The Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly ( Russian : Оренбургское магометанское духовное собрание ) was a state-controlled religious administration in the Russian Empire that had jurisdiction over certain aspects of Islamic activity in Siberia , the Volga-Ural region , and parts of Central Asia , including the Kazakh steppe . It was established in 1788 by order of Russian Empress Catherine II .
14-649: It was one of several religious bodies created in the Russian Empire, forming state-allied 'clergies' to manage non-Orthodox religions. In 1791, the similar Tauride Muslim Spiritual Authority was created, presiding over Crimean Tatars. In the 1830s, the Department of Religious Affairs gave support to the Orenburg Assembly in religious disputes with the Hanafi and Sufi schools of thought The Kazakhs were removed from
28-581: A kind of regent 's office, run by Count Arakcheyev from 1815 and until the death of Alexander I of Russia . Under Nicholas I , the Chancellery was transformed into a large administrative body, on par with the Committee of Ministers and the Governing Senate . Since 1826, the Chancellery was divided into several sections ( sl. otdeleniye): Starting with 1880, the latter five sections were transferred to
42-491: A letter supporting Khusainov, and in effect granting him legal immunity, charges over Khusainov's abuse of power continued for the duration of his time as mufti. Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire ( Russian : Министерство внутренних дел Российской империи , romanized : Ministerstvo vnutrennikh del Rossiyskoy imperiyi )
56-604: Is determined not only by the multiplicity, variety and importance of its functions, but also by the fact that it is primarily responsible for the police , and the compulsory implementation of all orders of the government in general, no matter which ministry it refers to, was carried out, as a general rule by the police. His Imperial Majesty%27s Own Chancellery His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery or H.I.M. Own Chancellery ( Russian : Собственная Его Императорского Величества канцелярия, Собственная Е.И.В. канцелярия ) began as personal chancellery of Paul I and grew into
70-457: Is to administer strictly religious matters, and not to touch secular ones, except when the administrations sees fit to use him for these". According to an 1802 decree the mufti could not make any decisions without the consent of his deputies, however this was rarely followed by Khusainov. The first mufti was constantly dogged with lawsuits and complaints concerning bribery, swindling, and failure to follow salat . Though Emperor Alexander I sent
84-459: The Russian Empire concentrated in its hands a wide variety of tasks, both of the security police and the welfare police. On, 20 [ O.S. 1802] September, the manifesto published by Alexander I named “On the establishment of ministries” was approved. Along with others ministries, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs was also created. The first Minister of Internal Affairs
98-604: The assembly's jurisdiction in the 1860s as part of a policy to decrease the exposure of the Kazakhs to Tartar influence. According to statistics from 1883, the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly presided over 4,093 mosques, 7,341 ulema , and 2.14 million Muslims. The head position in the assembly was mufti , under whom there were 5 or 6 qazis . The role of the mufti was established in the assembly's founding documents of 1788, however neither his social status or
112-493: The competence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, although it partially narrowed. So, in 1826, the "special office" of the former Minister of Police was allocated to an independent III department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery ; the care of the state and national economy was partly left to the ministries of finance and state property. On the other hand, in 1832, the main department of spiritual affairs of foreign confessions
126-566: The former third branch of the His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery was attached to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the minister was entrusted with the administration of the gendarme corps as chief of the gendarmes. Since 1843, the Ministry of Internal Affairs has been in charge of the statistical department; in 1861, a special Zemsky department was formed under it; the provision of July 12, 1889 on zemstvo district commanders granted him judicial and judicial oversight functions. Head of
140-433: The prison part was transferred in 1895 from the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the Ministry of Justice. In 1880, a special Ministry was formed, combining such diverse parts as the post office and the spiritual affairs of foreign confessions; but the very next year it was abolished, and its affairs were returned to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The special position of the Ministry of Internal Affairs among other ministries
154-809: The scope of his powers were made clear. The first mufti, Mukhamedzhan Khusainov, immediately began to push for more power, demanding the same status as the Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church . He met several times with Catherine II in St. Petersburg, and began to see himself as an important political figure in the Volga-Ural region. This worried local Russian administrators, who requested and received permission from Prince Alexander Bezborodko to severely limit Khusainov's influence and keep him under their control. Local authorities then decreed "his [the mufti's] duty
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#1733085276133168-476: Was Count Viktor Kochubey . The Deputy Minister became Count Pavel Stroganov . According to Count Speransky , the ministry should have been in charge of the country's productive forces while being completely alien to the functions of the security police. This character of the Ministry of Internal Affairs changed with the accession of the Ministry of Police in 1819. Subsequent changes in the overall result expanded
182-431: Was attached to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in the form of a department, in 1862 censorship was transferred to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in 1865, when the Ministry of Railways was transformed, it was the building police , in 1868 it included the abolished Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs of the Russian Empire, the management of which before, until 1830, was also part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1880,
196-455: Was the state executive authority of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire , which carried out administrative functions in the areas of state security, public security, law enforcement, leadership of local authorities, the fight against crime, protection of places of deprivation of liberty, the licensing system, and censorship in media and book publishing. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of
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