Misplaced Pages

#32967

66-775: The road is 4-lanes for most of its length, narrowing down to two lanes north of Wyandotte Street . Its purpose is to divert traffic from the Ambassador Bridge (via Highway 3 / Huron Church Road ), by sending it to the Tunnel (Via Dougall Parkway , Dougall Avenue , to the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel , along Wyandotte Street to its Canadian terminus at Goyeau Street . Traffic onward into the United States generally continues onto Woodward Avenue , Detroit's "Main Street", which lies along

132-552: A VAT refund may be claimed at the airport upon departure. In the Philippines , there is one shopping mall called the Duty Free Philippines Fiestamall, which is located a few miles away from Ninoy Aquino International Airport as opposed to being at the airport itself. It is the only shopping mall of its kind in the world. The goods that are sold in this mall are often imported products which come from around

198-609: A country outside the EU VAT area is entitled to shop tax-free at participating shops in the EU. Tax free shopping differs from duty-free shopping as the traveller pays the VAT on goods in the shop in the usual way, and can then request a refund when exporting the goods. There are a number of tax-free operators who can support both the stores and the traveler through this process. To qualify, the traveller must: Only goods meant for personal use are eligible for

264-611: A new study for a bridge in 1889, but no bridge was approved. Finally, the Michigan Central built the Detroit River Tunnel in 1909–10 to carry trains under the river. This tunnel benefited the Michigan Central and Great Western railroads, but the Canada Southern Railway and other lines still preferred a bridge over the river. Plans for a bridge were revived in 1919 to commemorate the end of World War I and to honor

330-547: A proposal to build a second span of the Ambassador Bridge (which he would own) instead. Critics suggest that Moroun's opposition was fueled by the prospect of lost profits from duty-free gasoline sales, which are exempt from about 60 cents per gallon in taxes even though the pump price to consumers is only a few cents lower. On May 5, 2011, a judge dismissed the case, citing a lack of reasoning for it to proceed. Moroun and his Detroit International Bridge Company contended that

396-513: A railroad bridge over the river. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers commissioned a study of a bridge over the Detroit River. Representatives of the shipping industry on the Great Lakes opposed any bridge with piers in the river as a hazard to navigation. Discussions continued for the remainder of the decade to no avail; a bridge over the Detroit River was not approved. The U.S. Congress requested

462-501: A reimbursement system, such as Global Blue and Premier Tax Free , wherein a sum equivalent to the tax is paid, but then the goods are presented to customs and the sum reimbursed on exit. Duty-free are abolished for intra- EU (inside the EU tax union ) travelers but are retained for travelers whose final destination is outside the EU. They also sell to intra-EU travelers but with appropriate taxes. The world's largest airport by duty-free sales

528-423: A short east-bound jog on Tecumseh Road before continuing left (north) on Ouellette Ave. The former alignment remained as Ouellette Avenue, while the new alignment became "Ouellette Place". Four years later, it was designated as a Connecting Link , enabling Windsor to receive monetary and mechanical/paving assistance in maintaining the road, and to continue to sign it as Highway 3B, should it be downloaded. Though it

594-438: A single firm such as Dufry. Also, prices can often be driven upward by the costs of buyer convenience, e.g., in-flight sales by airlines. Many airlines, such as Emirates , El Al , Singapore Airlines , Middle East Airlines , Ukraine International Airlines , Delta , and Avianca , offer duty-free sales on their flights. In 1991, the EU decided to keep some duty free for a transition period until 1999. In 1999, after

660-448: Is South Korea's Incheon Airport , with US$ 1.85 billion in 2016, narrowly overtaking Dubai Duty Free with 2016 sales of $ 1.82 billion. Haikou International Duty-Free City Shopping Complex is the world's biggest stand-alone duty-free store in terms of physical size. Located in Haikou , Hainan, China, the buildings have a total area of 280,000 square meters. Brendan O'Regan established

726-439: Is discounted. Normally, discounted liquors or tobacco products cannot be bought when arriving into an EU Member State as there is often a high local Excise Duty on these goods as well as the local sales tax (VAT/IVA/TVA) which is included in the price. In some EU Territories the tax on tobaccos and liquors is lower than in other EU countries, which is why the prices still seem competitive and look like duty-free prices. A good example

SECTION 10

#1733085989033

792-528: Is made up of 21,000 short tons (19,000 tonnes ) of steel, and the roadway rises as high as 152 feet (46 m) above the Detroit River. Only the main span over the river is supported by suspension cables; the approaches to the main pillars are held up by steel in a cantilever truss structure. The bridge's only sidewalk is on the structure's southwest side. After the September 11 attacks , pedestrians and bicycles were prohibited from traveling across

858-556: Is now Duty Free Shoppers ( DFS ) on 7 November 1960. DFS started operations in Hong Kong and spread to Europe and other places around the globe. Securing the exclusive concession for duty-free sales in Hawaii in the early–1960s was a commercial breakthrough for DFS, which enabled the company to focus on Japanese travelers. DFS continued to innovate, expanding into off-airport duty-free stores and into large downtown Galleria stores; it grew to become

924-459: Is the difference in tobacco prices between the UK and Ireland, compared to Spain or Portugal. It is a common feature of most tax systems that taxes are not raised on goods to be exported. To do so could place the goods at a disadvantage to those from other countries, for example if the tax rate in the territory of sale is higher than the tax rate in the territory of consumption. Either the tax system allows

990-488: The Ambassador Bridge opened. Highway 3 was re-routed along the newly constructed Huron Church Road to the bridge, and Ouellette Avenue was re-designated as Highway 3A (Windsor) . This lasted until 1935, when it was re-designated as Highway 3B (Windsor) . In 1962, the City of Windsor re-aligned Ouellette Avenue to flow into Dougall Avenue directly, instead of having Highway 3B traffic head north along Dougall Avenue, then making

1056-738: The Detroit International Bridge Company in the United States and the Canadian Transit Company in Canada. In 1979, when the previous owners put it on the New York Stock Exchange and shares were traded, Moroun was able to buy shares, eventually acquiring the bridge. The bridge carries 60 to 70 percent of commercial truck traffic in the region. Moroun also owned the Ammex Detroit duty-free stores at both

1122-655: The Detroit River had the longest suspended central span in the world when it was completed in 1929—1,850 feet (560 m). This record held until the George Washington Bridge between New York and New Jersey opened in 1931. The bridge's total length is 7,500 feet (2,286 m). Construction began in 1927 and was completed in 1929. The general contractor and steel erector was the McClintic-Marshall Company of Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . The bridge

1188-720: The Gateway Project . These improvements would normally be under the control of the state government; however, the Detroit International Bridge Company withheld the improvements as part of a negotiation strategy. At one point, Matty Moroun and his chief deputy at the Detroit International Bridge Co, Dan Stamper, were jailed for non-compliance with orders to complete the on-ramps. After years of legal battles, activism by local people against neighborhood truck traffic, and stalling by Matty Moroun,

1254-647: The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) took over the I-75/I-96 on-ramp project and opened the ramps in September 2012 after a six-month construction period. One possible motive for the Gateway Project delays was Moroun's desire to route traffic past his lucrative duty-free store and fuel pumps, one of only two border locations to sell untaxed fuel (the other is International Falls, Minnesota ). Critics of

1320-404: The international zone of international airports , sea ports , and train stations but goods can also be bought duty-free on board airplanes and passenger ships. They are not as commonly available for road or train travelers, although several border crossings between the United States and both Canada and Mexico have duty-free shops for car travelers. In some countries, any shop can participate in

1386-415: The money and ran off, before ultimately committing suicide in a prison cell after conviction for murdering a drugstore clerk. The bridge boosters turned to New Yorker Joseph A. Bower, a businessman who specialized in rescuing mismanaged companies. Bower succeeded in raising the necessary initial $ 12 million. "The only way things can be done today, is by private business," said Henry Ford , who backed

SECTION 20

#1733085989033

1452-502: The "youth of Canada and the United States who served in the Great War". However neither Ontario nor Michigan wanted to finance a river crossing. Michigan automakers subsequently decided to take the initiative to connect the Midwest to central Canada . After they created a bridge company, the project got into trouble when a Toronto financier hired to sell its securities instead embezzled

1518-586: The Ambassador Bridge was impeded by protesters during the Freedom Convoy 2022 protests in Canada. Protesters at the bridge blockaded it on February 7. On the evening of February 7, traffic at the bridge came to a complete halt. The blockade continued into February 8. On the morning of February 8, officials declared the bridge reopened, but the blockade later resumed, pushing trips to the Blue Water Bridge between Sarnia and Port Huron . The bridge over

1584-534: The Americas, with these regions accounting for 34 percent and 23 percent respectively. 31 percent of sales came from the fragrances and cosmetics category, followed by the wine and spirit category with 17 percent and then comes tobacco products. Some countries impose duty on goods brought into the country, although they had been bought duty-free in another country, or when the value or quantity of such goods exceed an allowed limit. Duty-free shops are often found in

1650-498: The Caribbean have such shops, as does South East Asia and Oceania. Switzerland and Canada are looking to introduce them in 2010. This method of retail removes any security problems with the transit of liquids, as they are not carried on aircraft. Several airlines do not allow sales of certain sharp objects in-flight due to security risk. Other objects that have sharp parts, such as model airplanes, may be bought in-flight but received at

1716-766: The Customer Registration Counter at the entrance of the mall. The customer will then be issued a shopping card; these shopping cards must be presented to the cashier for validation of purchases. Arriving customers are given a certain tax-free allowance on purchases and anything in excess will be subject to local and national taxes. In the past, the mall used to only accept US dollars and Philippine peso but in recent years, it had begun accepting other currencies such as Japanese yen , Brunei dollar , Australian dollar , British pound , Canadian dollar , Euro , Swiss franc , Saudi riyal , Bahraini dinar , and Thai baht . Currency exchange booths are also available inside

1782-651: The Detroit River International Crossing (DRIC) commission. The new bridge further downriver between Detroit and Windsor will be owned and operated by the Windsor–Detroit Bridge Authority , a Crown corporation owned by the Canadian federal government. Manuel Moroun , owner of the Ambassador Bridge until his death in 2020, spoke out against this proposal. He sued the governments of Canada and Michigan to stop its construction, and released

1848-528: The Detroit River and leaving four workers dangling from safety harnesses. Jamie Barker, one of the workers who fell into the water, died. An engineer, George Snowden, was disciplined by Professional Engineers Ontario for his role in the collapse; in 2012, a design that Snowden approved caused the Radiohead stage collapse in Toronto. Snowden's associate Domenic Cugliari was also involved in both collapses. Access to

1914-532: The Michigan IFTA refund, as the tax was never paid. In a 2012 lawsuit, the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development sued Moroun's company, Ammex, claiming it mislabeled motorcar fuels to advertise 93 octane while tests showed as little as 91.2 octane. In 2015, Windsor city officials criticized the decaying appearance of the bridge and called attention to the hazard posed by crumbling concrete from its superstructure. In response, Matt Moroun accused

1980-652: The U.S. Customs & Border Protection: Moreover, in the U.S. some duty-free stores will sell their goods to domestic passengers with appropriate taxes included. Alcohol and tobacco products are restricted to international passengers only and subject to the age limitations of 18 and 21 respectively, even though the age one must be to import those items into other countries may be lower. U.S. citizens receive substantially higher duty exemptions than normal when they visit or transit these locales, e.g., Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands. According to Autogrill / World Duty Free case, duty free

2046-585: The United States and Canada by value. A 2004 Border Transportation Partnership study showed that 150,000 jobs in the Detroit–Windsor region and US$ 13 billion in annual production depend on the Detroit–Windsor international border crossing. The bridge is one of the few privately owned US–Canada crossings; it was owned by Grosse Pointe billionaire Manuel Moroun , until his death in July 2020, through

Ouellette Avenue - Misplaced Pages Continue

2112-563: The Windsor Jaycees Santa Claus Parade . Ambassador Bridge The Ambassador Bridge is an international suspension bridge across the Detroit River that connects Detroit, Michigan , United States, with Windsor, Ontario , Canada. Opened in 1929, the toll bridge is the busiest international border crossing in North America in terms of trade volume, carrying more than 25% of all merchandise trade between

2178-590: The bridge and the tunnel. The passage across the Detroit River became an important traffic route following the American Civil War . The Michigan Central and the Great Western railroads in addition to others operated on either side of the border connecting Chicago with the Atlantic Seaboard . To cross the Detroit River, these railroads operated ferries between docks on either side. The ferries lacked

2244-516: The bridge connects to busy city streets in west Windsor, leading to congestion. The privately owned bridge carries approximately 25% of trade between Canada and the United States. Transport Canada reported the following distribution for the five largest U.S.–Canada border crossings by trucks in 2011: The Canadian and United States governments have approved the construction of the Gordie Howe International Bridge proposed by

2310-517: The bridge due to increased security measures. For years prior to September 11, 2001, the sidewalk was closed due to ongoing maintenance projects and repainting. Originally painted gloss black, the bridge underwent a five-year refurbishment between 1995 and 2000, which included stripping and repainting the bridge teal . Granite blocks, originally used on the U.S. side, were given to the Windsor Parks and Recreation Department, and now grace many of

2376-401: The bridge opened, a Canadian immigration inspector jumped to his death. The bridge has been used by other suicide jumpers . After it opened, high divers considered it as a venue for a record; but after measurements of the height and currents were taken into account, they were dissuaded and abandoned the attempt. On November 14, 2000, a scaffold on the bridge collapsed, sending three men into

2442-484: The capacity to handle the shipping needs of the railroads, and there were often 700–1,000 freight cars waiting to cross the river, with numerous passengers delayed in transit. Warehouses in Chicago were forced to store grain that they could not ship to eastern markets and foreign goods were stored in eastern warehouses waiting shipment to the western United States. The net effect of these delays increased commodity prices in

2508-452: The city of attempting to thwart the company's efforts to rebuild or repair the structure because the Canadian government is supporting plans for a new bridge across the Detroit River downriver. Duty-free shop A duty-free shop or store is a retail outlet whose goods are exempt from the payment of certain local or national taxes and duties , on the requirement that the goods will be sold to travelers who will take them out of

2574-607: The country for less than six months can buy items without paying consumption tax, so long as the total purchase value exceeds ¥5,000 and the items will not be consumed in Japan. Duty-free shops are a mainstay in the Akihabara electronic shopping district of Tokyo . In Thailand, the King Power chain has shops where duty-free items are pre-purchased and delivered separately to the airport to be picked up on departure. For certain other purchases,

2640-443: The country they are traveling to, so long as they are within the traveler's duty-free allowance. Most tax regimes also allow travelers entering a country to bring in a certain amount of goods for personal use without paying tax on them, the so-called "duty-free allowance"; because it is not economically justifiable to collect the small amounts of tax involved, and would be an inconvenience to the passengers. A duty-free shop works under

2706-466: The country, and both merchants and farmers wanted a solution from the railroads. The Michigan Central proposed the construction of a tunnel under the river with the support of their counterparts at the Great Western Railway. Construction started in 1871 and continued until ventilating equipment failed the next year; work was soon abandoned. Attention turned in 1873 to the alternative of building

Ouellette Avenue - Misplaced Pages Continue

2772-475: The country, who will then pay duties and taxes in their destination country (depending on its personal exemption limits and tariff regime). Which products can be sold duty-free vary by jurisdiction, as well as how they can be sold, and the process of calculating the duty or refunding the duty component. Tax Free World Association (TFWA) announced that in 2011 Asia-Pacific , with 35 percent of global duty-free and travel retail sales, has more duty free than Europe or

2838-1032: The creation of the European Union, the single market and the monetary union, these outlets were abolished for intra- EU travellers but are retained for travelers whose final destination is outside the EU. They also sell to intra-EU travelers but with appropriate taxes. Some special member state territories such as Åland , Livigno and the Canary Islands , are within the EU but outside the EU tax union , and thus still continue duty-free sales for all travelers. In 2021, with Brexit duty free are reintroduced in three British nations : England , Wales and Scotland . This allows reduced taxes on wine , Champagne or Prosecco , beer and spirits as well as on cigarettes , cigarillos , cigars , or tobacco . Some duty-free shops operate in central business districts away from airports or other ports. In Japan, for example, any visitor whose passport indicates that they have been in

2904-427: The downriver Howe bridge, the final approach to the Ambassador Bridge remains on overcrowded Windsor surface streets. In 2007, the privately owned bridge company was granted a permit by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality to build a new bridge across the Detroit River adjacent to the existing span. The permit expired in 2012. The U.S. Coast Guard issued the bridge company a permit in 2016 to construct

2970-532: The duty-free fuel operation objected that sixty cents from each U.S. gallon went not to paving Michigan's underfunded highways but instead directly to Matty Moroun. Operators of large trucks under the International Fuel Tax Agreement , which in theory should impose Ontario tax and partially refund Michigan tax on fuel purchased in Detroit and consumed on Ontario's Highway 401, may be disqualified for

3036-461: The five year construction permit issued by Transport Canada expired. Transportation Minister Omar Alghabra noted that conversations between the federal government, the City of Windsor and the bridge company were "ongoing". The bridge's private ownership has been controversial as the bridge carries approximately 25% of trade between Canada and the United States. Although alternate routes exist, including

3102-564: The future crossing as the Windsor–Essex Parkway) with I-75 and I-96 in Michigan, bypasses Windsor's surface streets and reduces congestion. A twin span adjacent to the Ambassador Bridge, by itself, does not address Canadian concerns about traffic on Huron Church Road in Windsor. While many of the stop lights commonly cited have been removed by the expansion of Highway 401 which will connect to

3168-486: The goods to be exported without taxes (stored prior to export in a bonded warehouse ), or taxes can be claimed back when they are exported (see VAT ). Such exemption also applies to goods supplied for use on ships and aircraft, because they are consumed outside the country. Businesses supplying such goods can do so tax- and duty-free. Goods sold to passengers on board ships or aircraft are tax free. The passenger can either consume them on board, or import them tax-free into

3234-417: The inconvenience of having to carry these items around the world but also solves the security problem mentioned above. Other countries such as Canada and Sweden have been considering duty-free on arrival. The European Union does not permit arrivals duty-free stores; some EU airports sell goods on arrival in the baggage claim area described as "Tax-Free", but these goods are all tax-paid sales, the local sales tax

3300-473: The last transit port, as otherwise they may have it confiscated by security when they board at the transit port, as they will be exceeding the current limit on liquids in hand baggage. This does not apply to passengers transferring within the EU and Singapore on the same day, as long as the liquid item is sealed in a plastic security bag with the receipt showing in the bag. Arrivals duty-free shops are now becoming more common. Most of South and Central America, and

3366-537: The mall if a customer wishes to exchange currencies into Philippine pesos or US dollars. Credits cards can also be used for purchasing goods. In Australia, duty-free shops, once common, have all but disappeared since the introduction of GST in 2000. Retailer James Richardson operates several duty-free shops in major cities, but most duty-free shops are now located within international airports. Residents and tourists are allowed to purchase virtually any physical good within 60 days of departure, which needs to be taken on

SECTION 50

#1733085989033

3432-510: The nearby Detroit–Windsor Tunnel , preventing monopoly status, the route is of significant value since it passes directly through major metropolitan areas. The aforementioned tunnel prohibits certain vehicles. In 2010 and 2011, the Wayne County Circuit Court found the Detroit International Bridge Company in contempt for failing to directly connect bridge access roads to I-75 and I-96, and making other required improvements as part of

3498-475: The new bridge would affect its proposal for a second span which would be built next to the Ambassador Bridge. Michigan and Canadian authorities continued to support the Gordie Howe International Bridge proposal, as it directly connects the Canadian E.C. Row Expressway and the 2015 extension of Ontario Highway 401 (which runs concurrently as a shared highway for 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to

3564-518: The new span. As of 2021, construction cannot proceed until current bridge owner Matthew Moroun addresses a "conflict" with the bridge's permit issued for the Canadian side by Transport Canada in 2017. The Coast Guard permit was granted on the condition that the existing Ambassador Bridge would be retained and rehabilitated, while the Transport Canada permit was granted on the condition that the existing bridge would be dismantled and removed. In 2022,

3630-521: The outward flight, and claim the GST component back through the Tourist Refund Scheme when passing through customs. Consumers are now free to fully use their items prior to departure. This is in contrast prior to 2000, where all purchases had to be packed by the duty-free store in a sealed clear plastic bag , and could only be broken open by customs staff just prior to departure. Any traveller living in

3696-644: The passengers' home address for the same reason. Proof of travel may be requested at the checkout point to prevent airport employees from making personal purchases. Some countries or districts, including Argentina , Australia , Brazil , Chile , China , Colombia , Iceland , Italy , Iran , India , Jamaica , Kenya , Lebanon , Malaysia , New Zealand , Norway , Panama , Philippines , Sri Lanka , Switzerland , Taiwan , Turkey , United Arab Emirates and Uzbekistan have inwards duty-free facilities, where arriving passengers can purchase duty-free items immediately before going through customs. This not only saves

3762-548: The pathways in Windsor parks. The Ambassador Bridge is the busiest crossing on the Canada–United States border . The four-lane bridge carries more than 10,000 commercial vehicles on a typical weekday. The Gateway Project , a major redesign of the U.S. plaza completed in July 2009, provides direct access to Interstate 96 (I-96) and I-75 on the American side and Ontario Highway 3 on the Canadian side. The Canadian end of

3828-486: The project. The bridge was constructed with investment from Detroit business people incorporated as the Detroit International Bridge Corporation. Much later Berkshire Hathaway acquired a quarter of the shares before selling to another investor in the company, local trucking entrepreneur Manuel Moroun . Moroun continued buying further, eventually privatizing it. In April 1930, shortly after

3894-562: The refund. The stamped forms and receipts can then be sent back to the retailers, or their agents, for a refund. In most cases, a minimum purchase applies to use the tax-free shopping scheme. The actual amount of VAT reclaimable depends on the VAT rate applicable in the particular country to the goods purchased, and may be subject to a deduction for administration fees. Travelers on long-haul routes with at least one transit stop between their departure airport and destination airport should be careful to purchase their duty-free alcohol or perfume at

3960-592: The same alignment as Ouellette. The road is quite busy and is used mostly by cars, as trucks longer than 45 feet cannot fit around the curve on the American side of the Detroit Tunnel, and the Ambassador Bridge tends to be clogged. Ouellette Avenue first began as the original alignment of Highway 3 from 1920, terminating at the International Ferry Dock between Ouellette Avenue and Dougall Avenue, in downtown Windsor. This remained until July 10, 1929, when

4026-464: The same system. The goods must be exported intact (they cannot be consumed in the country of sale), and they are importing into the destination country under that country's own tax rules. In some countries, in order to ensure that goods are exported intact, they are hand-delivered in a closed bag to the passenger at the gate after their ticket is scanned. In the United States, duty-free shops are technically considered class 9 Bonded Warehouses with regard to

SECTION 60

#1733085989033

4092-438: The shopping destination. Merchants may pay inventory/business or other taxes, but their customers usually pay none directly. The mere absence of duty or other taxes on goods being sold does not assure that they are bargains. Costs of identical goods from different duty-free sources can vary widely. They often depend on the presence or absence of nearby competition, e.g., airport stores, especially if all at any airport are owned by

4158-423: The world (mainly from United States, Asia and Australasia ) and are not found in any other shopping malls in the country, aside from duty-free malls. Tourists, visitors and returning citizens of Philippines often pay a visit to this mall shortly after their arrival (since only arriving passengers and their companions are allowed access). In order to gain entry, a passport is needed to be presented and registered at

4224-529: The world's first duty-free shop at Shannon Airport in Ireland in 1947; it remains in operation today. Designed to provide a service for trans-Atlantic airline passengers typically travelling between Europe and North America whose flights stopped for refuelling on outbound and inbound legs of their journeys, it was an immediate success and has been copied worldwide. Thirteen years later, two American entrepreneurs, Charles Feeney and Robert Warren Miller , founded what

4290-567: The world's largest travel retailer . In 1996 LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton acquired the interests of Feeney and two other shareholders and as of 2012 jointly owned DFS with Miller. In this same period, several locales grew as duty-free shopping destinations. They are exemplified by Saint Martin and the US Virgin Islands in the Caribbean, Hong Kong and Singapore. Still others claim prices competitive to duty-free. Generally, goods are free of duty and tax levied on imports for sale anywhere in

4356-580: Was officially turned back in 1975, the connecting link status remained in place until January 1, 1998, when the connecting link status was repealed, and the road was officially retired as a provincially-maintained highway . Ouellette Avenue serves as an access to downtown Windsor and to the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel. The road is also the main path for the Windsor-Detroit International Freedom Festival 's Parade , and for

#32967