31-425: Oscarito, stage name of Oscar Lorenzo Jacinto de la Inmaculada Concepción Teresa Diaz (August 16, 1906 – August 4, 1970) was a Spanish-Brazilian actor, considered to be one of the most popular comedians of Brazil. Born in a family of circus comedians, came to Brazil when he was one year old, but only became a naturalized citizen in 1949. Made his debut in the circus at age five in 1914, where he learned to play
62-443: A Brazilian actor is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Spanish immigration to Brazil Spanish emigration peaked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and it was concentrated to Argentina , Uruguay and Cuba . Between 1882 and 1930, 3,297,312 Spaniards emigrated, of whom 1,594,622 went to Argentina and 1,118,960 went to Cuba. Brazil only started to be an important destination for immigrants from Spain in
93-596: A higher rate of permanent residence in Brazil, overtaken by the Japanese but above nationalities such as Portuguese, Italian or German. This may be due to the large number of families traveling with passage paid by the Brazilian government that left their native Spain to work on coffee plantations of the state of São Paulo. Most Spaniards entered Brazil between 1880 and 1930, with the peak period between 1905 and 1919, when they overcome
124-476: A one way ticket, as of 2023. Most of the buses have wheelchair lifts and a few have monitors that broadcast videos about the city and education. The lines are all connected by terminais (terminals), what makes the users' transportation faster and cheaper since there is free circulation in the terminals to the linhas alimentadoras (feeding lines), which carry the passengers from the terminals to their respective destinations [1] . Regular users can register and use
155-399: A passage by ship to Cuba and Argentina, the poorest ones, and took advantage of the offer of free travel to Brazil. For the wretched Spanish peasants, the free passage by ship offered by the Brazilian government seemed a great opportunity to leave poverty. The Spanish community was present in all São Paulo . According to a 1933 research, the largest concentration of Spaniards was found in
186-584: A steep population growth, in large part fueled by a shift of residents from the megalopolis of São Paulo, seeking better living conditions. The region burst onto the national stage with the production of grapes, especially with the "pink" variety of the Niagara grape. To stimulate the production of grapes, with the support of the Associação Agrícola de Jundiaí e Prefeitura (Agriculture Association of Jundiaí and Town Hall), in 1934 Antenor Soares Gandra created
217-439: Is a historical area amongst the rivers Jundiai, Guapeva and Mato. It is an affluent neighborhood with fancy houses, gardens and a traditional small community business. Paulista is the city's football (soccer) club. The team, which plays at Jayme Cintra Stadium , was the champion of Copa do Brasil 2005 (Cup of Brazil). In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo . In July 1998, this company
248-462: The coffee plantations, mainly in rural areas of São Paulo State . The profile of the Spanish immigrants during the period 1908–26 shows that only 17.3% immigrated without the family, 81.4% were farmers, only 2.2% were artisans or skilled workers and 16.3% were in category of "others". These data reflect that the Spanish immigration was not very diversified and qualified and had a low mobility since it
279-452: The floor and in tiny houses and also reported that the abuses in labour relations were frequent. He concluded that 98% of the Spaniards in Brazil would return to Spain if they could. Three weeks after the publication of that report, Spanish newspaper Gaceta de Madrid proposed a ban on Spanish emigration to Brazil. The newspapers remembered that Italy and Germany had already passed laws on
310-619: The ganchos , used to leave their lands in Andaluzia and travel to Gibraltar in poor conditions. Once in Gibraltar they could take several days to take a ship to Brazil. Once in São Paulo, they were employed in coffee farms under terrible working conditions. The main area of destination for Spaniards was the state of São Paulo, although the percentages of attraction to this state vary between 66% and 78% in different sources. The second largest contingent
341-589: The 1880s, but the country received the third largest number of Spanish emigrants, behind only the two aforementioned countries. Spaniards also made up the third largest national group to immigrate to Brazil, after the Italians and Portuguese . Between 1840 and 1849, only 10 Spaniards immigrated to Brazil; 180 did so between 1850 and 1859; 633 between 1860 and 1869; and 3,940 between 1870 and 1879. The number of arrivals increased significantly between 1880 and 1889, when 29,166 Spaniards arrived. Spanish immigration to Brazil
SECTION 10
#1732872545653372-570: The Brazilian government, emigrated in families and were taken to the coffee farms to replace the African slave manpower. In 1910 the penury faced by those emigrants in the coffee farms made the Spanish government to ban the free emigration by ship to Brazil. This act had little importance, because the emigrants, who were mostly from East Andaluzia, used to emigrate to Brazil though the Port of Gibraltar , between North Africa and Spain. The immigrants, attracted by
403-616: The Festa da Uva (Grape Festival), not to be confused with a festival of the same name in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul . Since 1964 the Festa da Uva is celebrated every even-numbered year, alternating with the Festa do Morango (Strawberry Festival) in the park Parque Comendador Antonio Carbonari but most known as the Parque da Uva (Grape Park). The first Festa do Morango was in 1965 in the Poste neighborhood of
434-573: The Freguesia de Nossa Senhora do Desterro ("The Parish of Our Lady of the Landless"). The municipality was officially founded on December 14, 1655, when it was elevated to the category of village. Its first urbanization was carried out in 1657. Jundiaí has borders with Várzea Paulista , Campo Limpo Paulista , Franco da Rocha , Cajamar , Pirapora do Bom Jesus , Cabreúva , Itupeva , Louveira , Vinhedo , Itatiba and Jarinu . Formerly spelled Jundiahy,
465-537: The Northwest and in those areas the towns with most Spaniards were Tanabi , Mirassol , Nova Granada (named after the Spanish city of Granada ), São José do Rio Preto and Olímpia . The city of São Paulo had 50,000 Spaniards. The 1913 census in Santos found a population of 8,343 Spaniards out of a population of 39,802 people. In 1931 there were 11,982 Spaniards in that city, out of a population of 125,941 people (or 9.51% of
496-546: The city is 423,006 (2020 est.), with an area of 431.21 km². The elevation is 761 m. The GDP of the city is U$ 16.6 billion (R$ 36.6 billion). The budget for 2013 is U$ 787 million (R$ 1.63 billion), according to the official data of the City Hall. The locally most-accepted history of the first non-native American colonizers of the locale were Rafael de Oliveira and Petronilha Rodrigues Antunes who fled São Paulo for political reasons and who in 1615 then founded what became known as
527-559: The city. Later, because of the increase in agriculture participants and of the public interest, the event was transferred to the Parque Comendador Antonio Carbonari. The Serra do Japi (Japi mountain range), situated southeast of the city, is a state park that has a natural reserve with one of the largest forested areas in the state of São Paulo, with beautiful landscapes and many opportunities for ecotourism, large hotel-farms and extreme sports. The Jundiahy section
558-468: The coffee plantations and to buy their own lands. It is estimated that since Brazil's independence (1822) some 750,000 Spaniards have entered Brazil. This figure represents between 12.5% and 14% of all foreigners entering Brazil since its independence and puts the Spaniards in the third place among immigrants in Brazil, behind the Portuguese and Italians. Immigrants of Spanish origin were among those who had
589-458: The country in order to persuade Spaniards to immigrate to Brazil. The Brazilian government offered the free travel by ship to Brazil, and that was decisive in attracting immigrants. Brazil was a country far less attractive than Argentina and Cuba, countries with which the Spaniards maintained cultural relations. Moreover, the working conditions in Brazil were much worse. Thus, the Spaniards who emigrated to Brazil were those who could not afford to pay
620-446: The entry of Italians. In all Brazilian states, the immigrants from Galicia predominated, and those were predominantly males , who emigrated alone, settled in urban centers and paid for their passage by ship. The only exception was the state of São Paulo, destination for the vast majority of the Spaniards, around 75% of the total. In São Paulo, 60% were from Andaluzia, and only 20% from Galicia. Those had their passage by ship paid by
651-549: The high presence of Galicians), the ease with which both Spanish men and women married Brazilians: 64.7% of Spanish men married Brazilian women and 47.2% of Spanish women married Brazilian men. There is one Spanish international school in Brazil, Colégio Miguel de Cervantes in São Paulo. Jundia%C3%AD Jundiaí is a municipality in the state of São Paulo , in the Southeast Region of Brazil , located 57 kilometres (35 mi) north of São Paulo . The population of
SECTION 20
#1732872545653682-657: The name of the town comes from the Tupi language , jundiá means "fish with barbs" (the Rhamdia quelen species) and í means river. Loosely translated, it means "Catfish River ." The city received massive numbers of Italian immigrants in the late 19th century and early 20th century, making most of the city's inhabitants of Italian descent, which constitutes about 75% of the city's population. Amongst other immigrant groups, there are: Portuguese, Spanish, German and small amounts of Hungarian and Slavic peoples. Recently, Jundiaí has enjoyed
713-419: The region of Catanduva , Rio Preto , Araraquara , Santa Adélia etc., with 108,000 Spaniards. Next was the central part of the state in cities such as Campinas , Sorocaba , Itu and Jundiaí , with 28,000. Northwest São Paulo, in cities such as Bauru , Araçatuba and Marília had 45,000 Spaniards. This way, about 75% of the Spanish community in São Paulo was concentrated in the region of Araraquara and in
744-442: The subject and that Portugal was trying to conduct its immigrants to other countries rather than Brazil. Finally, on August 26, 1910, Spain issued a royal decree prohibiting the free emigration to Brazil. The decree did not have any effect and, curiously, the Spanish immigration to Brazil peaked after it was issued. Other reports suggest that there was a thriving Spanish community in Brazil, particularly those who were able to leave
775-477: The total population). Reports that Spanish immigrants were living in appalling conditions in Brazil made Spain, in 1909, sent to Brazil the Inspector Gamboa Navarro in order to assess the situation of the Spaniards in the country. Navarro made a report, which showed that employment contracts were "illusory", because they were not respected. In coffee plantations, he wrote that the immigrants slept on
806-514: The violin, besides being a clown, trapeze artist, acrobat and actor. Made his debut in the revues in 1932, in the play Calma, Gegê , satirizing dictator Getúlio Vargas . Made his debut in the cinema in Noites Cariocas (1935), although he had been an extra in a previous film ( A Voz do Carnaval , 1933). He reached utmost fame with the comic duo he formed with Grande Otelo , in comedies directed by Carlos Manga and Watson Macedo . He
837-492: Was a direct result of the efforts of the Brazilian government to attract European workers to the country, in order to “ whiten ” the Brazilian population and to replace the African manpower. The Brazilian government spent large amounts of money paying passages of European immigrants by ship (subsidized immigration). A huge propaganda was conducted by the Brazilian government in Spain, with agents that worked for it ( ganchos ) who went to
868-547: Was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable). The Jundiaí Airport serves the city and region for small airplanes. Jundiaí has a connection in the Jundiaí station with Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (CPTM). It has a system of public transportation that costs R$ 5,00 (USD 0,97) for
899-503: Was deployed in Rio de Janeiro , while other states such as Minas Gerais , Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, Mato Grosso , Pará and Bahia received smaller groups. Most Spaniards in Brazil came from the Galicia and Andalusia regions of Spain. Galician smallholders settled mainly in urban areas of Brazil. Starting in the early 20th century, most Spanish immigrants were Andalusian peasants who worked in
930-577: Was married to Margot Louro and had two children, José Carlos and Mirian Thereza. In the morning of July 15, 1970, he suffered a stroke and was hospitalized, already in a coma. He died on August 4. His body was laid in the main hall of the Assembleia Legislativa do Rio de Janeiro , with the presence of more than two thousand people. The burial had the presence of five hundred people in the Cemitério São João Batista. This article about
961-570: Was subsidized by the Brazilian Government, then the immigrants were not free to decide where to work. In this way, the vast majority of those who came to São Paulo were directly taken to the coffee farms without having the opportunity to settle rural communities as land owners, or work in urban jobs. One factor that contributed to the more rapid process of assimilation and acculturation of the community of Spanish origin in Brazil was, in addition to linguistic and cultural proximity (accentuated by