Ostrów Mazowiecka ( [ˈɔstruf mazɔˈvʲɛt͡ska] ; Yiddish : אָסטרעווע , romanized : Ostrova ) is a town in eastern Poland with 23,486 inhabitants (2004). It is the capital of Ostrów Mazowiecka County in Masovian Voivodeship .
15-462: Ostrów was granted town rights in 1434 by Duke Bolesław IV of Warsaw . Its name comes from the Old Polish word ostrowa . In 1461 a parish school was founded in the town. In 1514, Duchess Anna Radziwiłł , who is commemorated in the town with a monument, established four annual fairs and a weekly market, boosting the development of Ostrów. In the 16th century Polish King Sigismund II Augustus built
30-672: A borough (or burgh ) was distinguished from the countryside by means of a charter from the ruling monarch that defined its privileges and laws . Common privileges involved trade (marketplace, the storing of goods, etc.) and the establishment of guilds . Some of these privileges were permanent and could imply that the town obtained the right to be called a borough , hence the term "borough rights" ( German : Stadtrecht ; Dutch : stadsrechten ). Some degree of self-government , representation by diet , and tax-relief could also be granted. Multiple tiers existed; for example, in Sweden ,
45-659: A Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s. The NKVD and UB repressed members of the Polish resistance movement and began arresting and deporting them to the Soviet Union in September 1944. Many members of the Home Army soon returned to the underground and continued their resistance against the communists. Ostrów Mazowiecka is located at
60-813: A residence in Ostrów. Ostrów was a Polish royal town , administratively located in the Masovian Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. The town's inhabitants took part in the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794; however, the following year it was annexed by Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland . In 1807 it was included in the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw , and in 1815 it became part of so-called Congress Poland within
75-590: The Russian Partition of Poland. Many inhabitants took part in several battles of the Polish January Uprising of 1863–1864 against Russia, and an insurgent hospital was located in Ostrów. Ostrów was subjected to anti-Polish repressions, was one of the sites of Russian executions of Polish insurgents, and there are memorials at the execution sites. Despite such circumstances, in the following decades, various Polish organizations were founded in Ostrów. In
90-455: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Polska Organizacja Zbrojna " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try
105-447: The 19th century, the town saw a significant influx of Jewish settlers as a result of Russian discriminatory policies , and according to the 1897 census, 5,660 inhabitants out of 10,471 were Jews. During World War I , it was occupied by Germany , and after the war, in 1918, it became part of restored independent Poland. In 1919 a reserve battalion of the Polish 15th Wolves Infantry Regiment
120-532: The Home Army blew up the headquarters of the German Arbeitsamt in retaliation for round-ups and deportations of the local population for forced labour . On May 25, 1943, the Polish resistance successfully assassinated the chief of the local German administration, in retaliation for which the Germans massacred about 140 Poles. The German occupation ended in 1944, and Ostrów was restored to Poland, although with
135-868: The Jews of starting the fire. On 11 November (though according to other sources, on 10 November) 500–800 Jews were killed by the German police in the Ostrów Mazowiecka massacre . The Polish underground resistance movement was organized already in autumn of 1939. The first resistance organizations in the area were Service for Poland's Victory , Organizacja Wojskowa [ pl ] , Organizacja Wojskowa „Wilki” [ pl ] , National Military Organization , Secret Polish Army , Polska Organizacja Zbrojna [ pl ] , Komenda Obrońców Polski [ pl ] , Polska Niepodległa [ pl ] . Major Eugeniusz Mieszkowski nom de guerre Ostry unified
150-425: The basic royal charter establishing a borough enabled trade, but not foreign trade, which required a higher-tier charter granting staple right . This European history –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article relating to the law of Europe or of a European country is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Polska Organizacja Zbrojna From Misplaced Pages,
165-929: The 💕 Look for Polska Organizacja Zbrojna on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Polska Organizacja Zbrojna in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use
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#1733084667464180-487: The intersection of Polish S8 and S61 highways. Ostrów Mazowiecka is twinned with: Town rights Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the traditions of the self-administration of Roman cities. Judicially,
195-526: The resistance organizations into a district of the Home Army under the cryptonym "Opocznik" (" wheatear "). It covered the Ostrów County, and was divided into five centers, one of which was located in the town. In addition to typical military, sabotage, and intelligence activities, the resistance movement also organized secret Polish education and issued and distributed underground Polish press. On May 1, 1943,
210-493: Was captured by Germany on September 8, 1939, and in mid-September the Einsatzgruppe V entered the town to commit various atrocities against the population . Already on 19 September the Germans arrested nine Poles , including chairmen of local veterans' organizations Włodzimierz Gadomski and Jan Radbalski. On 9 November 1939, one of the German soldiers set fire to the buildings on 3-ego Maja Street. The German authorities accused
225-594: Was stationed in Ostrów Mazowiecka. It trained Polish soldiers to reinforce the 15th Wolves Infantry Regiment during the Polish–Soviet War . In 1920 a battle was fought on the town's outskirts during the Polish–Soviet War. After the war, the battalion with the entire regiment was relocated to Dęblin in 1921. During the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland , which started World War II , Ostrów Mazowiecka
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