92-838: Operation Cocoon was an operation launched by the Special Task Force of Tamil Nadu Police to capture the forest brigand Veerappan and his associates, who were dominant in Sathyamangalam Forest in the South Indian states of Tamil Nadu , Karnataka and Kerala . The operation was headed by K. Vijay Kumar , and N. K. Senthamarai Kannan . Veerappan was killed on the final day of the operation, 18 October 2004. Three of his associates, Sethukuli Govinda, Chandre Gowda and Sethumani, also died, and four policemen were injured. Veerappan (Koose Muniswamy Veerappan, 18 January 1952 – 18 October 2004), also called "Sandalwood Veerappan",
184-403: A Kali temple. During the subsequent years, he killed tens of police officers and tribal people, whom he felt, were against his illegal trade. In 1997, he kidnapped Karnataka forest officers and after lot of negotiations with Nakkeeran editor Gopal, he released them. In the same year, he kidnapped 21 tourists, but later released them without any harm. He came to national attention when he kidnapped
276-487: A Karnataka government undertaking, launched 11 new jungle camps during 2010, with one of them covering Gopinatham, where Veerappan lived. The tourism involved trek through the vast BR and MM hills and a narration of the places where Veerapan lived and held people in hostage by a trained local guide. K. Vijay Kumar was awarded the President's gallantry medal in 2005 for the operation. In 2016, K. Vijay Kumar announced that he
368-506: A charge sheet on 26 September 2020 against all arrested police officials under sections 120-B of IPC r/w sections 302, 342, 201, 182, 193, 211, 218 & 34 & substantive offences. One more accused, Sub Inspector Palthurai died during investigation due to COVID-19. In 2021, the Chennai Police intervened in a case regarding a lesbian couple , who willingly fled their houses fearing interrogation and harassment. The couple approached
460-411: A common vehicle's metal body and into an opponent attempting to use these things as cover. The 7.62×39mm M43 projectile does not generally fragment when striking an opponent and has an unusual tendency to remain intact even after making contact with bone. The 7.62×39mm round produces significant wounding in cases where the bullet tumbles (yaws) in tissue, but produces relatively minor wounds in cases where
552-507: A curved 30-round magazine. Kalashnikov's rifles, the AK-1 (with a milled receiver ) and AK-2 (with a stamped receiver) proved to be reliable weapons and were accepted to a second round of competition along with other designs. These prototypes (also known as the AK-46) had a rotary bolt, a two-part receiver with separate trigger unit housing, dual controls (separate safety and fire selector switches), and
644-673: A delay between the initial recoil impulse of the piston and the bolt unlocking sequence, allowing gas pressures to drop to a safe level before the seal between the chamber and the bolt is broken. The AK-47 does not have a gas valve; excess gases are ventilated through a series of radial ports in the gas cylinder. Unlike many other rifle platforms, such as the AR-15 platform, the Kalashnikov platform bolt locking lugs are chamfered allowing for primary extraction upon bolt rotation which aids reliable feeding and extraction, albeit not with that much force due to
736-415: A dust cover and prevents the charging handle from being pulled fully to the rear when it is on safe. It is operated by the shooter's right fore-fingers and has three settings: safe (up), full-auto (center), and semi-auto (down). The reason for this is that a soldier under stress will push the selector lever down with considerable force, bypassing the full-auto stage and setting the rifle to semi-auto. To set
828-465: A hassle since the end of the rivet has to be ground off and a new one set after the part is replaced." For the further developed AK models, see Kalashnikov rifles . Manufacturing countries of AK-47 and its variants in alphabetical order. A private company Kalashnikov Concern (formerly Izhmash) from Russia has repeatedly claimed that the majority of foreign manufacturers are producing AK-type rifles without proper licensing . The AK-47's accuracy
920-575: A lighter stamped steel version and the most ubiquitous variant of the entire AK series of firearms. In the 1960s, the Soviets introduced the RPK light machine gun, an AK-type weapon with a stronger receiver, a longer heavy barrel, and a bipod, that eventually replaced the RPD light machine gun. Mikhail Kalashnikov began his career as a weapon designer in 1941 while recuperating from a shoulder wound that he received during
1012-821: A lightweight magazine with an aluminum body with a prominent reinforcing waffle rib pattern weighing 0.19 kg (0.42 lb) empty was developed for the AKM that proved to be too fragile, and the small issued amount of these magazines were quickly withdrawn from service. As a replacement steel-reinforced 30-round plastic 7.62×39mm box magazines were introduced. These rust-colored magazines weigh 0.24 kg (0.53 lb) empty and are often mistakenly identified as being made of Bakelite (a phenolic resin ), but were fabricated from two parts of AG-S4 molding compound (a glass-reinforced phenol- formaldehyde binder impregnated composite), assembled using an epoxy resin adhesive. Noted for their durability, these magazines did however compromise
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#17328844082961104-410: A muzzle velocity of 715 m/s (2,350 ft/s). The cartridge weight is 16.3 g (0.6 oz), and the projectile weight is 7.9 g (122 gr). The original Soviet M43 bullets are 123-grain boat-tail bullets with a copper-plated steel jacket, a large steel core, and some lead between the core and the jacket. The AK has excellent penetration when shooting through heavy foliage, walls, or
1196-661: A newer design, the AK-74 , which uses 5.45×39mm ammunition. This new rifle and cartridge had only started to be manufactured in Eastern European nations when the Soviet Union collapsed , drastically slowing the production of the AK-74 and other weapons of the former Soviet bloc. The AK-47 was designed to be a simple, reliable fully automatic rifle that could be manufactured quickly and cheaply, using mass production methods that were state of
1288-514: A non-reciprocating charging handle located on the left side of the weapon. This design had many similarities to the StG 44. In late 1946, as the rifles were being tested, one of Kalashnikov's assistants, Aleksandr Zaitsev, suggested a major redesign to improve reliability. At first, Kalashnikov was reluctant, given that their rifle had already fared better than its competitors. Eventually, however, Zaitsev managed to persuade Kalashnikov. In November 1947,
1380-422: A notched rear tangent iron sight calibrated in 100 m (109 yd) increments from 100 to 800 m (109 to 875 yd). The front sight is a post adjustable for elevation in the field. Horizontal adjustment requires a special drift tool and is done by the armory before the issue or if the need arises by an armorer after the issue. The sight line elements are approximately 48.5 mm (1.9 in ) over
1472-463: A raid in village of vachathi, dharmapuri district accusing the villagers of smuggling sandalwood for Veerappan .Around 100 villagers were assaulted and 18 women were raped. The CBI investigated the case on direction of the Madras High Court and filed report that 108 policemen were guilty in abetting the assault on innocent villagers. Kodiyankulam Brutality: On 31 August 1995, 600 officials of
1564-463: A redesigned version designated the AKM (M for "modernized" or "upgraded"; in Russian: Автомат Калашникова Модернизированный [ Avtomat Kalashnikova Modernizirovanniy ]) was introduced in 1959. This new model used a stamped sheet metal receiver and featured a slanted muzzle brake on the end of the barrel to compensate for muzzle rise under recoil. In addition, a hammer retarder was added to prevent
1656-451: A result, the AK-47 has a service/system life of approximately 6,000, to 10,000, to 15,000 rounds. The AK-47 was designed to be a cheap, simple, easy-to-manufacture rifle, perfectly matching Soviet military doctrine that treats equipment and weapons as disposable items. As units are often deployed without adequate logistical support and dependent on "battlefield cannibalization" for resupply, it
1748-470: A significant weight reduction and allows a soldier to carry more ammunition for the same weight. All 7.62×39mm AK magazines are backward compatible with older AK variants. 10.12 kg (22.3 lb) is the maximum amount of ammo that the average soldier can comfortably carry. It also allows for the best comparison of the three most common 7.62×39mm AK magazines. Most Yugoslavian and some East German AK magazines were made with cartridge followers that hold
1840-629: A single steel billet makes them highly resistant to damage. These magazines are so strong that "Soldiers have been known to use their mags as hammers, and even bottle openers". This contributes to the AK-47 magazine being more reliable but makes it heavier than U.S. and NATO magazines. The early slab-sided steel AK-47 30-round detachable box magazines had 1 mm (0.039 in) sheet-metal bodies and weighed 0.43 kg (0.95 lb) empty. The later steel AKM 30-round magazines had lighter sheet-metal bodies with prominent reinforcing ribs weighing 0.33 kg (0.73 lb) empty. To further reduce weight,
1932-420: A slanted angle with the bore axis. The muzzle is threaded for the installation of various muzzle devices such as a muzzle brake or a blank-firing adaptor . The gas block of the AK-47 features a cleaning rod capture or sling loop. Gas relief ports that alleviate gas pressure are placed horizontally in a row on the gas cylinder. The fire selector is a large lever located on the right side of the rifle; it acts as
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#17328844082962024-500: A submachine gun design in 1942 and a light machine gun design in 1943. Early in 1944, Kalashnikov was given some 7.62×39mm M43 cartridges and informed that other designers were working on weapons for this new Soviet small-arms cartridge. It was suggested that a new weapon might well lead to greater things. He then undertook work on the new rifle. In 1944, he entered a design competition with this new 7.62×39mm, semi-automatic, gas-operated, long-stroke piston carbine, strongly influenced by
2116-466: A wide range of conditions and possessed convenient handling characteristics. In 1949, it was adopted by the Soviet Army as the "7.62 mm Kalashnikov rifle (AK)". There were many difficulties during the initial phase of production. The first production models had stamped sheet metal receivers with a milled trunnion and butt stock insert and a stamped body. Difficulties were encountered in welding
2208-411: Is 30 rounds. There are also 10-, 20-, and 40-round box magazines, as well as 75-round drum magazines. The AK-47's standard 30-round magazines have a pronounced curve that allows them to smoothly feed ammunition into the chamber. Their heavy steel construction combined with "feed-lips" (the surfaces at the top of the magazine that control the angle at which the cartridge enters the chamber) machined from
2300-785: Is a state matter . But, generally the following pattern is observed: . ₹ 8,900 crore (US$ 1.1 billion) (2020-21 est.) Majority of the equipment used by Tamil Nadu police are manufactured by Indian Ordnance Factories controlled by the Ordnance Factories Board , Ministry of Defence , and the Government of India . Tamil Nadu police are equipped with various weapons such as AK-47 , Ishapore 2A1 rifle , Lee–Enfield rifle , INSAS rifle , FN FAL rifle , Glock handguns, shotguns and grenade launchers. The special units of Tamil Nadu Police headed by Additional Director General of Police / Inspector general of police which
2392-430: Is also supervised overall by Director General of Police . These Special Units perform specific functions related to security, intelligence, criminal investigations and support services. They are as follows: Routine cyber offences including phishing, vishing, morphing, extortion and cyber stalking complainants from individuals are investigated by the cyber crime police stations in districts and cities. The Cyber crime wing
2484-531: Is best described as a hybrid of previous rifle technology innovations. "Kalashnikov decided to design an automatic rifle combining the best features of the American M1 Garand and the German StG 44 ." Kalashnikov's team had access to these weapons and did not need to "reinvent the wheel". Kalashnikov himself observed: "A lot of Russian Army soldiers ask me how one can become a constructor, and how new weaponry
2576-447: Is calibrated at 50 m (55 yd), for improved night fighting. The AK-47 was originally equipped with a buttstock, handguard, and an upper heat guard made from solid wood. With the introduction of the Type 3 receiver the buttstock, lower handguard, and upper heat guard were manufactured from birch plywood laminates . Such engineered woods are stronger and resist warping better than
2668-468: Is designed. These are very difficult questions. Each designer seems to have his own paths, his own successes and failures. But one thing is clear: before attempting to create something new, it is vital to have a good appreciation of everything that already exists in this field. I myself have had many experiences confirming this to be so." Some claimed that Kalashnikov copied designs like Bulkin's TKB-415 or Simonov's AVS-31 . Kalashnikov started work on
2760-577: Is generally sufficient to hit an adult male torso out to about 300 m (328 yd), though even experts firing from prone or bench rest positions at this range were observed to have difficulty placing ten consecutive rounds on target. Later designs did not significantly improve the rifle's accuracy. An AK can fire a 10-shot group of 5.9 in (15 cm) at 100 m (109 yd), and 17.5 in (44 cm) at 300 m (328 yd) The newer stamped-steel receiver AKM models, while more rugged and less prone to metal fatigue, are less accurate than
2852-531: Is headed by the Additional Director General of Police, Cyber Crime. The Cyber Crime Investigation Centre located at the hear quarter of Cyber Crime Wing of Tamil Nadu police in Ashok Nagar, Chennai, deals exclusively with organised cyber crime, ransomware attacks and cryptocurrency frauds . The Cyber Crime Investigation Centre was notified as a police station with wider power and jurisdiction across
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2944-569: Is headed by the Director General of Police (DGP). The DGP has the designation of Head of Police Force (HoPF) and is assisted by special and additional DGPs. The current DGP is Shankar Jiwal, IPS. The headquarters is also the office of the DGP and is situated in Chennai, the state's capital. The HQ oversees and coordinates the overall functioning of the police force in the state. For administrative purposes,
3036-443: Is more cost-effective to replace rather than repair weapons. The AK-47 has small parts and springs that need to be replaced every few thousand rounds. However, "Every time it is disassembled beyond the field stripping stage, it will take some time for some parts to regain their fit, and some parts may tend to shake loose and fall out when firing the weapon. Some parts of the AK-47 line are riveted together. Repairing these can be quite
3128-536: Is similar to the second generation, but is darker colored and has a matte non-reflective surface finish. The current issue is a steel-reinforced matte true black non- reflective surface finished 7.62×39mm 30-round magazine, fabricated from ABS plastic weighing 0.25 kg (0.55 lb) empty. Early steel AK-47 magazines are 9.75 in (248 mm) long; the later ribbed steel AKM and newer plastic 7.62×39mm magazines are about 1 in (25 mm) shorter. The transition from steel to mainly plastic magazines yields
3220-550: The Battle of Bryansk . Kalashnikov himself stated..."I was in the hospital, and a soldier in the bed beside me asked: 'Why do our soldiers have only one rifle for two or three of our men when the Germans have automatics?' So I designed one. I was a soldier, and I created a machine gun for a soldier. It was called an Avtomat Kalashnikova, the automatic weapon of Kalashnikov—AK—and it carried the year of its first manufacture, 1947." The AK-47
3312-620: The Commissioner of Police equivalent to the rank of Additional Director General of Police and Madurai , Tiruchirappalli , Salem , Tiruppur , Tirunelveli , Coimbatore are headed by a City Commissioner Of Police equivalent to the rank of Inspector-General of Police. North Zone having jurisdiction over 10 Districts (excluding Chennai City, Avadi City, Tambaram City) viz., Kanchipuram , Thiruvallur , Cuddalore , Villuppuram , Vellore , Ranipet , Thirupattur , Tiruvannamalai , Kallakurichi , Chengalpattu . The Inspector General of Police in
3404-532: The Kalashnikov (or "AK") family of rifles . After more than seven decades since its creation, the AK-47 model and its variants remain one of the most popular and widely used firearms in the world. Design work on the AK-47 began in 1945. It was presented for official military trials in 1947, and, in 1948, the fixed- stock version was introduced into active service for selected units of the Soviet Army . In early 1949,
3496-473: The Kannada actor Rajkumar during 2000.His last big crime was in 2000, when he abducted Nagapppa, a retired minister of Karnataka. Nagappa was found dead in the forest later, but Veerappan denied his killing. He was also wanted for poaching about 200 elephants and smuggling ivory worth US$ 2,600,000 and about 10,000 tonnes of sandalwood worth approximately US$ 22,000,000. A reward of ₹ 50 million (US$ 600,000)
3588-488: The Madras High Court ; the verdict passed by judge N Anand Venkatesh ruled in their favor, ruling the need to reform and introduce a specific clause among the judiciary and law enforcement while dealing with issues regarding same sex couples. Furthermore, in the interim ruling, Judge Venkatesh prohibited Conversion Therapy , besides suggesting comprehensive measures to sensitize the society and remove prejudices against
3680-635: The PPSh-41 submachine guns and outdated Mosin–Nagant bolt-action rifles that armed most of the Soviet Army. The Soviets soon developed the 7.62×39mm M43 cartridge , used in the semi-automatic SKS carbine and the RPD light machine gun . Shortly after World War II, the Soviets developed the AK-47 rifle, which quickly replaced the SKS in Soviet service. Introduced in 1959, the AKM is
3772-487: The PSO-1 Optical Sniper Sight . The side rails allow for the removal and remounting of optical accessories without interfering with the zeroing of the optic. However, the 100 series side folding stocks cannot be folded with the optics mounted. The AK-47 and its variants have been and are made in dozens of countries, with "quality ranging from finely engineered weapons to pieces of questionable workmanship." As
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3864-414: The 20 murders he committed. While his initial days of dacoity were restricted to satisfying his financial needs, his later actions included demand of release of militants from jail in exchange of the hostages. Veerappan first came in news when he murdered Chidambaram, a forest officer who was against his illegal trade. In 1991, he shot P Srinivas, a Karnataka Deputy Conservator of Forests and beheaded him in
3956-659: The AK was officially accepted by the Soviet Armed Forces and used by the majority of the member states of the Warsaw Pact . The model and its variants owe their global popularity to their reliability under harsh conditions, low production cost (compared to contemporary weapons), availability in virtually every geographic region, and ease of use. The AK has been manufactured in many countries and has seen service with armed forces as well as irregular forces and insurgencies throughout
4048-526: The AK-47 to full-auto requires the deliberate action of centering the selector lever. To operate the fire selector lever, right-handed shooters have to briefly remove their right hand from the pistol grip, which is ergonomically sub-optimal. Some AK-type rifles also have a more traditional selector lever on the left side of the receiver, just above the pistol grip. This lever is operated by the shooter's right thumb and has three settings: safe (forward), full-auto (center), and semi-auto (backward). The AK-47 uses
4140-542: The American M1 Garand. The new rifle was in the same class as the SKS-45 carbine, with a fixed magazine and gas tube above the barrel. However, the new Kalashnikov design lost out to a Simonov design. In 1946, a new design competition was initiated to develop a new rifle. Kalashnikov submitted a gas-operated rifle with a short-stroke gas piston above the barrel, a breechblock mechanism similar to his 1944 carbine, and
4232-572: The Central Zone is G. Karthikeyan IPS South Zone having jurisdiction over 10 Districts (excluding Madurai City and Tirunelveli City) viz., Madurai Rural , Dindigul , Ramanathapuram , Sivagangai , Theni , Virudhunagar , Tuticorin , Tirunelveli Rural , Kanyakumari and Tenkasi . The Inspector General of Police in the South Zone is Asra Garg IPS The ranks, posts and designations of all police officers vary from state to state as law and order
4324-456: The Dharampuri hospital. Scores of people attempted to view his body, but this was not permitted. Police found it difficult to control the crowd outside the hospital. There was a brief controversy about the burial, as Veerappan's wife, Muthulakshmi , did not favor a cremation. She wanted the body to be placed in the house of Veerappan's brother. It was also asserted the choice and decision regarding
4416-459: The Kalashnikov assault rifle abroad were of the AKM variant, partially due to the much easier production of the stamped receiver. This model is the most commonly encountered, having been produced in much greater quantities. All rifles based on the Kalashnikov design are often colloquially referred to as "AK-47s" in the West and some parts of Asia, although this is only correct when applied to rifles based on
4508-536: The LGBTQIA+ community. AK-47 The AK-47 , officially known as the Avtomat Kalashnikova (Russian: Автомат Калашникова , lit. 'Kalashnikov's automatic [rifle]'; also known as the Kalashnikov or just AK ), is an assault rifle that is chambered for the 7.62×39mm cartridge. Developed in the Soviet Union by Russian small-arms designer Mikhail Kalashnikov , it is the originating firearm of
4600-458: The M43 round. This change also reduces penetration in ballistic gelatin to ~25 in (64 cm) for the newer M67 round versus ~29 in (74 cm) for the older M43 round. However, the wounding potential of M67 is mostly limited to the small permanent wound channel the bullet itself makes, especially when the bullet yaws. To fire, the operator inserts a loaded magazine, pulls back and releases
4692-612: The NATO E-type Silhouette Target (a human upper body half and head silhouette) of the AK-47 and the later developed AK-74, M16A1, and M16A2 rifles were measured by the US military under ideal proving ground conditions in the 1980s as follows: Under worst field exercise circumstances, the hit probabilities for all the tested rifles were drastically reduced, from 34% at 50m down to 3–4% at 600m with no significant differences between weapons at each range. The following table represents
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#17328844082964784-712: The North Zone is N. Kannan IPS West Zone having jurisdiction over 8 Districts (exclude Coimbatore City, Salem City, Tiruppur City) viz., Coimbatore Rural , Tiruppur Rural , Salem Rural , The Nilgiris , Erode , Dharmapuri , Krishnagiri and Namakkal . The Inspector General of Police in the West Zone is K.Bhavaneshwari IPS Central Zone having jurisdiction over 9 Districts (excluding Tiruchirappalli City) viz., Thanjavur , Tiruchirappalli Rural , Perambalur , Ariyalur , Karur , Nagapattinam , Tiruvarur , Pudukottai and Mayiladuthurai . The Inspector General of Police in
4876-468: The Russian circular error probable method for determining accuracy, which involves drawing two circles on the target, one for the maximum vertical dispersion of hits and one for the maximum horizontal dispersion of hits. They then disregard the hits on the outer part of the target and only count half of the hits (50% or R 50 ) on the inner part of the circles. This significantly reduces the overall diameter of
4968-518: The Sathankulam police station Tamil nadu, including those in other ranks, have been transferred to other locations. Following allegations of coverup, the Central Bureau of Investigation took over the investigation of this case. During the investigation, 10 police officials including Inspector/SHO, 3 Sub inspector, 2 HC, 4 Constables, all of Sathankulam Police Station were arrested. The CBI had filed
5060-610: The Tamil Nadu Police attacked Dalit families in Kodiyankulam village located in the Thoothukudi district. The officials destroyed properties such as televisions, tape recorders, fans, sewing machines, motorcycles, machines, tractors, farm equipment and food grain storages. They burnt the passports of educated Dalit youth in bonfire along with clothes. The only well present in the village was reportedly poisoned by police. They harassed
5152-454: The art in the Soviet Union during the late 1940s. The AK-47 uses a long-stroke gas system generally associated with high reliability in adverse conditions. The large gas piston, generous clearance between moving parts, and tapered cartridge case design allow the gun to endure large amounts of foreign matter and fouling without failing to cycle. The AK fires the 7.62×39mm cartridge with
5244-578: The bayonet lug under the front sight base. All current model AKM rifles can mount under-barrel 40 mm grenade launchers such as the GP-25 and its variants, which can fire up to 20 rounds per minute and have an effective range of up to 400 meters. The main grenade is the VOG-25 (VOG-25M) fragmentation grenade which has a 6 m (9 m) (20 ft (30 ft)) lethality radius. The VOG-25P/VOG-25PM ("jumping") variant explodes 0.5–1 metre (1.6–3.3 ft) above
5336-416: The bolt open when empty; however, most AK magazine followers allow the bolt to close when the magazine is empty. Accessories supplied with the rifle include a 387 mm (15.2 in) long 6H3 bayonet featuring a 200 mm (7.9 in) long spear point blade. The AK-47 bayonet is installed by slipping the 17.7 mm (0.70 in) diameter muzzle ring around the muzzle and latching the handle down on
5428-529: The bore axis. The " point-blank range " battle zero setting " П " standing for постоянная (constant) on the 7.62×39mm AK-47 rear tangent sight element corresponds to a 300 m (328 yd) zero. These settings mirror the Mosin–Nagant and SKS rifles, which the AK-47 replaced. For the AK-47 combined with service cartridges, the 300 m battle zero setting limits the apparent "bullet rise" within approximately −5 to +31 cm (−2.0 to 12.2 in) relative to
5520-455: The bullet exits before beginning to yaw. In the absence of yaw, the M43 round can pencil through tissue with relatively little injury. Most, if not all, of the 7.62×39mm ammunition found today is of the upgraded M67 variety. This variety deleted the steel insert, shifting the center of gravity rearward, and allowing the projectile to destabilize (or yaw) at about 3.3 in (8.4 cm), nearly 6.7 in (17 cm) earlier in tissue than
5612-456: The charging handle, and then pulls the trigger . In semi-automatic, the firearm fires only once, requiring the trigger to be released and depressed again for the next shot. In fully automatic, the rifle continues to fire automatically cycling fresh rounds into the chamber until the magazine is exhausted or pressure is released from the trigger. After ignition of the cartridge primer and propellant, rapidly expanding propellant gases are diverted into
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#17328844082965704-584: The conventional one-piece patterns, do not require lengthy maturing, and are cheaper. The wooden furniture was finished with the Russian amber shellac finishing process. AKS and AKMS models featured a downward-folding metal butt-stock similar to that of the German MP40 submachine-gun , for use in the restricted space in the BMP infantry combat vehicle , as well as by paratroops. All 100 series AKs use plastic furniture with side-folding stocks. The standard magazine capacity
5796-419: The enemy camp. Due to Veerappan's extensive knowledge of the forest terrain, they planned to bring him out of the forest. According to the police summary, the operation required ten months of planning. The execution required three weeks, but the final operation lasted only 45 minutes. STF personnel infiltrated as hawkers, masons and local service staff in the villages where Veerappan was supposedly roaming. Through
5888-480: The forged/milled receivers of their predecessors: the milled AK-47s are capable of shooting 3 to 5 in (8 to 13 cm) groups at 100 yd (91 m), whereas the stamped AKMs are capable of shooting 4 to 6 in (10 to 15 cm) groups at 100 yd (91 m). The best shooters can hit a man-sized target at 800 m (875 yd) within five shots (firing from a prone or bench rest position) or ten shots (standing). The single-shot hit-probability on
5980-486: The gas cylinder above the barrel through a vent near the muzzle. The build-up of gases inside the gas cylinder drives the long-stroke piston and bolt carrier rearward and a cam guide machined into the underside of the bolt carrier, along with an ejector spur on the bolt carrier rail guide, rotates the bolt approximately 35° and unlocks it from the barrel extension via a camming pin on the bolt. The moving assembly has about 5.5 mm (0.2 in) of free travel, which creates
6072-438: The ground. The AK-47 can also mount a (rarely used) cup-type grenade launcher , the Kalashnikov grenade launcher that fires standard RGD-5 Soviet hand grenades. The maximum effective range is approximately 150 meters. This launcher can also be used to launch tear gas and riot control grenades. All current AKs (100 series) and some older models have side rails for mounting a variety of scopes and sighting devices, such as
6164-415: The guide and ejector rails, causing high rejection rates. Instead of halting production, a heavy machined receiver was substituted for the sheet metal receiver. Even though production of these milled rifles started in 1951, they were officially referred to as AK-49, based on the date their development started, but they are widely known in the collectors' and current commercial market as "Type 2 AK-47". This
6256-413: The line of sight. Soldiers are instructed to fire at any target within this range by simply placing the sights on the center of mass (the belt buckle, according to Russian and former Soviet doctrine) of the enemy target. Any errors in range estimation are tactically irrelevant, as a well-aimed shot will hit the torso of the enemy soldier. Some AK-type rifles have a front sight with a flip-up luminous dot that
6348-479: The new prototypes (AK-47s) were completed. The rifle used a long-stroke gas piston above the barrel. The upper and lower receivers were combined into a single receiver. The selector and safety were combined into a single control lever/dust cover on the right side of the rifle and the bolt handle was attached to the bolt carrier. This simplified the design and production of the rifle. The first army trial series began in early 1948. The new rifle proved to be reliable under
6440-529: The operation. The Hunt for Veerappan is a 2023 True Crime docuseries by Netflix Tamil Nadu Police Tamil Nadu Police is the primary law enforcement agency of the state of Tamil Nadu , India . It is over 150 years old and is the fifth largest state police force in India. Tamil Nadu has a police-population ratio of 1:632. The Director General of the Tamil Nadu police is Shankar Jiwal. The Tamil Nadu Police
6532-431: The original three receiver types. In most former Eastern Bloc countries, the weapon is known simply as the "Kalashnikov" or "AK". The differences between the milled and stamped receivers includes the use of rivets rather than welds on the stamped receiver, as well as the placement of a small dimple above the magazine well for stabilization of the magazine. In 1974, the Soviets began replacing their AK-47 and AKM rifles with
6624-463: The performance of the final rites rested with the family. "We have searched and hunted for Veerappan for the last 20 years. But his end was all over in 20 minutes. We wish we could catch him alive and bring him to justice. But we are happy that our efforts have finally succeeded" ~ Vijaya Kumar, Head of Special Task Force, India's most wanted, Veerappan shot dead , 20 October 2004 The operation that killed Veerappan raised various controversies. It
6716-459: The rifle's camouflage and lacked the small horizontal reinforcing ribs running down both sides of the magazine body near the front that were added on all later plastic magazine generations. A second-generation steel-reinforced dark-brown (color shades vary from maroon to plum to near black ) 30-round 7.62×39mm magazine was introduced in the early 1980s, fabricated from ABS plastic. The third generation steel-reinforced 30-round 7.62×39mm magazine
6808-412: The short distance the bolt carrier travels before acting on the locking lug. The Kalashnikov platform then uses an extractor claw along with a fin shaped ejector to eject the spent cartridge case. The rifle received a barrel with a chrome-lined bore and four right-hand grooves at a 240 mm (1 in 9.45 in) or 31.5 calibers rifling twist rate . The gas block contains a gas channel that is installed at
6900-639: The spread of fake news and misinformation online". The Cyber crime helpline phone number is 1930. Victims of any cyber financial fraud can contact the helpline to block and revert the money transferred to criminals. In the financial year 2021 more than ₹ 3 crore (US$ 360,000) were recovered by Tamil Nadu police based on complaints of cyber crime. The Tamil Nadu Police has faced severe criticism for acts of misconduct, corruption, caste bias, and custodial deaths. The department has also faced flak for incidents of moral policing. Vachathi Tragedy: On 20 June 1992, policemen,forest officers and revenue officers conducted
6992-518: The state has been divided into four police zones – North, South, West and Central each headed by an Inspector General of Police . Inspector-general of police will be assisted by a Deputy Inspector-General Of Police with jurisdiction of range comprising 2 or more districts. Each district is headed by a Superintendent of Police , whereas major metropolitan cities such as Chennai and it's satellite commissionerates in Tambaram and Avadi are headed by
7084-481: The state. It investigates cases with undefined jurisdiction of suspects and complainants. It also investigates social media posts that abuse constitutional functionaries, damage state integrity, disturbs public order, anti-national activities, media that affect the sovereignty and integrity of India. Social Media Monitoring Centre, in 2022, the Tamil Nadu Government announced its formation "to monitor and curb
7176-452: The village, and some men were hiding in security tankers in the road and others were hiding in the bushes. The driver of the ambulance, who was also a policeman, made an escape, as was planned. According to the report, Veerappan and his men were first warned and then asked to surrender. They refused to do so, and opened fire at the STF personnel. The STF retaliated with grenades and gun fire. Veerappan
7268-426: The weapon from firing out of battery (without the bolt being fully closed), during rapid or fully automatic fire. This is also sometimes referred to as a "cyclic rate reducer", or simply "rate reducer", as it also has the effect of reducing the number of rounds fired per minute during fully automatic fire. The rifle was also roughly one-third lighter than the previous model. Most licensed and unlicensed productions of
7360-594: The women and assaulted the elders. Cash and jewellery worth several lakhs of rupees were also taken by the policemen. The police raid was reported to target the material prosperity of the Pallars, on the orders of upper caste officials. During the COVID-19 pandemic, several officials were involved in the Custodial death of P Jayaraj and Bennicks . The Department had suspended two sub inspectors and an inspector. The entire team in
7452-496: The world. As of 2004 , "of the estimated 500 million firearms worldwide, approximately 100 million belong to the Kalashnikov family, three-quarters of which are AK-47s". The model is the basis for the development of many other types of individual, crew-served, and specialized firearms. During World War II , the Sturmgewehr 44 rifle used by German forces made a deep impression on their Soviet counterparts. The select-fire rifle
7544-542: The years, due to aging and death, his troop was reduced to four men. Veerapan was planning to travel to South Arcot, to receive medical treatment for his eye, and needed to leave the forest. On the day of the operation, Veerapan was escorted out of the forest to an ambulance stationed at Papirappati village in Dharmapuri district . This was actually a police vehicle, and he was accompanied by an officer who had infiltrated his gang. A force of thirty-five officers were stationed in
7636-458: Was a more costly process, but the use of machined receivers accelerated production as tooling and labor for the earlier Mosin–Nagant rifle's machined receiver were easily adapted. Partly because of these problems, the Soviets were not able to distribute large numbers of the new rifles to soldiers until 1956. During this time, production of the interim SKS rifle continued. Once the manufacturing difficulties of non-milled receivers had been overcome,
7728-494: Was alleged that the person who was killed in the encounter was not Veerappan, because as he used to have a bigger mustache. Police established his identity with fingerprints and also with confirmation with his relatives. The gunshots were alleged to mismatch the version reported by the police involved in the encounter. However, the post mortem and ballistic expert's reports confirmed the police reports. Some media outlets claimed that Veerappan could have been captured alive and that he
7820-455: Was an Indian bandit (also called a dacoit in India) who was active for years in scrub and forest lands covering about 6,000 km in the states of Tamil Nadu , Karnataka and Kerala . For over a decade, Veerappan defied the state governments of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala and Indian Border security paramilitary forces, and maintained a small army, which at one point numbered hundreds. He
7912-591: Was chambered for a new intermediate cartridge , the 7.92×33mm Kurz , and combined the firepower of a submachine gun with the range and accuracy of a rifle. On 15 July 1943, an earlier model of the Sturmgewehr was demonstrated before the People's Commissariat of Arms of the USSR . The Soviets were impressed with the weapon and immediately set about developing an intermediate caliber fully automatic rifle of their own, to replace
8004-446: Was killed for political reasons. They claimed that capturing him alive and subjecting him to trial might have revealed unpleasant truths. But it was clarified by the police that they were fired upon, and had to protect themselves. Four officers were wounded in the exchange of gunfire. Some protests were made by human rights activists, who felt that Veerappan was not given a fair chance to justify himself. Jungle Lodges and Resorts Limited,
8096-404: Was killed in the firefight, and his fellows died in the ambulance which was transporting them to the government hospital. After the operation, the STF recovered 12 bore Remington pump action gun, two AK-47 , a self-loading rifle, two hand grenades and cash worth ₹ 3.5 lakhs. The file photograph released by the police showed three bullet wounds, on his forehead, hip and ribs. His body was kept in
8188-457: Was offered for Veerappan's capture, yet he evaded arrest for 20 years until he was killed by police in 2004. The joint Special Task Force (STF) operation to apprehend Veerappan, instituted in 1991 by the state government's of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, is considered one of the costliest in Indian history, consuming ₹ 1 billion over the years. With the assistance of tribal people, officers infiltrated
8280-508: Was telecast on Makkal TV in 2007 and was controversial. Veerappan's widow, Muthulakshmi, filed a case in a sessions court stating that the telecast would demean her family. She lost the case. In 2012, A. M. R. Ramesh directed the Kannada film Attahasa . In 2016, Ram Gopal Varma directed the Kannada film, Killing Veerappan , and a Bollywood sub-version Veerappan highlighting the role of K Vijay Kumar , and N. K. Senthamarai Kannan in
8372-409: Was wanted for killing approximately 50 people, about half of whom were police officers, including senior police and forest officials..He was also wanted for poaching about 200 elephants and smuggling ivory worth US$ 2,600,000 (₹16 crore) and about 10,000 tonnes of sandalwood worth approximately US$ 22,000,000 (₹143 crore). .During his video interview with Nakkeeran editor R. Gopal, he confessed to
8464-593: Was writing a book penning down his first hand account of the operation. After the operation, Kumar became the Chief of the CRPF and currently serves as Senior Security Advisor to the Home Ministry of India . Kumar said that he would not reveal any names in the book, but rather would focus on incidents that had led to the killing of Veerappan. The operation inspired several fictional works. A 125 episode tele-serial named Santhanakadu,
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