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45-398: The simplest type of "one-man band" is a singer accompanying themselves on acoustic guitar and playing a harmonica mounted in a metal "harp rack" below the mouth. This approach is often taken by buskers and folk music singer-guitarists. More complicated setups may include wind instruments strapped around the neck, a large bass drum mounted on the musician's back with a beater which

90-626: A Renaissance music motet ). An accompanist is a musician who plays an accompaniment part. Accompanists often play keyboard instruments (e.g., piano , pipe organ , synthesizer ) or, in folk music and traditional styles, a guitar . While sight-reading (the ability to play a notated piece of music without preparing it) is important for many types of musicians, it is essential for professional accompanists. In auditions for musical theater and orchestras, an accompanist will often have to sight read music. A number of classical pianists have found success as accompanists rather than soloists; arguably

135-400: A rock band or rhythm section in rock and pop; a jazz quartet in jazz); all the way to larger ensembles, such as concert bands , Big Bands (in jazz), pit orchestras in musical theatre ; and orchestras , which, in addition to playing symphonies , can also provide accompaniment to a concerto solo instrumentalist or to solo singers in opera . With choral music , the accompaniment to

180-698: A contract with the fledgling ABC-Bluesway label, but Reed never produced another hit. In 1968, he toured Europe with the American Folk Blues Festival . Reed died of respiratory failure in 1976, in Oakland, California , eight days short of his 51st birthday. He is interred in the Lincoln Cemetery , in Blue Island, Illinois. Reed was posthumously inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1980, and

225-543: A footpedal-operated "sock" (hi-hat cymbal), a homemade neck harness (for a harmonica, kazoo and microphone), and a 12-string guitar . Fate Norris , of the Skillet Lickers , a hillbilly string band of the 1920s and early 1930s developed a geared mechanical contraption with footpedals that enabled him to play guitar, bells, bass fiddle , fiddle , autoharp and mouth harp. Joe Barrick, who was born in Oklahoma in 1922, wanted

270-700: A long-running annual one in Santa Cruz, California, and others in various countries. Live looping can be sung along prerecorded sounds. Since the development of Musical Instrument Digital Interface ( MIDI ) in the 1980s, musicians have also incorporated chest-mounted MIDI drum pads, foot-mounted electronic drum triggers. Some "one-man bands" use organ-style pedal keyboards to perform basslines . A small number of MIDI enthusiasts use custom-made MIDI controllers connected to different parts of their bodies to trigger music on synthesizers. Custom-made MIDI controllers range from wind-operated controllers to small triggers mounted on

315-538: A multitrack studio and synchronize it with video multitrack video playing on all instruments, creating a one-man band illusion. One-man bands in this context have become more common in extreme metal , especially black metal , where a number of bands apart from Burzum consist of only one member. Such artists include Nargaroth , Xasthur , Falkenbach , Arckanum , Nortt , Horde , and others. While most of these bands do not play live, some such as Nargaroth hire additional musicians for live performances. "One-woman band"

360-481: A musician (typically a pianist) who plays for singers, dancers, and other performers at an audition or rehearsal —but who does not necessarily participate in the ensemble that plays for the final performance (which might be an orchestra or a big band ). An accompaniment figure is a musical gesture used repeatedly in an accompaniment, such as: Notated accompaniment may be indicated obbligato (obliged) or ad libitum (at one's pleasure). Dialogue accompaniment

405-721: A performer who plays every instrument on a recorded song one at a time, and then mixes them together in a multitrack studio . While this approach to recording is more common in electronica genres such as techno and acid house than R&B and rock music, some R&B and rock performers such as Joe Hill Louis , Stevie Wonder , Prince , Lenny Kravitz , Paul McCartney , Elliott Smith , Kevin Parker , Kabir Suman , Dave Edmunds , John Fogerty , Emitt Rhodes , Todd Rundgren , Pete Townshend , Steve Winwood , Roy Wood , Nik Kershaw , Dave Grohl ( Foo Fighters ), and Les Fradkin have made records in which they play every instrument (one after

450-482: A single instrument, as these instruments can play chords and basslines simultaneously (chords and a bassline are easier to play simultaneously on keyboard instruments, but a fingerpicking guitarist can play chords and a bassline simultaneously on guitar). A solo singer can accompany themself by playing guitar or piano while they sing, and in some rare cases, a solo singer can even accompany themself just using their voice and body (e.g., Bobby McFerrin ). Alternatively,

495-500: A stick) with a footpedal-operated pair of cymbals. Blues singers such as "Daddy Stovepipe" (Johnny Watson) would sing, play guitar, and stomp their feet for rhythm, or used a foot pedal to play bass drum or cymbal. One of the earliest modern exponents of multiple instruments was Jesse Fuller . Fuller developed a foot-operated bass instrument which he called the " footdella ", which had six bass strings which were struck by hammers. In "one-man-band" shows, Fuller would use his "footdella",

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540-460: A tune may have a fully notated bassline, but then for the improvised solos, the arranger may just write out chord symbols (e.g., Bb G7/c min F7), with the expectation that the bassist improvise her own walking bass part. Jimmy Reed Mathis James Reed (September 6, 1925 – August 29, 1976) was an American blues musician and songwriter. His particular style of electric blues was popular with

585-472: A vocal solo can be provided by other singers in the choir , who sing harmony parts or countermelodies . Accompaniment parts range from so simple that a beginner can play them (e.g., simple three-note triad chords in a traditional folk song) to so complex that only an advanced player or singer can perform them (e.g., the piano parts in Schubert 's Lieder art songs from the 19th century or vocal parts from

630-478: A way of accompanying himself on fiddle, so he built a contraption with a guitar neck on a board with footpedals to operate the notes. Subsequent versions of this "piatar" also had bass guitar and banjo necks and a snare drum which are played by foot-operated hammers. To change notes on the guitar-family instruments, a foot treadle operates a mechanical fretting device. Two notable one-man blues bands active in Memphis in

675-519: A wide variety of audiences. Reed's songs such as "Honest I Do" (1957), " Baby What You Want Me to Do " (1960), " Big Boss Man " (1961), and " Bright Lights, Big City " (1961) appeared on both Billboard magazine's R&B and Hot 100 singles charts. Reed influenced many other musicians, including Elvis Presley , Hank Williams Jr. , Neil Young , and the Rolling Stones , who recorded his songs. Music critic Cub Koda describes him as "perhaps

720-567: Is a form of call and response in which the lead and accompaniment alternate, the accompaniment playing during the rests of the lead and providing a drone or silence during the main melody or vocal . The accompaniment instrumentalists and/or singers can be provided with a fully notated accompaniment part written or printed on sheet music . This is the norm in Classical music and in most large ensemble writing (e.g., orchestra , pit orchestra , choir ). In popular music and traditional music ,

765-451: Is also used in a general sense to refer to a person who runs a small business alone (a sole-proprietorship business), particularly if the operation requires that person to assume multiple different roles, in a manner akin to the way a musical "one-man band" performer plays different instruments and sings at the same time. In some small businesses, the owner also produces the product or service, markets it and delivers it to clients. In TV news,

810-491: Is connected to a foot pedal, cymbals strapped between the knees or triggered by a pedal mechanism, tambourines and maracas tied to the limbs, and a stringed instrument strapped over the shoulders (e.g., a banjo , ukulele or guitar ). Since the development of Musical Instrument Digital Interface ( MIDI ) in the 1980s, musicians have also incorporated chest-mounted MIDI drum pads, foot-mounted electronic drum triggers, and electronic pedal keyboards into their set-ups. In

855-548: Is not used very often in the vernacular, but women have increasingly had a presence as musicians in most forms of music. Edith Crash who creates "dark and haunting, drawn-out melodies". In the 2000s, as digital looping pedals became widely available, performers have been able to use a mixture of previously recorded music, delay effects, and looping devices in live performances of everything from beatboxing to classical violin. Live looping performers create layered looped accompaniment for musical solos that are sung or played later in

900-561: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991. The Rolling Stones have cited Reed as a major influence on their sound, and their early set lists included Reed's songs " Ain't That Lovin' You Baby ", "The Sun Is Shining" (played by the Stones at the 1969 Altamont concert ), "Bright Lights, Big City", and "Shame, Shame, Shame". " Little by Little ", the B-side of their February 1964 UK hit single " Not Fade Away "

945-432: The rhythmic and/or harmonic support for the melody or main themes of a song or instrumental piece. There are many different styles and types of accompaniment in different genres and styles of music. In homophonic music , the main accompaniment approach used in popular music , a clear vocal melody is supported by subordinate chords . In popular music and traditional music , the accompaniment parts typically provide

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990-404: The "beat" for the music and outline the chord progression of the song or instrumental piece. The accompaniment for a vocal melody or instrumental solo can be played by a single musician playing an instrument such as piano , pipe organ , or guitar . While any instrument can in theory be used as an accompaniment instrument, keyboard and guitar-family instruments tend to be used if there is only

1035-476: The 1840s and 1850s described a blind street performer who played bells, the violin and accordions. Guitarist Jim Garner played guitar with his hands and triangle with his feet, and Will Blankenship of the Blankenship family of North Carolina played harmonica, autoharp and triangle in shows during the 1930s. In the 1940s, entertainer and clown Benny Dougal used a crude "stump fiddle" (a single string stretched on

1080-441: The 1950s were Doctor Ross and Joe Hill Louis , playing guitar, harmonica and bass drum/ high-hat . The simple guitar and harmonica combination (as used by such musicians as Tex Williams , Anton Newcombe , Jimmy Reed , Bob Dylan , Neil Young , and Ray Dorset of Mungo Jerry ) is so common now that it is rarely considered to be a one-man band. British-born Don Partridge made the classic one-man band outfit (bass drum on

1125-400: The 2000s and 2010s, the availability of affordable digital looping pedals has enabled singer-musicians to record a riff or chord progression and then solo or sing over it. The earliest known records of multiple musical instruments being played at the same time date from the 13th century, and were the pipe and tabor . The pipe was a simple three-holed flute that could be played with one hand;

1170-557: The Reed-inspired instrumental "Like Jimmy Reed Again", which was released on a reissue of their album Having a Rave Up . The Animals considered Reed one of their main sources of inspiration and recorded versions of "I Ain't Got You" and "Bright Lights, Big City". Van Morrison 's group Them covered "Bright Lights, Big City" and "Baby, What You Want Me to Do", both of which are on the album The Story of Them Featuring Van Morrison . "Big Boss Man", sung by Ron "Pigpen" McKernan ,

1215-549: The Seventies (1981) By the 1950s, Reed had established himself as a popular musician. He joined the Gary Kings with John Brim and played on the street with Willie Joe Duncan. Reed failed to gain a recording contract with Chess Records , but signed with Vee-Jay Records through Brim's drummer, Albert King . At Vee-Jay, Reed began playing again with Eddie Taylor and soon released "You Don't Have to Go", his first hit record. It

1260-596: The accompaniment instrumentalists often improvise their accompaniment, either based on a lead sheet or chord chart which indicates the chords used in the song or piece (e.g., C Major, d minor, G7, or Nashville Numbers or Roman numerals, such as I, ii, V7, etc.) or by " playing by ear ". To achieve a stylistic correct sound the accompaniment pattern should remind or imitate the original version using similar rhythms and patterns. Chord-playing musicians (e.g., those playing guitar , piano , Hammond organ , etc.) can improvise chords, "fill-in" melodic lines and solos from

1305-399: The accompaniment to a vocal melody or instrumental solo can be provided by a musical ensemble , ranging in size from a duo (e.g., cello and piano; guitar and double bass; synthesizer and percussion); a trio (e.g., a rock power trio of electric guitar , electric bass and drum kit ; an organ trio ); a quartet (e.g., a string quartet in Classical music can accompany a solo singer ;

1350-411: The arms or feet. At a certain point, the use of body MIDI controllers may come to resemble performance art , because the musical sounds are triggered by the performer assuming certain poses or dancing. One of the pioneers of this performance art is McRorie Live Electronic, who uses drum sensors on his shoes, tom sensors on his chest, separate rhythm and bass keyboards and vocal lead instruments. The term

1395-512: The back, guitar and harmonica) famous in the streets of Europe , and was an early busker to enter the Top Ten of the UK Singles Chart , with his hit singles "Rosie" and "Blue Eyes" in 1968. Modern one-man bands include such performers as Hasil Adkins and Sterling Magee , better known as "Mister Satan," from Satan and Adam . The term "one-man band" is also colloquially used to describe

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1440-447: The best known example is Gerald Moore , well known as a Lieder accompanist. In some American schools, the term collaborative piano is used, and hence, the title "collaborative pianist" (or collaborative artist) is replacing the title accompanist, because in many art songs and contemporary classical music songs, the piano part is complex and demands an advanced level of musicianship and technique. The term accompanist also refers to

1485-588: The chord chart. It is rare for chords to be fully written out in music notation in pop and traditional music. Some guitarists, bassists and other stringed instrumentalists read accompaniment parts using tabulature (or "tab"), a notation system which shows the musician where on the instrument to play the notes. Drummers can play accompaniment by following the lead sheet, a sheet music part in music notation, or by playing by ear. In pop and traditional music, bass players, which may be upright bass or electric bass , or another instrument, such as bass synth , depending on

1530-478: The first two albums released by Dashboard Confessional , Varg Vikernes for Burzum and Billy Corgan for The Smashing Pumpkins since 2009. Nash the Slash (1948–2014) played all instruments on his recordings. He also played solo concerts from 1975 to 2012, using synchronized drum machines and synthesizers as he plays either an electric violin or electric mandolin . Some artists record and mixed their music in

1575-526: The hits " Baby What You Want Me to Do ", " Big Boss Man " and " Bright Lights, Big City ". He then moved to Gary, Indiana , to work at an Armour meat-packing plant. "At his best—on Vee-Jay in the '50s—Reed sang with the languid self-assurance of a man who never ran for the bus because he wanted to spend the fare on a glass of wine, and the unindustrious shuffle rhythms of the Vee-Jay band ambled right along behind." – Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of

1620-678: The most influential bluesman of all," due to his easily accessible style. Reed was born in Dunleith, Mississippi . He learned the harmonica and guitar from his friend Eddie Taylor . After several years of busking and performing there, he moved to Chicago , Illinois , in 1943. He was then drafted into the U.S. Navy and served in World War II . He was discharged in 1945 and returned briefly to Mississippi, marrying his girlfriend, Mary (henceforth known as Mama Reed). Mama Reed would be an uncredited background singer on many of his recordings, notably

1665-474: The other). Mike Oldfield was noted for using this recording technique during the recording of his 1973 album Tubular Bells . Other examples of a one-man band in the recording studio are Dave Grohl for the first studio album by the Foo Fighters , Trent Reznor for Nine Inch Nails , jazz piano player Keith Jarrett for his album No End , Peter Tägtgren for Pain (musical project) , Chris Carrabba for

1710-402: The phrase refers to a reporter who also functions as their own cameraperson via the use of a tripod. In 2011, professional wrestler Heath Slater climbed to fame with the nickname "The One-Man Rock Band", which was later changed to "The One-Man Southern Rock Band" in reference to his being billed from West Virginia . Accompaniment Accompaniment is the musical part which provides

1755-479: The song. Using this technology, a simultaneous combination of various instruments and vocals, or one instrument played in different ways, can be created over the course of one musical piece which rivals the sounds of studio recording. Notable artists who incorporate this technique live include Ed Sheeran , Keller Williams , That 1 Guy , Zach Deputy , and KT Tunstall . Rick Walker is another looper and multi-instrumentalist who has organized looping festivals, including

1800-427: The style of music, are usually expected to be able to improvise a bassline from a chord chart or learn the song from a recording. In some cases, an arranger or composer may give a bassist a bass part that is fully written out in music notation . In. some arranged music parts, there is a mix of written-out accompaniment and improvisation. For example, in a big band bass part, the introduction and melody ("head") to

1845-465: The tabor is more commonly known today as a snare drum . This type of playing can still be heard in parts of rural France, in England and Spain. An Elizabethan -era woodcut shows a clown playing the pipe and tabor. An 1820s watercolour painting shows a one-man band with a rhythm-making stick, panpipes around his neck and a bass drum and tambourine beside him. Henry Mayhew 's history of London street life in

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1890-609: Was a pastiche of "Shame, Shame, Shame". "Honest I Do" was included on their first album, The Rolling Stones (subtitled England's Newest Hit Makers in America), in 1964 (the U.S. edition also included "Little by Little"). For their 2016 release, Blue & Lonesome , they recorded a version of Reed's "Little Rain". The Yardbirds recorded "I Ain't Got You" for the B-side of their second single " Good Morning Little Schoolgirl " with guitarist Eric Clapton . With Jeff Beck , they recorded

1935-667: Was also covered by Wishbone Ash on their 1973 album Live Dates . Johnny and Edgar Winter performed it live in 1975 and included it on their album Together . Omar Kent Dykes and Jimmie Vaughan released the album On the Jimmy Reed Highway as a tribute to Reed. Bill Cosby covered four of Reed's songs, "Bright Lights, Big City", "Big Boss Man", "Hush Hush" and "Aw Shucks, Hush Your Mouth", for his 1967 album, Silver Throat: Bill Cosby Sings . The Steve Miller Band covered five of Reed's songs: "You're So Fine" (originally recorded by Reed as "Honey, Where You Going?"), on

1980-400: Was followed by a long string of hit songs. Reed maintained his reputation despite his rampant alcoholism; his wife sometimes had to help him remember the lyrics to his songs while recording. In 1957, Reed developed epilepsy , though the condition was not correctly diagnosed for a long time, as Reed and doctors assumed it was delirium tremens . When Vee-Jay Records closed, his manager signed

2025-499: Was regularly performed by the Grateful Dead in the 1960s and early 1970s and appears on their live album Grateful Dead Elvis Presley recorded several of Reed's songs, having a hit with "Big Boss Man" in 1967 and recording several performances of "Baby, What You Want Me to Do" for his 1968 TV program . (Presley's 1964 hit "Ain't That Lovin' You Baby" is a different song from that recorded by Reed.) "Baby, What You Want Me to Do"

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