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35-513: Ostrów Tumski (originally meaning "cathedral island") may refer to the following city quarters in Poland: Ostrów Tumski, Poznań Ostrów Tumski, Wrocław Ostrów Tumski, Głogów [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

70-476: A state of his own. A similar situation occurred in Pomerania . In 1037 both the young prince and his mother returned to Poland and attempted to seize the throne. This precipitated a rebellion by local barons, which coupled with the so-called " Pagan Reaction " of the commoners, forced Casimir and Richeza to flee to Saxony . However, soon Casimir returned to Poland and in 1038, once again, tried to regain power with

105-519: A treaty at Regensburg (1042) in which he renounced his claims to all Polish lands except for Silesia , which was to be incorporated into the Bohemian Kingdom. It was Casimir's success in strengthening royal power and ending internal strife that earned him the epithet of "the Restorer". The treaty gained Casimir a period of peace on the southern border and the capital of Poland was moved to Kraków ,

140-576: A war against Masovia and seized the land. It is probable that he also defeated Miecław's allies from Pomerania and attached Gdańsk to Poland. This secured his power in central Poland. Three years later, against the will of the Emperor, Casimir seized Bohemian-controlled Silesia, thus securing most of his father's domain. In 1054 in Quedlinburg , the Emperor ruled that Silesia was to remain in Poland in exchange for

175-463: A yearly tribute of 117 kg. of silver and 7 kg. of gold. At that time Casimir was focused on internal matters. To strengthen his rule he re-created the bishopric in Kraków and Wrocław and erected the new Wawel Cathedral . During Casimir's rule heraldry was introduced into Poland and, unlike his predecessors, he promoted landed gentry over the drużyna as his base of power. One of his reforms

210-415: Is estimated that in the later 10th century the population of the fortified settlement was about 200. At the start of the 11th century the settlement was rebuilt (and enlarged) after suffering destruction caused by a flood, one of many which would periodically affect Poznań throughout history. In 1038 the invading Bretislaus I, Duke of Bohemia , sacked and burnt the settlement. It was rebuilt under Casimir I

245-490: Is listed as one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments ( Pomnik historii ), as designated November 28, 2008, along with other portions of the city's historic core. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland . In the current administrative division of Poznań , Ostrów Tumski is part of an osiedle which also includes the neighbourhoods of Śródka , Zawady and Komandoria, all on

280-527: The Bishop Jordan Bridge was opened to provide another crossing, for pedestrians only, between Ostrów Tumski and Śródka (in the place where the bridge between those districts had previously existed until 1969). The Poznań tourist trail called the Royal-Imperial Route passes through Ostrów Tumski via this bridge. Ostrów Tumski today contains the cathedral and associated ecclesiastic buildings in

315-639: The Red Army captured the city from its Nazi German occupiers. Ostrów Tumski itself fell on 16 February, seven days before the final capitulation of the German forces in the city. The most damage was suffered by the cathedral, which was rebuilt after the war. It was decided to rebuild it in the older Gothic style, rather than in the Baroque and Neoclassical styles which had characterized the building since its previous rebuildings after 1622 and 1772. By this time Ostrów Tumski

350-475: The 10th-century settlement, those built by Lubrański in the early 16th century, and the 19th-century Prussian fortifications (which also included water defences). The railway across the island was originally a section of the line from Poznań to Bydgoszcz which opened in 1872; it now also carries trains running on the lines to Warsaw and Wągrowiec . Ostrów Tumski suffered damage in the Battle of Poznań (1945) , when

385-477: The Emperor by another means. At the time of his father's death in 1034, Casimir was about 18 years old and in Germany at the court of his uncle Archbishop Hermann II of Cologne. The central district of Greater Poland ( Wielkopolska ) revolted against the nobles and Catholic clergy en masse . A pagan revival in the area lasted for several years. The district of Masovia seceded and a local lord, Miecław , formed

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420-534: The Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II , whose forces attacked Poland and regained Lusatia . Years of chaos and conflict followed, during which Mieszko II was forced to cede the throne to Bezprym in 1031, fled to Bohemia, was imprisoned by Duke Oldřich and castrated, returned to rule a portion of the kingdom, eventually regained the kingdom, and then died in May 1034 under suspicious circumstances. Sometime during

455-607: The Restorer , but the country's capital was now moved to Kraków , and the Greater Poland settlements of Poznań and Gniezno lost their primary political importance. With the building of the Royal Castle and the walled city of Poznań on the left bank of the Warta in the second half of the 13th century, Ostrów Tumski became the exclusive domain of the bishops. Sometime before 1335 it obtained separate town rights. A separate settlement on

490-448: The Warta and Cybina rivers played an important part in these plans. Weirs were built on either side of Ostrów Tumski, and forts were also built on the island itself. The course of the Cybina was altered to provide increased protection for the fortifications, resulting in its joining the Warta further north than previously. For details of these works, see Festung Posen . Unlike the majority of

525-547: The Warta was diverted to flow in the channel east of Chwaliszewo (the previous main stream being filled in), and a second branch of the Warta was created to connect with the Cybina. Also a new main road was built from east to west across the island just south of the cathedral, connecting to the city center to the west via the Bolesław Chrobry Bridge, and to Śródka to the east via the Mieszko I Bridge. On 7 December 2007,

560-464: The aide of his influential mother. This also failed and he had to flee again, this time to the Kingdom of Hungary where he was imprisoned by Stephen I . Richeza remained in Germany as a nun until her death, in 1063. Taking advantage of the chaos and his neighbour's weakness, Duke Bretislaus I of Bohemia invaded and ravaged the country in 1039. Lesser and Greater Poland were severely pillaged, Poznań

595-431: The central part of the island, the residential neighborhood of Zagórze to the south (including an estate of communal houses dating from the 1920s), and a cogeneration plant and other industrial areas in the north. Apart from the bridges already mentioned, there is also a road bridge connecting to the northern part of the island from the east, and rail bridges carrying Poznań's main eastbound railway line, which passes across

630-456: The east side of the river. Ostrów Tumski was formerly one of several adjacent islands formed between branches of the Warta and Cybina rivers close to their confluence . To the south-west were the islands of Chwaliszewo and Grobla; the main stream of the Warta flowed between these. The first known fortified settlement ( gród ) on Ostrów Tumski dates from the 8th or 9th century. In the 10th century

665-463: The fortifications of left-bank Poznań, those on Ostrów Tumski were not demolished at the start of the 20th century and mostly survived until the 1950s. Still in existence are the remains of Fort Roon on the site of the cogeneration plant in the north of the island, as well those of the wall and western bridgehead of Dom Schleuse ("Cathedral Lock") north-east of the cathedral. Various fortifications have therefore been built on Ostrów Tumski: those of

700-705: The increased power of the Bohemian ruler) gave him military and financial support. Casimir received a force of 1,000 heavy footmen and a significant amount of gold to restore his power in Poland. Casimir also signed an alliance with Yaroslav I the Wise , the Prince of Kievan Rus' , who was linked with him through Casimir's marriage with Yaroslav's sister, Maria Dobroniega. With this support, Casimir returned to Poland and managed to retake most of his domain. In 1041, Bretislaus, defeated in his second attempted invasion by Emperor Henry III, signed

735-481: The island to the south of the cathedral became known as Zagórze. Of particular importance for the development of the island was Jan Lubrański , bishop of Poznań from 1498 until his death in 1520 (he was also a lawyer and diplomat). In 1518 he founded the Lubrański Academy , which served as an institution of higher education (but without the right to award degrees) until 1780. Its building was built in 1518–1530 to

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770-405: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostrów_Tumski&oldid=542410133 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ostr%C3%B3w Tumski, Pozna%C5%84 The site

805-552: The northern part of the island. Buildings of interest in the historic central part of Ostrów Tumski include: 52°24′42″N 16°56′55″E  /  52.41167°N 16.94861°E  / 52.41167; 16.94861 Casimir I the Restorer Casimir I the Restorer ( Polish : Kazimierz I Odnowiciel ; 25 July 1016 – 19 March 1058), a member of the Piast dynasty , was the duke of Poland from 1040 until his death. Casimir

840-658: The only major Polish city untouched by the wars. It is probable that the Holy Roman Emperor was pleased with the balance of power that had been restored to the region and forced Casimir not to crown himself the King of Poland. In 1046 Emperor Henry III held royal and imperial courts at Merseburg and Meissen , at which he ended the strife among the Duke of Pomerania ( Dux Bomeraniorum ), Duke Bretislaus of Bohemia , and Casimir I. In 1047 Casimir, aided by his Kievan brother-in-law, started

875-499: The reign of Bezprym, Casimir and his sisters were taken by their mother to Germany (her native land) for refuge. It has been reported that Queen Richeza brought the Polish royal crown and regalia to Emperor Conrad II at Bezprym's request to indicate his acceptance of the primacy of his western neighbor, although the Queen could have taken them for safekeeping, or they could have been brought to

910-619: The royal court of Poland in Gniezno . In order to acquire a proper education, he was sent to one of the Polish monasteries in 1026. According to some older sources he initially wanted to have a career in the Church (it is probable that he held the post of oblate ) and even asked for a dispensation to become a monk. This hypothesis, however, is not supported by modern historians. Regardless, he left church work indefinitely in 1031. Casimir's father, Mieszko II ,

945-458: The settlement on the island became one of the main political centres of the Piast domains, which in turn formed the hub of the early Polish state . Archaeological work carried out in 1999 revealed that the ducal palace stood on the site now occupied by the Church of the Virgin Mary (west of the cathedral). The palace was joined to a chapel , believed to be the first Christian temple in Poland. It

980-617: The start of the 18th century, and the remainder demolished in the 19th century during the building of the Prussian fortifications. The cathedral, which had been rebuilt in Gothic style in the 14th and 15th centuries, was seriously damaged by a fire in 1622, after which it was rebuilt in Baroque style. After another major fire in 1772, rebuilding was carried out in Neoclassical style. The Poznań region

1015-414: The west of the cathedral (today the archdiocese museum). Lubrański also built a Psalmodists' House, originally for 12 psalm singers (this building also survives). He also constructed water pipes and paved streets, and in 1504–1512 built defensive walls around the central part of the island. The walls were not as high or imposing as the walls around the left-bank city of Poznań; they were mostly taken down at

1050-473: Was captured, and Bretislaus sacked Gniezno , taking the relics of Saint Adalbert , Radim Gaudentius , and the five hermit brothers with him. On the way back he conquered part of Silesia, including Wrocław , destroyed religious buildings which were built by Mieszko I during the feast of the conversion of Poland, and plundered Mieszko I's tomb. After initially escaping to Hungary, Casimir went to Germany, where in 1039 his relative Emperor Henry III (who feared

1085-504: Was crowned King of Poland in 1025 after the death of his father, Bolesław the Brave . However, the powerful magnates of the country feared a strong central government like the one that existed under Bolesław I's rule. This led to considerable friction between the King and the nobility. Taking advantage of the King's precarious situation, Mieszko II's older half-brother Bezprym and younger brother Otto turned against him and allied themselves with

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1120-466: Was no longer, in fact, an island; the Berdychowo Dam blocked the stream of the Warta which had once flowed between Ostrów Tumski and Chwaliszewo (this now served as a flood relief channel), as well as the stream between the Warta and Cybina which had formed the island's south-eastern edge. However work carried out in the 1960s made Ostrów Tumski into a true island, as it remains today – the main stream of

1155-465: Was probably first used by Dobrawa , the wife of Mieszko I , and her Bohemian attendants – Mieszko himself was baptised in 966 (see Baptism of Poland ). With the Polish ruler's adoption of Christianity the state received its first missionary bishop, Jordan , who is believed to have made Poznań his seat. The first cathedral was also built in this period. (For more detail about the history and architecture of this building, see Poznań Cathedral .) It

1190-489: Was taken over by Prussia in the Second Partition of Poland of 1793. According to figures compiled in the following year, the population of Ostrów Tumski at that time was 304. In 1800 Ostrów Tumski, as well as other suburbs, were officially incorporated into the city of Poznań (Posen) . In the 19th century, the Prussian authorities aimed to make Poznań into a fortress city by surrounding it with defensive fortifications;

1225-458: Was the son of Mieszko II Lambert and Richeza of Lotharingia . He is known as the Restorer because he managed to reunite parts of the Kingdom of Poland after a period of turmoil. He reincorporated Masovia , and conquered Silesia and Pomerania . However, he failed to crown himself King of Poland , mainly because of internal and external threats to his rule. Relatively little is known of Casimir's early life. He must have spent his childhood at

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