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14-414: White has moved the king's pawn two squares and Black has replied in kind. The result is an Open Game. Other responses to 1.e4 are termed Semi-Open Games or Single King's Pawn Games. When written in lowercase, the term "open game" refers to a chess position where ranks , files and diagonals are open, and tending to more tactical gameplay. It is possible that an Open Game may lead to

28-410: A closed game . White opens by playing 1.e4, which is the most popular opening move and has many strengths – it immediately stakes a claim in the center , and frees two pieces (the queen and king's bishop ) for action. The oldest openings in chess follow 1.e4. Bobby Fischer wrote that 1.e4 is "Best by test." On the negative side, 1.e4 places a pawn on an undefended square and weakens

42-453: A transposition is a sequence of moves that results in a position that may also be reached by another, more common sequence of moves. Transpositions are particularly common in the opening , where a given position may be reached by different sequences of moves. Players sometimes use transpositions deliberately, to avoid variations they dislike, lure opponents into unfamiliar or uncomfortable territory or simply to worry opponents. To transpose

56-654: Is almost never seen. The most popular alternatives to 2.Nf3 are 2.f4 (the King's Gambit ), 2.Nc3 (the Vienna Game ), and 2.Bc4 (the Bishop's Opening ). These three openings have some similarities; some of the quieter lines in the Vienna and Bishop's Opening can transpose to positional variations of the King's Gambit Declined, when White plays f2–f4 before playing Nf3. The King's Gambit was popular in

70-479: Is considered a joke opening. Bibliography Semi-Open Game Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.150 via cp1114 cp1114, Varnish XID 487634615 Upstream caches: cp1114 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 08:34:06 GMT Transposition (chess) In chess ,

84-830: Is to sacrifice one or two pawns by offering the Danish Gambit (3.c3). The early development of the queen in the Danvers Opening , also known as the Parham Attack (2.Qh5), is usually played only by amateurs, though Hikaru Nakamura has experimented with it in grandmaster tournaments and was able to achieve a reasonable position. The Napoleon Opening , 2.Qf3, has even less to recommend it as Black can easily block any mating threats without compromising their development. The Portuguese Opening (2.Bb5) and Alapin's Opening (2.Ne2) are offbeat tries for White, but neither gain any advantage against correct play. The Bongcloud Attack (2.Ke2)

98-585: Is to play a move that results in a transposition. Transposition tables are an essential part of a computer chess program. Transpositions exist in other abstract strategy games such as shogi , Go , tic-tac-toe and Hex . For instance, the first position can be obtained from the Queen's Gambit : But this position can also be reached from the English Opening : so the English Opening has transposed into

112-639: The Konstantinopolsky Opening (3.g3), and Inverted Hungarian Opening (3.Be2) are rarely played and offer White no advantage. Black's most popular alternative to 2...Nc6 is 2...Nf6 , usually leading to Petrov's Defense , though White can avoid the extensive theory of the Petrov by playing 3.Nc3. The Philidor Defense (2...d6) has the disadvantage of restricting the mobility of Black's king's bishop, and typically leads to solid but passive positions for Black. For this reason, it largely fell out of favor by

126-587: The Scotch Gambit (4.Bc4), a dangerous tactical line against an unprepared opponent. 3.Nc3 Nf6, the Four Knights Game , was often played in the late 19th to early 20th century. Less commonly, 3....g6 or ...Bb4, (the Three Knights Game ), are possible. The Ponziani Opening (3.c3) has never achieved widespread popularity but is occasionally used as a surprise weapon. Other third moves for White such as

140-627: The Queen's Gambit. The second position shows another example. The position can arise from the French Defence : The identical position can also be reached, with two extra moves played by each side, from the Petrov Defense : This third position shows another example. This position can be reached from the Exchange variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined : The identical position can also be reached from

154-587: The early 20th century as Black players sought more dynamic options; however, it is still occasionally seen at grandmaster level. The Gunderam Defense (2...Qe7) is an offbeat choice which blocks the development of the king's bishop, and has never achieved widespread popularity. The Elephant Gambit (2...d5) and the Latvian Gambit (2...f5) are considered very risky for Black, with the latter usually seen only in correspondence play. The Damiano Defense (2...f6) may be met by either 3.Nxe5 or 3.Bc4 with advantage and

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168-545: The most popular openings at all levels of chess, and one of the most extensively analyzed. The Italian Game (3.Bc4) is a popular alternative, usually leading to either the Giuoco Piano (3...Bc5) or the Two Knights Defense (3...Nf6). The Scotch Game (3.d4) was popular in the 19th century and remains so at amateur level. After 3...exd4 White may either recapture with 4.Nxd4, usually leading to an equal game, or play

182-517: The nineteenth century with grandmaster and amateur alike. White offers a pawn for speedy development, as well as to attack Black's central outpost. The Vienna Game also frequently features attacks on the Black center by means of f2–f4. In the Center Game (2.d4), White immediately opens the center, though if the pawn is to be recovered after 2...exd4, White must prematurely develop their queen. An alternative

196-481: The squares d4 and f4. If Black keeps the symmetry by replying 1...e5, the result is an Open Game ( Hooper & Whyld 1996 :279) ( Watson 2006 :87–90). The most popular second move for White is 2.Nf3 (the King's Knight Opening ), attacking Black's king pawn , preparing to castle kingside , and preparing for d2–d4. Black's most common reply to 2.Nf3 is 2...Nc6 . This can lead to the Ruy Lopez (3.Bb5), one of

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