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59-519: The Orel Military District was first formed along with other rear area military districts during the Russian Civil War on 31 March 1918, with headquarters at Orel. The district included Voronezh Governorate , Kursk Governorate , Orel Governorate , and Chernigov Governorate . On 8 June 1919, it was subordinated to the Southern Front . On 29 June, Tambov Governorate was added to the district. It

118-731: A city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River , located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the Don River . The city sits on the Southeastern Railway , which connects western Russia with the Urals and Siberia , the Caucasus and Ukraine , and the M4 highway ( Moscow –Voronezh– Rostov-on-Don – Novorossiysk ). In recent years

177-614: A defense committee in the city. On November 7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the October Revolution . Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, Kuybyshev , and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was attacked by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the Voronezh Front . By July 6, the German army occupied

236-495: A drone attack on two distilleries in Voronezh, distilleries that make rocket and aviation fuel and explosives. Voronezh is the administrative center of the oblast . Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Voronezh Urban Okrug —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , this administrative unit also has urban okrug status. The city

295-514: A geographical region, which included the Voronezh river (tributary of the Don ) and a number of settlements. In the lower reaches of the river, a unique Slavic town-planning complex of the 8th – early 11th century was discovered, which covered the territory of the present city of Voronezh and its environs (about 42 km long, about 13 forts and many unfortified villages). By the 12th – 13th centuries, most of

354-406: A number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include: and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city. Platonov International Arts Festival Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion in Voronezh. There

413-800: A sizable town. Weronecz is shown on the Worona river in Resania in Joan Blaeu 's map of 1645. Peter the Great built a dockyard in Voronezh where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the Azov campaigns in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian ship of the line , Goto Predestinatsia . The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, Mitrofan of Voronezh ,

472-459: Is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root voron- (from the proto-Slavic vorn ) in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix -ezh (-azh, -ozh ). It was not “transferred” and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in

531-417: Is an Orthodox Jewish community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street. A notable Christian Armenian , up to 4,000 individuals, is also present. In 1682, the Voronezh diocese was formed to fight the schismatics. Its first head was Bishop Mitrofan (1623-1703) at the age of 58. Under him, the construction began on the new Annunciation Cathedral to replace the old one. In 1832, Mitrofan

590-455: Is divided into six administrative districts : At the time of the official 2021 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city's population whose ethnicity was known (960,357) was: The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were mechanical engineering , metalworking , the electronics industry and the food industry . In the city are such companies as: On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with

649-559: The Moscow Military District , and Voronezh Oblast, transferred from the Volga Military District. Despite its name, the district's third formation was headquartered in Voronezh . On 30 October, Tambov Oblast became part of the district after being transferred from the Volga Military District. In October, the district temporarily oversaw recently recaptured Gomel and Polesia Voblasts in eastern Belarus. From July 1944,

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708-557: The Republic of Mordovia , as well as eastern areas of Ukraine , including parts of Kharkiv , Donetsk Oblast , and Luhansk Oblast . On June 9 [ O.S. May 29], 1719, the governorate was divided into provinces: Bakhmut (with the center in Bakhmut ), Shatsk , Tambov , Voronezh , and Yelets . The uyezds were transformed into districts. In 1725, Azov Governorate was renamed into Voronezh Governorate. The administration of

767-864: The Second German Army and the Second Hungarian Army occupied the western part of Voronezh. During Operation Little Saturn , the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive , and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January 25, 1943, Voronezh was liberated after ten days of combat . During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed. By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It

826-602: The South Eastern Railway of the Russian Railways . Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kyiv, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov. The main train station is called Voronezh-1 railway station and is located in the center of the city. There are three bus stations in Voronezh that connect the city with destinations including Moscow , Belgorod , Lipetsk , Volgograd , Rostov-on-Don , and Astrakhan . The city has seven theaters, twelve museums,

885-740: The Tsardom of Russia , the Russian Empire , and the Russian SFSR , which existed from 1708 (as Azov Governorate ) to 1779 and again from 1796 to 1928. Its capital was located in Voronezh since 1725. The governorate was located in the south of the European part of the Russian Empire. In 1928, the governorate was abolished, and its area was included into newly established Central Black Earth Oblast . Azov Governorate, together with seven other governorates,

944-567: The Tupolev Tu-144 (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the Voronezh Malshevo air force base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a Natural Resources Defense Council report, houses nuclear bombers . Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow. Rail services form a part of

1003-753: The ostrog and the river, where the Monastyrskaya settlements (at the Assumption Monastery) was formed. Subsequently, the Yamnaya Sloboda was added to them, and on the other side of the fort, on the Chizhovka Mountain, the Chizhovskaya Sloboda of archers and Cossacks appeared. As a result, the Voronezh settlements surrounded the fortress in a ring. The location of the parish churches emphasized this ring-like and even distribution of settlements:

1062-520: The "Patrol Book" of 1615. At that time, the city fortress was logged and located on the banks of the Voronezh River. In plan, it was an irregular quadrangle with a perimeter of about 238 meter. inside it, due to lack of space, there was no housing or siege yards, and even the cathedral church was supposed to be taken out. However, at this small fortress there was a large garrison - 666 households of service people. These courtyards were reliably protected by

1121-498: The 11th or 12th century, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city. However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of Voroneg nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa. The linguistic comparative analysis of

1180-645: The 18th century, some of these towns were abolished, and a number of others were mentioned as towns in later sources. In 1765, Bakhmut Province was transferred into Novorossiysk Governorate . In 1775, the provinces were abolished, and the governorate was subdivided into uyezds . At that time, the governorate consisted of Dankovsky , Demshinsky , Insarsky , Kadomsky , Kasimovsky , Kerensky , Korotoyaksky , Kozlovsky , Lebedyansky , Livensky , Narovchatsky , Nizhnelomovsky , Ryazhsky , Shatsky , Tambovsky , Temnikovsky , Userdsky , Usmansky , Verkhnelomovsky , Voronezhsky , Yefremovsky , and Yeletsky Uyezds . In

1239-718: The Ilyinsky Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda, the Pyatnitskaya Cossack and Pokrovskaya Belomestnaya were brought out to the passage towers of the prison. The Nikolskaya Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda was located near the marketplace (and, accordingly, the front facade of the fortress), and the paired ensemble of the Rozhdestvenskaya and Georgievskaya churches of the Cossack Sloboda marked the main street of

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1298-552: The Southern Front a month later. Between January and July 1921, troops of the district participated in the suppression of the Tambov Rebellion , an anti-Soviet peasant revolt. During the war, the district called up 300,000 men and formed four rifle divisions, a cavalry division, and other smaller units, while training 67,000 men under vsevobuch. After the end of the war, the district was disbanded on 9 March 1922, and its territory

1357-669: The Soviet Union. The fairy tale replica city will feature the houses of Kai and Gerda, the palace of the snow queen, an ice rink, and illumination. In June 2023, during the Wagner Group rebellion , forces of the Wagner Group claimed to have taken control of military facilities in the city. Later they were confirmed to have taken the city itself. On the night of 27 October 2024, during the Russo-Ukrainian War , Ukraine launched

1416-465: The Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of Katyushas was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October 22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of

1475-613: The Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the Nogai Horde (a successor state of the Golden Horde ), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by Feodor I as a fort protecting the Muravsky Trail trade route against the slave raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars . The city was named after the river. In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into

1534-462: The annual tradition in the Russian city of Voronezh, every winter the main city square is thematically drawn around a classic literature. In 2020, the city was decorated using the motifs from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's The Nutcracker . In the year of 2021, the architects drew inspiration from Hans Christian Andersen 's fairy tale The Snow Queen as well as the animation classic The Snow Queen from

1593-476: The area of the main settlement in Kyiv before the baptism of Rus. In [1] it is assumed that the word "Voronezh" means bluing - a technique to increase the corrosion resistance of iron products. This explanation fits well with the proximity to the ancient city of Voronezh of a large iron deposit and the city of Stary Oskol. As well as the name of Voroneț Monastery known for its blue shade. Folk etymology claims

1652-487: The city has experienced rapid population growth, rising in 2021 to 1,057,681, up from 889,680 recorded in the 2010 Census , making it the 14th-most populous city in the country. The first chronicle references to the word "Voronezh" are dated 1177, when the Ryazan prince Yaropolk, having lost the battle, fled "to Voronozh" and there was moving "from town to town". Modern data of archeology and history interpret Voronezh as

1711-471: The city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the federal and regional budgets for development. On December 17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people. Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the Central Black Earth Region . As part of

1770-714: The city, going from the Cossack Gate to the fortress tower. Voronezh experiences a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. The city is served by the Voronezh International Airport , which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the Pridacha Airport , a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility VASO ( Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo , Voronezh aircraft production association) where

1829-484: The district included newly reestablished Bryansk Oblast . The district was tasked with restoring military commissariats in its territory, creating lines of communication with the front, forming march battalions for movement to the front, forming new units, and clearing mines from the territory of the district. Postwar, it became the Voronezh Military District on 9 July 1945. The district's first formation

Orel Military District - Misplaced Pages Continue

1888-726: The district was disbanded on 8 December and its remaining territory transferred to the Volga Military District . The headquarters of the Orel Military District was used to form the headquarters of the South Ural Military District in Orenburg on 26 November. The district was reformed on 21 August 1943, under the command of then-Major General Matvei Popov . It included troops in Kursk and Orel Oblasts, transferred from

1947-523: The following seventy-eight towns were included in Azov Governorate, In 1711, the town of Azov was ceded to Turkey, but the governorate was not renamed. In terms of the modern political division, Azov Governorate comprised the areas of what is currently Rostov Oblast , Voronezh Oblast , Lipetsk Oblast , Tambov Oblast , and parts of Kursk Oblast , Belgorod Oblast , Tula Oblast , Oryol Oblast , Ryazan Oblast , Penza Oblast , Saratov Oblast , and

2006-499: The following years, the administrative reforms continued, and governorates were gradually abolished in favor of vice-royalties. In 1778, some areas of Voronezh Governorate were transferred to Ryazan and Oryol Viceroyalties, and in 1779 Valuysky Uyezd was transferred to Voronezh Governorate. In 1779, the governorate was abolished, and Tambov and Voronezh Viceroyalty, followed in 1780 by Penza Viceroyalty , were established. In 1796, by Decree of Tsar Pavel I , Voronezh Viceroyalty

2065-484: The front, and expanded the network of hospitals and other rear services. 17 rifle divisions, five brigades, and eight reserve brigades were formed in the district after 22 June. On 2 October, German troops began Operation Typhoon, an offensive which aimed to capture Moscow. German tank troops quickly broke through Soviet lines and advanced deep into the Soviet rear. The 4th Panzer Division reached Orel on 3 October, surprising

2124-408: The governorate was performed by a governor. The governors of First Azov Governorate were By that time, the governorate was divided into five provinces, defined as sets of the towns. The following towns were a part of Voronezh Governorate, Three towns were subordinate to Lipetsk Iron Works, Belokolodsk , Romanov , and Sokolsk . In 1727, these towns were transferred into Bakhmut Province. During

2183-498: The hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with Moscow in 1868 and Rostov-on-Don in 1871. During World War II , Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Soviet and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on Stalingrad , and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 Katyusha ) artillery installations were built at

2242-446: The middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times

2301-621: The military and mobilization readiness of the troops, their rearmament with new equipment, and pre- conscription training of youths for military service. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the 20th Army was formed in the district under the command of district commander Fyodor Remezov . Lieutenant General Pavel Kurochkin replaced Remezov, and was himself replaced by Lieutenant General Alexander Tyurin in July. The district also mobilized those eligible for military service, formed new units and formations, sent march battalions to

2360-513: The military district's headquarters, which hastily left the city. Tyurin, district chief of staff P.E. Glinsky, and district commissar N.E. Yefimov were held responsible for the abandonment of Orel, with Tyurin sentenced to seven years of imprisonment, and Glinsky and Yefimov to five years. However, all three were later pardoned, demoted, and sent back to the front. The district headquarters was subsequently relocated to Yelets , Tambov , and Orenburg . With most of its territory under German occupation,

2419-522: The name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009. There is an indication of the place names of many countries in Eurasia, which may partly be not only similar in sound, but also united by common Indo-European languages: Varanasi , Varna , Verona , Brno , etc. A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh"

Orel Military District - Misplaced Pages Continue

2478-456: The name comes from combining the Russian words for raven ( ворон ) and hedgehog ( еж ) into Воронеж . According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation. In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including

2537-517: The north, and Kazan Governorate in the east. The areas south of the governorate were controlled by the Ottoman Empire , and the southern border was not defined. Formally, Azov was the seat of the governorate, but in practice, the seat of the governor was located in Tambov until 1715 and in Voronezh after 1715. In 1725, the governorate was renamed Voronezh Governorate. At the time of establishment,

2596-521: The old towns were desolate, but new settlements appeared upstream, closer to Ryazan . For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian Vladimir Zagorovsky dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name Voroneg . This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the Chernigov Principality (now the village of Voronizh in Ukraine ). Later, in

2655-418: The second line of fortifications by a standing prison on taras with 25 towers covered with earth; behind the prison was a moat, and beyond the moat there were stakes. Voronezh was a typical military settlement ( ostrog ). In the city prison there were only settlements of military men: Streletskaya, Kazachya, Belomestnaya atamanskaya, Zatinnaya and Pushkarskaya. The posad population received the territory between

2714-473: The support of the Investment Fund of Russia, is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including the transformer factory of Siemens. On September 7, 2011 in Voronezh there opened a Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and the first in Russia. In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing

2773-508: The western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. By July 24 the frontline had stabilised along the Voronezh River as the German forces continued southeast into the Great Bend of the Don. The attack on Voronezh represented the first phase of the German Army's 1942 campaign in the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue . Until January 25, 1943, parts of

2832-442: Was abolished, and Voronezh Governorate was established. It consisted of nine uyezds, Biryuchensky , Bobrovsky , Korotoyaksky, Nizhnedevitsky , Pavlovsky , Valuysky , Voronezhsky , Zadonsky , and Zemlyansky . In 1802, Bogucharsky , Ostrogozhsky , and Starobelsky Uyezds of Slobodsko-Ukrainian Governorate and Novokhopyorsky Uyezd of Saratov Governorate were transferred to Voronezh Governorate. In 1824, Starobelsky Uyezd

2891-401: Was abolished, and its area was included into newly established Central Black Earth Oblast . The administration of the governorate was performed by a governor. The governors of Voronezh Governorate were Voronezh Voronezh ( / v ə ˈ r oʊ n ɪ ʃ , - ˈ r ɒ n -/ və- ROH -nish, -⁠ RO - ; Russian : Воронеж , IPA: [vɐˈronʲɪʂ] ) is

2950-405: Was also the location of a prestigious Suvorov Military School , a boarding school for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war. In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others. In 1968, Serial production of the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic plane

3009-586: Was ceded to the Moscow Military District and the Western Military District . On 28 July 1938, the district was reformed from the headquarters of the 10th Rifle Corps , as part of a pre-World War II buildup of the Soviet Armed Forces. It included Voronezh Oblast , Kursk Oblast , and Orel Oblast . Tambov Oblast was added to the district in October 1939. The district was tasked with maintaining

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3068-402: Was commanded by the following officers: The district's second formation was commanded by the following officers: The district's third formation was commanded by the following officer: Voronezh Governorate 51°40′N 39°13′E  /  51.667°N 39.217°E  / 51.667; 39.217 Voronezh Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit ( guberniya ) of

3127-401: Was delivered. In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities. A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies. Information about the original urban layout of Voronezh is contained in

3186-586: Was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, Ilyushin Il-86 , was built there. In 1989, TASS published details of an alleged UFO landing in the city's park and purported encounters with extraterrestrial beings reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the Associated Press that he

3245-410: Was established on December 29 [ O.S. December 18], 1708, by Tsar Peter the Great 's edict . As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Azov Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities. The governorate bordered Kiev Governorate in the west, Moscow Governorate in

3304-714: Was later proclaimed the town's patron saint. Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the Azov Governorate , which eventually morphed into the Voronezh Governorate . In the 19th century, Voronezh was the center of Voronezh Governorate. Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, suet , and

3363-436: Was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published", and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing". From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of

3422-407: Was returned to Slobodsko-Ukrainian Governorate. In 1923, after a series of reforms, Voronezh Governorate consisted of twelve uyezds: Bobrovsky, Bogucharsky, Kalacheyevsky , Nizhnedevitsky, Novokhopyorsky, Ostrogozhsky, Pavlovsky, Rossoshansky , Usmansky, Valuysky, Voronezhsky, and Zadonsky. In 1924, Zadonsky, Kalacheyevsky, and Pavlovsky Uyezds were abolished. On 14 May 1928 Voronezh Governorate

3481-404: Was tasked with forming new units and formations for the Red Army and organizing the vsevobuch , a system of universal military training. In the summer and fall of 1919, the district's troops were involved in battles against White commander Konstantin Mamontov 's raid into the Soviet rear. The district was transferred to the control of the Southwestern Front on 10 January 1920, and returned to

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