23-466: The White Revolution, or Operation Flood , launched on January 13, 1970, was the world's largest dairy development programme and a landmark project of India's National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) . It transformed India from a milk-deficient nation into the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the United States in 1998 with about 22.29 percent of global output in 2018. Within 30 years, it doubled
46-424: A body corporate . '. A statutory authority is a generic term for an authorisation by Parliament given to a person or group of people to exercise specific powers. A statutory authority can be established as a corporate Commonwealth entity or a non-corporate Commonwealth entity. A statutory authority may also be a body within a Commonwealth entity, exercising the powers given by Parliament but administratively part of
69-447: A day. Phase III (1985–1996) enabled dairy co-operatives to expand and strengthen the infrastructure required to procure and market increasing volumes of milk. Veterinary first-aid health care services, feed, and artificial insemination services for co-operative members were extended, along with intensified member education. Operation Flood's Phase III consolidated India's dairy co-operative movement, adding 30,000 new dairy co-operatives to
92-633: A producer-run, democratic farmers' cooperative model. Until this time, India's own dairy industry was limited in its capacity and dominated by traders who set pricing. Marginal milk producers reaped little reward in this system, and the country's foreign exchange was expended in European and New Zealand dairy industries, purchasing dairy imports to fill the shortfall. Between the start of the NDDB's landmark project in 1970, Operation Flood and its founder's retirement in 1998, India quadrupled its milk production, with
115-560: A state-owned corporation as "a statutory authority that has corporate status". Statutory authorities at the State or Territory level are established under corresponding State or Territory laws. Each statutory authority tends to have its own enabling legislation, or originating act , even if it was established before the relevant over-riding legislation. For example, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
138-500: Is in Anand, Gujarat with regional offices throughout the country. NDDB's subsidiaries include Indian Dairy Machinery Company Ltd (IDMC), Mother Dairy and Indian Immunologicals Limited , Hyderabad, NDDB Dairy Services, NDDB Mrida Ltd. The Board was created to finance and support producer-owned and controlled organisations. Its programmes and activities seek to strengthen farmer cooperatives and support national policies that are favourable to
161-495: Is the programme that led to the "White Revolution." It created a national milk grid linking producers throughout India to consumers in over 700 towns and cities, reducing seasonal and regional price variations while ensuring that producers get a major share of the profit by eliminating the middlemen. At the bedrock of Operation Flood stands the village milk producers' co-operatives, which procure milk and provide inputs and services, making modern management and technology available to all
184-502: The Vidarbha and Marathwada regions. As of 2020 , a twice weekly, 30-minute episode was broadcast from Nagpur, Jalgaon, Aurangabad, Osmanabad and Nanded radio stations on subjects related to scientific dairy animal management. Subject experts from NDDB conduct the sessions. Statutory body A statutory body or statutory authority is a body set up by law ( statute ) that is authorised to implement certain legislation on behalf of
207-427: The 43,000 existing co-operatives organised during Phase II. The number of milk sheds peaked at 173 in 1988–89, with the numbers of female members and female dairy cooperative societies increasing significantly. Phase III also increased emphasis on research and development in animal health and nutrition. Innovations such as a vaccine for theileriosis , bypassing protein feed and urea-molasses mineral blocks, contributed to
230-609: The Chairman of NDDB by Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri . Kurien thrust the programme towards success and has since been recognised as its architect. The making of skim milk powder out of buffalo milk, termed the Anand Pattern Experiment at Amul , was also instrumental to the program's success; the man who made this possible was Harichand Megha Dalaya , alongside Kurien. It allowed Amul to compete successfully with cow milk-based suppliers such as Nestle . Operation Flood
253-465: The authority) and a number. Just as with laws enacted by Parliament, all laws made by a statutory authority must be published in the Government Gazette. The Parliament of Australia , or a State or Territory Parliament , will delegate its authority to a statutory authority for several reasons; The power to enact legislation has been delegated by Australian Parliaments (State and/or Federal) in
SECTION 10
#1732876280053276-586: The board's technical and organisational support. By then India had 81,000 dairy cooperatives, formed with the assistance of NDDB on their "Amul" pattern. In 1998, India became the largest milk producer in the world, when its output surpassed that of the United States. The country remains a major dairy-producing nation. In 2012, under the national dairy plan (NDP) programme, NDDB had initiated plans to boost dairy farming by targeting 40,000 villages in fourteen major milk producing states including Punjab. The project
299-584: The enhanced productivity of milk-producing animals. National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) NDDB Dairy Services The National Dairy Development Board ( NDDB ) is a statutory body set up by an Act of the Parliament of India and an Institution of National Importance. It is under administrative control of the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying of the Government of India . The main office
322-549: The entity." A statutory corporation is defined in the government glossary as a "statutory body that is a body corporate, including an entity created under section 87 of the PGPA Act" (i.e. a statutory authority may be a statutory corporation). An earlier definition describes a statutory corporation as "a statutory authority that is a body corporate", and the New South Wales Government 's Land Registry Services defines
345-533: The farmers in their own fields for soil conditioning. Surplus bio-slurry can be sold to other farmers or converted into organic fertilisers. In 2000, in accordance with the plans of NDDB to reach out to more states, it signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the administration of Ladakh to promote dairying and rural livelihoods in the newly formed union territory. In one innovative approach, NDDB, in collaboration with All India Radio (AIR), launched Radio Samvad —an awareness series on radio for dairy farmers of
368-404: The four metros. Operation Flood-I was originally meant to be completed in 1975, but it eventually lasted until the end of 1979, at a total cost of Rs.1.16 billion. At the start of Operation Flood-I, in 1970, certain aims were kept in view for the implementation of the programs: Operation Flood Phase II (1981–1985) increased the number of milk sheds from 18 to 136; urban markets also expanded
391-602: The growth of such institutions. Cooperative principles and cooperative strategies are fundamental to the board's efforts. Meenesh Shah was appointed the Chairman of NDDB in 2021. The NDDB was founded by Dr. Verghese Kurien in 1965. The prime minister of India at that time, Lal Bahadur Shastri , wished to replicate the success of the Kaira Cooperative Milk Producers' Union ( Amul ) across India. Kurien had been instrumental in Amul's success, where he had instituted
414-780: The members. Operation Flood's objectives included: Operation Flood was implemented in Three phases: Phase I (1970–1980) was financed by the sale of skimmed milk powder and butter oil donated by the European Economic Community (EEC) through the World Food Program (WFP). NDDB planned the programme and negotiated the details of EEC assistance. During this phase, Operation Flood linked 18 of India's premier milk sheds with consumers in India's major metropolitan cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai, establishing mother dairies in
437-407: The milk available per person in India and made dairy farming India's largest self-sustainable rural employment generator. The programme was launched to help farmers direct their own development and to give them control of the resources they create. It also promoted jersey cows and heavily increased lactose intolerance amongst Indians. Dr Verghese Kurien , the chairman and founder of Amul , was named
460-513: The outlets for milk to 290. By the end of 1985, a self-sustaining system of 43000 village co-operatives with 4,250,000 milk producers was covered. Domestic milk powder production increased from 22,000 metric tonnes in the pre-project year to 140,000 tonnes by 1989, with all of this increase coming from dairies set up under Operation Flood. In this way, EEC gifts and a World Bank loan helped promote self-reliance. Direct marketing of milk by producers' co-operatives also increased by several million liters
483-659: The relevant country or state, sometimes by being empowered or delegated to set rules (for example regulations or statutory instruments ) in their field. They are typically found in countries which are governed by a British style of parliamentary democracy such as the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth countries like Australia , Canada , India and New Zealand . They are also found in Israel and elsewhere. Statutory authorities may also be statutory corporations , if created as
SECTION 20
#1732876280053506-547: Was aimed at covering about 2.7 million milch animals in these states. In October 2020, the NDDB launched a "manure management initiative" at the Mujkuva Dairy Cooperative Society (DCS) in Anand district, wherein biogas plants are installed by dairy farmers outside their residences for producing gas to be used as cooking fuel. In addition to biogas, bio-slurry produced from these biogas plants will also be used by
529-533: Was established in 1949 by the Science and Industry Research Act , but it has since come under the jurisdiction of the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997 as legislation covering statutory authorities has evolved. Laws made by statutory authorities are usually referred to as regulations. They are not cited in the same fashion as an act of parliament, but usually with specific initials (depending on
#52947