospital staff, and ambulance saving victims and the interactions of their daily lives. Focuses on teenage characters, especially where a secondary school setting plays a role. Hookup culture Most research on hookups has been focused on U.S. college students, but hookups are not limited to college campuses. Adolescents and emerging adults engage in hookups for

16050-445: The mid-2000s have shown that upwards of 60% or 70% of sexually active teens reported having had uncommitted sex within the last year. That is more common among males than females. Among sexually experienced adolescents, 28% of males and 16% of females reported losing their virginity to either someone they have just met or to a friend who is not a dating partner. Males are more likely than females to have several hookup partners at

16200-453: The most likely to engage in casual or uncommitted sex on a regular basis. Studies conclude that gay men participated in more frequent casual sex than individuals "across all genders, sexes, and sexual orientations comparison groups." Overall, hookup culture is understood to be most prominent within the gay community. Biologically speaking, sexual behavior is closely connected to someone's birth sex. Under that assumption, women are considered

16350-413: The night trying to make each other jealous, Nate and Maddy decide to peacefully end their relationship. Jules tells Rue that she is in love with both her and Anna. Rue and Jules decide to run away from their town together, but Rue backs out at the last minute and Jules leaves on a train alone. A heartbroken Rue returns home and relapses, experiencing a vivid, musical hallucination. As a child, Fezco O'Neill

16500-585: The other guests stop him. Nate recovers from his beating at the hospital, refusing to tell his father who attacked him. Cassie, who has experienced a depressive episode since her abortion, continues seeing Nate despite knowing it could ruin her friendship with Maddy. Jules becomes insecure about Rue's friendship with Elliot, unaware the two have been regularly taking drugs together. Kat's interest in Ethan begins to wane over her own issues with self-esteem. Cal investigates Nate's assault and pressures Cassie into naming Fez as

16650-407: The overall mental health of gay men, and they were often forced to explore their sexual needs and desires in a discreet fashion. More recent technology, such as dating websites and mobile apps, have also contributed to the current hookup tendencies observed in gay men. Apps like Grindr have further advanced the sexual scripts of homosexual men. Apps such as Taimi , Her and Zoe have advanced

16800-542: The pilot as he was uncomfortable with the sexual content involving his character. In April 2020, Kelvin Harrison Jr. joined the cast, but by May 2021, he had dropped out due to scheduling conflicts as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In August, Dominic Fike , Minka Kelly , and Demetrius "Lil Meech" Flenory Jr. were added to the cast. On August 24, 2022, Ferreira announced via Instagram story that she had decided to leave

16950-402: The play despite promising Lexi he would be there. Ethan, playing Nate, performs a homoerotic rendition of " Holding Out for a Hero " with other male students; an offended Nate storms out of the play and angrily breaks up with Cassie, who is enraged. Cassie disrupts the play when she rushes the stage and berates Lexi, only to be chased backstage and attacked by Maddy. Lexi finishes her play with

17100-427: The police, tipped off by Nate, come to arrest Cal. In the aftermath of their brawl, Cassie confesses to Maddy that Nate dumped her, to which she responds that this is just the beginning of what Cassie will have to endure. After the play, Jules tells Rue that she loves and misses her. Rue narrates that she stayed clean for the rest of the school year and is cautiously optimistic about the future. The title of this episode

17250-426: The popular media. Research on hookups is not seated within a singular disciplinary sphere; it sits at the crossroads of theoretical and empirical ideas drawn from a diverse range of fields, including psychology , anthropology , sociology , biology , medicine , and public health ." However, research shows that COVID-19 has impacted hook-up culture by lowering the prevalence of casual sex. Difficulties in defining

17400-473: The possibility of beginning a romantic relationship with a hookup partner. More than half of college relationships begin with a hookup, Bogle's research has found. Freitas' study shows that when a relationship is born of a hookup, it is usually after months of engaging in a series of sexual encounters. Relationships that begin as a hookup, or as a "friends with benefits" situation, report lower levels of satisfaction. Garcia says that hookup culture can lead to

17550-424: The present, Rue develops a plan to hide her drug use from Jules and Gia. When she runs out of drugs, she convinces Laurie to give her a large stash, ostensibly for Rue to sell. Ali becomes suspicious of Rue, causing a vicious argument that leads them to cut ties. Cassie becomes further isolated due to her obsession with Nate. Lexi channels her frustrations with Cassie and Rue, as well as her own loneliness, into writing

17700-483: The process. Kat and Ethan break up. Cassie and Nate struggle with their secret being out and argue with their mothers. Cassie's stress makes Lexi wonder how her play will be received. Fez is housing Faye, the girlfriend of his associate Custer, whom he hasn't seen since the deal with Laurie; Custer privately meets Faye and reveals he is a police informant working to bring down Fez and Ashtray for Mouse's murder. Nate goes to Maddy's house and forces her at gunpoint to give up

17850-460: The same behaviors. For that reason, a woman's sexual script has more focus on finding some type of commitment or relationship. Additionally, women pursue relationships to "protect their reputation" in college, but men have more sexual freedom without the fear of reproach. Women risk being called "sluts" or being accused of "getting around too much" since society has historically identified that as inappropriate behavior for women. Men are not held to

18000-438: The same manner as their peers, which creates the typical and common style of acquitting oneself. Most people choose to take part in hookups to experience physical intimacy and sexual pleasure, but that type of behavior can result in a variety of negative outcomes, too. The impacts can range from "emotional and psychological injury, sexual violence , sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and/or unintended pregnancy." Despite

18150-515: The same semester. Subculture can affect gender roles and sexuality, and youth subcultures are particularly susceptible to peer pressure . Self-esteem is also an indicator: men with high self-esteem and women with low self-esteem are more likely to have multiple sexual partners , but hookups are less likely among both genders when they have high self-esteem. Most predictors among males and females rarely differ. One third of gay and bisexual college men have met an anonymous sexual partner in

18300-509: The same standards, particularly in high school and college. Men who engage in regular sexual activity are seen as successful individuals who are "players." In fact, men are rarely reprimanded for their sexual behavior unless they are practicing abstinence in which case their peers might say that they cannot "get any." Researcher Donna Freitas challenges society's perceptions of the male sexual script. Through conversations and interviews with men on college campuses, she states that they expressed

18450-473: The same time and to hook up with someone they are not dating. For both genders, hookups are more likely to be with an ex-boyfriend, an ex-girlfriend, or a friend than an acquaintance. The majority of teens (68%) who hook up with a friend or an ex will hook up with them again. About half of all hookups among adolescents were a one-time affair, and this is the same for both genders. Only 6% of teens have had sex with someone they just met, and those encounters are

18600-420: The series was renewed for a third season. Filming was primarily halted due to the 2023 Hollywood labor disputes and the unexpected deaths of Cloud and executive producer Kevin Turen . The third season was initially expected to enter production in December 2023, but was postponed indefinitely. On June 13, 2024, it was confirmed that the season will begin production in January 2025, presumably being set away from

18750-415: The series' third season. In June 2018, it was announced that the pilot would star Zendaya , Storm Reid , Maude Apatow , Astro , Eric Dane , Angus Cloud , Alexa Demie , Jacob Elordi , Barbie Ferreira , Nika King , Hunter Schafer , and Sydney Sweeney . In October, Algee Smith was cast to replace Astro as McKay, and Austin Abrams had also been cast. Astro reportedly quit the series after shooting

18900-445: The series. On April 5, 2023, she said: "I just felt like, maybe it's like I overstayed my welcome a little bit. So for me, I actually felt good to be like, 'Okay, I get to not worry about this, and we both don't get too worried about this', because it's exhausting." In July 2024, Colman Domingo confirmed that he would be reprising his role as Ali Muhammad in the third season. In November 2024, Reid announced she would not be returning for

19050-425: The sexual behaviors of men and women in a completely different manner. For men, sex is characterized as "central to male identity," and research suggests men tend to "prefer nonrelational sex." In contrast, women are viewed as "sexual objects" and are normally "sexually passive compared to men." Society typically admires or glorifies men who frequently engage in casual sex, but women are scrutinized or admonished for

19200-490: The sexual scripts for homosexual women. Other apps, like Tinder , Hinge or Bumble , have been created to follow a similar script for heterosexual individuals. Nevertheless, because casual hookups and anonymous sexual encounters have been classified as more prominent in homosexuals, apps like Tinder and Bumble still maintain a broader focus on more long-term goals like dating or relationships, especially when compared to apps like Grindr. Some North American surveys published in

19350-442: The show. An 11-year-old Nathaniel Jacobs discovers his father's porn collection of homemade videos featuring him having sex with young gay men and transgender women. Nate becomes a successful quarterback who struggles with anger issues and sexual insecurities. In the present, Nate breaks into Tyler's house and severely beats him, accusing him of raping underage Maddy at McKay's party after Maddy falsely told him she blacked out . On

19500-430: The skills to know how to ask someone out. Boston College even offers a course on how to plan and execute a date. College students base their sexual ideas and sexual actions within a peer culture, where students who are peers are comparing and differing sexual situations in one's own life among one another to create a foundation for the current hookup culture. Kathleen Bogle describes the peer culture at universities as

19650-527: The soundtrack's religious undertones: "We spoke about using organs because of a lot of the religious influences in the show, especially with Rue. We wanted a lot of the sounds edging towards a religious sound. And because I love both Pentecostal and Catholic sounds, I kind of was like trying to merge them both together." Teen drama In film and television , drama is a category or genre of narrative fiction (or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone. The drama of this kind

19800-530: The story does not always have to involve a team. The story could also be about an individual athlete or the story could focus on an individual playing on a team. Examples of this genre/type include:  The Hustler (1961), Hoosiers (1986), Remember the Titans (2000), and Moneyball (2011). War films typically tells the story of a small group of isolated individuals who – one by one – get killed (literally or metaphorically) by an outside force until there

19950-495: The story. The second episode was co-written and executive produced by Levinson and Hunter Schafer . HBO announced that the special episodes would air two days early on HBO Max . On February 4, 2022, HBO renewed the series for a third season. In September 2022, HBO's CEO Casey Bloys said the series could go beyond four seasons, and would not end after season three. Production of season three was set to start in February 2023, aiming for

20100-514: The story." Examples of fantasy dramas include The Lord of the Rings (2001–2003), Pan's Labyrinth (2006), Where the Wild Things Are (2009), and Life of Pi (2012). Horror dramas often involve the central characters isolated from the rest of society. These characters are often teenagers or people in their early twenties (the genre's central audience) and are eventually killed off during

20250-578: The term "pejoratively to connote an unrealistic, pathos-filled, camp tale of romance or domestic situations with stereotypical characters (often including a central female character) that would directly appeal to feminine audiences". Also called "women's movies", "weepies", tearjerkers, or "chick flicks". If they are targeted to a male audience, then they are called "guy cry" films. Often considered "soap-opera" drama. Focuses on religious characters, mystery play, beliefs, and respect. Character development based on themes involving criminals, law enforcement and

20400-402: The term can lead to different perceptions of its prevalence. Hookup culture is vaguely defined due to a variety of perspectives taken on this subject relating to human sexuality . It is hard to make sense of hookup culture without understanding why it exists in society and why individuals participate in the culture. According to Shannon T. Boodram, "hooking up is nothing more than settling; it

20550-664: The third season. Primary photography takes place in Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City , California . Grant High School in Los Angeles stands in for the fictional East Highland High School. The exterior of the Bennett family house that appears in the pilot episode is located at 5611 Shenandoah Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90056, USA . According to the California Film Commission , the first season of Euphoria received $ 8,378,000 in incentive tax credits. The first season

20700-590: The video of Cal and Jules that Nate has in his possession, later watching it in shock. Nate wins his final high-school football game, but Cal criticizes his performance. Nate attempts to fight him but after being subdued, begins to hit himself, leaving Cal shaken. Cassie terminates her pregnancy with her family's support. Fez breaks into Mouse's supplier's house and robs him in order to pay Mouse. At their school's winter formal , Kat seeks out Ethan and apologizes for her behavior. Rue confronts Nate, threatening to expose Cal. Nate taunts her about Jules's loyalty. After spending

20850-406: The whole filmmaking process." In June 2017, it was reported that the series was in development at HBO. Euphoria is a co-production of The Reasonable Bunch, A24 , Little Lamb, DreamCrew , and HBO Entertainment . It has 16 executive producers, including Levinson, Leshem, Levin, Yardeni, Hadas Mozes Lichtenstein, Mirit Toovi, Yoram Mokadi, Gary Lennon , Zendaya , Canadian rapper Drake , Future

21000-488: The word "comedy" or "drama" are not recognized by the Screenwriters Taxonomy as either a film genre or a film type. For instance, "Melodrama" and "Screwball Comedy" are considered Pathways,  while "romantic comedy" and "family drama" are macro-genres. A macro-genre in the Screenwriters Taxonomy. These films tell a story in which many of the central characters are related. The story revolves around how

21150-466: The world of romance and becomes a popular online fan fiction writer. In the present, Kat starts to work as a camgirl, catering to a series of submissive men with financial domination fetishes. Jules tells Rue she will stop being friends with her if she keeps using drugs. At her Narcotics Anonymous meeting, Rue says she is 60 days sober; another attendee, Ali, tells her he knows she is lying. Rue helps Jules take nude photos of herself after Nate sends her

21300-459: Was favorably reviewed by Variety . The score album for the second season was released by Columbia Records on April 22, 2022, in digital and physical formats. Like the previous one, it was composed and produced by Labrinth. A soundtrack album featuring a selection of songs from the first season and specials was released by Interscope Records digitally on May 14, 2021, with vinyl copies released on September 3, 2021. The soundtrack to season 2

21450-545: Was filmed over a combined total of 104 days; the second season's production costs totaled $ 96,685,000 after a total of 176 filming days. Subsequently, the second season received a $ 19,406,000 tax credit for employing over 15,000 people in California. Zendaya received $ 500,000 per episode in the first two seasons and will receive $ 1,000,000 per episode in the third season. For season three, Rue's sobriety journey, Zendaya opened up about exploring characters outside high school, with

21600-431: Was given a pilot order on March 13, 2018, and on July 30, it was announced that HBO had given the production a series order. The series was renewed for a second season on July 11, 2019. Out of respect for the actors and extras involved, filming of nudity was conducted on a closed set, and for sex scenes, an intimacy coordinator was used. Production for season two was scheduled to start in the second quarter of 2020, with

21750-445: Was influenced by several factors, including the eradication of 1930s censorship laws regarding sexually explicit content in media, and also a growing accessibility to birth control pills, condoms , and other forms of contraception. Before the 1960s, unmarried women were usually denied access to birth control since it was traditional for men and women to refrain from having sex until after marriage. Feminism grew substantially in

21900-512: Was released digitally by Interscope Records on March 4, 2022, with CDs releasing on May 13, 2022, and vinyl on July 29, 2022. The album's release was preceded by seven singles, "Watercolor Eyes" by Lana Del Rey , " How Long " by Tove Lo , "(Pick Me Up) Euphoria" by James Blake featuring Labrinth, "Sad4Whattt" by EricDoa, "Yeh I Fuckin' Did it" by Labrinth, " I'm Tired " by Labrinth and Zendaya, and " Elliot's Song " by Dominic Fike and Zendaya. In an interview with IndieWire , Labrinth stated of

22050-415: Was reported shooting was postponed indefinitely amidst speculation that the series would not return. HBO announced on July 12, 2024 that castmembers had signed on for a third season which would aim for a January 2025 start date. In August 2024, while appearing on an episode of Call Her Daddy with Alex Cooper , Hunter Schafer stated, "The real tea is I have no f-king idea what's going on" with production on

22200-418: Was reported that a little over 59% of college students have sex once per week. A little over 31% reported to having at least one sexual partner per year, and about 50% said that they have had more than two sexual partners since the age of 18. Perceptions of " frat boys " and how this stereotype seems to be the typical male who only pursues women to have sexual relations. Many female college students explained how

22350-546: Was shot on film , specifically in Kodak's Ektachrome and Vision3 500T, which distorted how set lighting looked on camera. "For camera movements, we really wanted it to have a certain energy that ties the different storylines together. So, I would say the camera movement is the glue in the show, that glues it together" said Rév on using an energized design element that stands out. Extensive whip pans and tracking shots were employed to portray intimacy, growth, and interrelationship. In

22500-422: Was taken under his grandmother's wing and introduced to the drug trade. A baby Ashtray was abandoned by his addict mother. Fez experienced a traumatic head injury from a crowbar accident. In the present, Ash kills Mouse with a hammer. Several weeks later, on New Year's Eve, an intoxicated Rue accompanies Fez and Ash to an intense drug deal with associates of retired-schoolmistress-turned-dealer Laurie before attending

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