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39-607: Ondangwa is said to mean the end of the Ondonga area . ( Ondonga is one of the kingdoms of Ovamboland ), and Ondangwa is located on the western edge of this kingdom. Ondangwa is located about 60 km (37 mi) from the Angolan border, along the B1 road. It is one of the places of residence of the Kings of Ondonga ; the current King Eliphas Kauluma , father to the reigning king, lives here. Most of

78-652: A desert climate . There are different kinds of semi-arid climates, depending on variables such as temperature, and they give rise to different biomes . A more precise definition is given by the Köppen climate classification , which treats steppe climates ( BSh and BSk ) as intermediates between desert climates (BW) and humid climates (A, C, D) in ecological characteristics and agricultural potential. Semi-arid climates tend to support short, thorny or scrubby vegetation and are usually dominated by either grasses or shrubs as they usually cannot support forests. To determine if

117-458: A tropical savanna climate or a humid subtropical climate . These climates tend to have hot, or sometimes extremely hot, summers and warm to cool winters, with some to minimal precipitation. Hot semi-arid climates are most commonly found around the fringes of subtropical deserts. Hot semi-arid climates are most commonly found in Africa , Australia , and South Asia . In Australia, a large portion of

156-652: A couple of Christian families, and some of his servants were also Christians, so a small congregation existed in Ondangwa right from the beginning. In 1898 the FMS sent Hilja Lindberg and Anna Rautanen , daughter of Martti Rautanen , to Ovamboland and Ondangwa. They were the first unmarried female missionaries in Ovamboland. Both had been given a chance to practice healthcare work at the Helsinki Deaconess Institute , as

195-434: A location has a semi-arid climate, the precipitation threshold must first be determined. The method used to find the precipitation threshold (in millimeters): If the area's annual precipitation in millimeters is less than the threshold but more than half or 50% the threshold, it is classified as a BS (steppe, semi-desert, or semi-arid climate). Furthermore, to delineate hot semi-arid climates from cold semi-arid climates,

234-409: A mean annual temperature of 18 °C (64.4 °F) is used as an isotherm. A location with a BS -type climate is classified as hot semi-arid ( BSh ) if its mean temperature is above this isotherm, and cold semi-arid ( BSk ) if not. Hot semi-arid climates (type "BSh") tend to be located from the high teens to mid-30s latitudes of the tropics and subtropics , typically in proximity to regions with

273-410: A variety of accommodation options, from camp sites to a range of hotels. Informal markets sell a variety of products including traditional clothes and local street food such as dried caterpillars and meat dishes. Ondangwa has a semi-arid climate ( BSh , according to the Köppen climate classification ), with hot summers and warm winters (with mild days and cool nights). The average annual precipitation

312-590: A week back and forth between Windhoek and Ondangwa before it broke down due to climatic conditions. Ondangwa Airport is linked to Oshakati and Oshikango by a tarred road. Rental car services are available to tourists. There is Ekamuti Lodge, Ondangwa Town Lodge, Protea Hotel, Oshoto Pension Hotel, Anot Guest House, Ondangwa Restcamp and many others. All these places can give accommodation in Ondangwa Residents and car drivers are extra cautious when crossing and driving in town, because livestock permission in town

351-515: Is KK Palace and Volcano . Ondangwa was an important transit point for Owambo contract workers going to or coming from the copper- and lead-mining town of Tsumeb , 270 kilometres (170 mi) southeast. In 2001, planning started on a railway line to link Tsumeb with Ondangwa, with extensions to Angola planned to follow. The rail line had its first official service on 11 May 2006. The passenger train Omugulugwombashe Star traveled once

390-439: Is 448 mm (18 in), with rainfall occurring mainly during summer. In the unusual rainy season of 2010/2011 rainfall was over 1,000 millimetres (39 in), while in 2018/19 during the 2010s drought only 169 mm (6.7 in) of rain fell. On October 28, 2020, a maximum temperature of 43.2 °C (109.8 °F) was registered. Ondangwa is governed by a town council that has seven seats. Current challenges faced include

429-664: Is a traditional kingdom of the Ovambo people in what is today northern Namibia . Its capital is Ondangwa , and the kingdom's palace is at Onambango . Its people call themselves Aandonga . They speak the Ndonga dialect . The Ondonga kingdom is ruled by an Omukwaniilwa (king), assisted by a council of elders, the Ondonga Traditional Authority . After the death of king Immanuel Kauluma Elifas in March 2019, Fillemon Shuumbwa Nangolo

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468-412: Is matrilinear. Both king and queen are to marry outside the royal family. The first in line to the throne is the oldest surviving brother of the king, then followed by his sisters' sons. If there are several such nephews, the royal family and selected elders of the kingdom make a recommendation. However, succession is this way is not automatic, and ultimately decided by the traditional authority, over which

507-492: Is not strictly regulated by the authorities. As a result, cattle and many goats roam around streets, especially at night. Ondangwa is situated amidst the dramatic scenery of the Kaoko and Damara regions, in the vicinity of Etosha National Park . The relatively pristine state of much of the local culture in the surrounding areas is balanced by the bustling markets and vibrant urban life of the town centre. For visitors, Ondangwa town has

546-455: Is on of Namibia's seven major prisons. Ondangwa features various shopping centre, a large open market, and several tourism facilities. There are also shopping centres such as Gwashamba mall, Yetu complex, Ondangwa Industrial Park, Time Square Mall, Sun Square mall, Andimba Toivo yaToivo Complex, Three Sisters Mall and others. Many local authorities for the Oshana and Oshikoto regions are seated in

585-724: The ABC Islands , the rain shadows of Hispaniola 's mountain ranges in the Dominican Republic and Haiti , parts of the Southwestern United States including California's Central Valley , and sections of South America such as the sertão , the Gran Chaco , and the poleward side of the arid deserts, where they typically feature a Mediterranean precipitation pattern, with generally rainless summers and wetter winters. They are also found in few areas of Europe surrounding

624-527: The Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) which gained 158 votes. SWAPO also won the 2020 local authority election . It obtained 1923 votes and gained four seats. The Independent Patriots for Change (IPC), an opposition party formed in August 2020, obtained 1,744 votes and gained three seats. Paavo Amwele is mayor of Ondangwa. The Ondangwa mission station was founded by August Pettinen in 1890. It

663-586: The Mediterranean Basin . In Europe, BSh climates are predominantly found in southeastern Spain . It can also be found primarily in parts of south Greece but also in marginal areas of Thessaloniki and Chalkidiki in north Greece , most of Formentera , marginal areas of Ibiza and marginal areas of Italy in Sicily , Sardinia and Lampedusa . Cold semi-arid climates (type "BSk") tend to be located in elevated portions of temperate zones generally from

702-518: The Outback surrounding the central desert regions lies within the hot semi-arid climate region. In South Asia, both India and parts of Pakistan experience the seasonal effects of monsoons and feature short but well-defined wet seasons , but are not sufficiently wet overall to qualify as either a tropical savanna or a humid subtropical climate. Hot semi-arid climates can be also found in parts of North America , such as most of northern Mexico ,

741-495: The Finns and were not motivated to produce their own material. This experiment thus had to be abandoned. In 1900 the director of the FMS, Jooseppi Mustakallio , came to Ovamboland to inspect the mission field. One of the sites inspected was Ondangwa. He was in general happy with what he saw there. When August Hänninen arrived in Ovamboland in 1904, Ondangwa became for a short time the most important place of health care there. Hänninen

780-483: The Finns could only work in the west, because in eastern Ondonga, Prince Nehale had been acting in an erratic and despotic way and thus made it impossible for foreigners to work or even survive there. In August 1889 the Finns received news that Nehale was planning to kill them and to plunder the mission stations in his realm. The reason for this was that Nehale thought, incorrectly, that the Finns would have much ammunition that he could acquire. Pettinen had brought with him

819-458: The consent of Kambonde. When Albin decided that he would not continue to act against the king, his brother Martin assassinated him. This led into an armed conflict between the supporters of these two brothers. Circa 40 Ondonga men were killed in this conflict, and as a result of the affair, two other brothers, also in line for the throne, had to go into exile. It seems that most people in Ondangwa lost their fortunes in this conflict, since in 1908 it

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858-569: The first time. The commander of the English was Major C. N. Manning, whose title was the Resident Commissioner . In October 1915 Lieutenant C. H. L. Hahn arrived in Ovamboland. He was the grandson of Carl Hugo Hahn , raised by the son of the latter, Pastor Carl Hugo Hahn Jr. , in Paarl , Cape Province . He worked in Ovamboland as the highest administrator for 30 years and had a great influence on

897-410: The growing demand for housing due to rapid urbanisation, as well unemployment. TIPEEG, a government project to create jobs, is intended to assist in curbing unemployment in the town. The council has produced a development plan with guiding documents in the hope of facilitating investment. In order to combat the shortage of housing, the council has entered into a private-public partnership with Namibou, for

936-560: The highway was unpaved beyond Otjiwarongo , by the end of the decade the tarmac extended through Ondangwa to Oshakati . As the Namibian War of Independence intensified, Ondangwa became a target for the South West African People's Organization until South Africa's withdrawal from the region in 1990. 17°55′S 15°57′E  /  17.917°S 15.950°E  / -17.917; 15.950 Ondonga Ondonga

975-428: The intended construction of roughly a thousand houses. It has also declared the aim of making the local government "an engine for sustainable development" in the region, and joined ICLEI in 2013. Oshana Region, to which Ondangwa belongs, is a stronghold of Namibia's ruling SWAPO party. In the 2015 local authority election SWAPO won by a landslide (2,582 votes) and gained six council seats. The remaining seat went to

1014-452: The king presides. If for instance the first in line is not considered capable, someone else might be recommended. There are two matrilinear lines in the Ondonga kingdom, one from Epale and one from Onethika . Under normal circumstances ascension alternates between the two. The king's residence is not at a predetermined village and depends on where the king chooses to reside. The past two kings resided at Onamungundo , previous places of

1053-525: The mid-30s to low 50s latitudes, typically bordering a humid continental climate or a Mediterranean climate . They are also typically found in continental interiors some distance from large bodies of water. Cold semi-arid climates usually feature warm to hot dry summers, though their summers are typically not quite as hot as those of hot semi-arid climates. Unlike hot semi-arid climates, areas with cold semi-arid climates tend to have cold and possibly freezing winters. These areas usually see some snowfall during

1092-457: The plan was that they would be engaged in this line of work in Ovamboland. Lindberg was also going to teach Ovambo women how to spin and weave cotton. However, the cultivation and processing of cotton turned out to require too much labour and water, and the results were not in a reasonable proportion compared with the amount of work required. Furthermore, the Ovambos were used to getting material from

1131-567: The relations between the Finnish missionaries and the colonial administration. The official status of the government station in Ondangwa was not sorted out until several years later, when in 1921 the government finally bought it from the Finns. In 1945, towards the end of World War II , the South African government sent an Organizer of Native Education to Northern Namibia, to oversee school work in Ovamboland and Kavango . The first such organizer

1170-518: The residents of the town speak Oshindonga . Ondangwa is the district capital of the Ondangwa electoral constituency . Since independence, the government has settled up an industry in the north, to create jobs and improve the poor infrastructure. Rössing Foundation , Kayec and Cosdec are the three vocational skills schools training young people in building maintenance, sewing, cooking, and Internet Technology. The Oluno Correctional Facility in Ondangwa

1209-494: The royal palace of the Aandonga included Oshamba , Olukonda , Okaloko , Ondjumba , Ontananga and Omwandi . This Namibia -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Semi-arid climate A semi-arid climate , semi-desert climate , or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration , but not as low as

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1248-987: The town, e.g. the Ministry of Education and Police. Onandjokwe State Hospital is situated nearby. There are several schools in the town, among them Andimba Toivo ya Toivo Senior Secondary School . Some schools extend far from the town - for instance Ekulo Senior Secondary School .In terms of education, there are many schools in Ondangwa such as Heroes Private School, Nangolo Secondary School, Iihenda Secondary School and Ondangwa Secondary School. There are also primary schools such as Olukolo Primary School and Ondangwa Prof-Private School and many other. Apart from schools that offer full time classes, there are also schools which offer part time classes to learners who want to improve their grade 10 and 12 results. These are schools such as Elite and NAMCOL. NAMCOL centre also offers other programmes such as ICDL which trains students on how to use computers and other ICT skills. The most well-known football team

1287-796: The winter, though snowfall is much lower than at locations at similar latitudes with more humid climates. Areas featuring cold semi-arid climates tend to have higher elevations than areas with hot semi-arid climates, and tend to feature major temperature swings between day and night, sometimes by as much as 20 °C (36 °F) or more. These large diurnal temperature variations are seldom seen in hot semi-arid climates. Cold semi-arid climates at higher latitudes tend to have dry winters and wetter summers, while cold semi-arid climates at lower latitudes tend to have precipitation patterns more akin to Mediterranean climates , with dry summers, relatively wet winters, and even wetter springs and autumns. Cold semi-arid climates are most commonly found in central Asia and

1326-494: Was D. R. Rootman, who was based in Ondangwa. Later this moved to Grootfontein , and the organizer visited Ovamboland once a year. Due to its strategic airport, Ondangwa became an important staging area for the South African Defence Force during its campaigns in neighbouring Angola . Local road and rail links were also improved by authorities to facilitate the rapid movement of military vehicles. While prior to 1970

1365-454: Was an armed conflict in the immediate vicinity of the Ondangwa mission station. The battle was connected to an attempted coup on Ondonga. The nephews of King Kambonde, Albin and Martin had been baptised and were next in line for the throne. Their aunt, Kambonde's sister Amutaleni incited them to kill the king. Even before this, the brothers had started to sort out things in Kambonde's realm, without

1404-428: Was appointed as successor and subsequently recognised by government . In Ondonga the cultural heritage cannot be separated from the landscape around them. Landmarks such as trees or oshanas can be important heritage sites because of the stories that are associated with them. As in other Owambo kingdoms, the most important heritage sites were the places where their ancestral leaders were buried. The king's succession

1443-541: Was located c. 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of the Olukonda mission station. At that time it was said that the distance was equal to two hours of travel on an ox cart. Before Ondangwa was founded, the Finns had experienced a string of setbacks in the territories of other Ovambo tribes , i.e. in the kingdoms of Uukwambi , Ongadjera in the west and Oukwanyama in the north, and circumstances dictated that their work had to be concentrated in Ondonga. Even in Ondonga,

1482-603: Was not trained for medicare work, but as a conscript in the army he had worked as a surgeon's assistant, or some kind of a paramedic, and he was eager to continue in this line of work in Ovamboland. Indeed, he soon became known as a famous healer. August Pettinen reported that in 1905, when many kinds of epidemics ravaged Ovamboland, some 7,000 visits by patients had been made in Ondangwa. Even the following year there were 3,700 visits by patients. It appears that sometime after this Hänninen moved to Oniipa , where he used 4–5 hours daily for taking care of patients. In February 1906, there

1521-508: Was reported that the people in Ondangwa could not support their parish in any way whatsoever. In early 1914 the Finns had abandoned the Ondangwa mission station. When the British took over South West Africa during World War I , they also came to Ovamboland and in 1915 chose Ondangwa as the location of their administration. On Christmas Day that year they hoisted the Union Jack in Ondangwa for

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