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116-494: On Being is an hour-long radio show and podcast, hosted by Krista Tippett. Tippett has interviewed guests ranging from poets to physicists, doctors to historians, artists to activists. Her guests include the 14th Dalai Lama , Maya Angelou , Mohammed Fairouz , Desmond Tutu , Thich Nhat Hanh , Rosanne Cash , Wangari Maathai , Yo-Yo Ma , Paulo Coehlo , Brian Greene , John Polkinghorne , Jean Vanier , Joanna Macy , Sylvia Earle , and Elie Wiesel . In 2006, On Being became

232-527: A Loyalist during the American Revolution , in 1781, "to be appropriated towards the endowing a Professor of Laws ... or a Professor of Physick and Anatomy, whichever the said overseers and Corporation [of the college] shall judge to be best." The value of the land, when fully liquidated in 1809, was $ 2,938; the Harvard Corporation allocated $ 400 from the income generated by those funds to create

348-881: A democratic government, the Central Tibetan Administration . The Dalai Lama advocates for the welfare of Tibetans and since the early 1970s has called for the Middle Way Approach with China to peacefully resolve the issue of Tibet. This policy, adopted democratically by the Central Tibetan Administration and the Tibetan people through long discussions, seeks to find a middle ground, "a practical approach and mutually beneficial to both Tibetans and Chinese, in which Tibetans can preserve their culture and religion and uphold their identity," and China's assertion of sovereignty over Tibet, aiming to address

464-558: A "lab for returning civility to civic life", with a website containing conversation starters, video of live events, and interviews. Tippett describes the program as about "equipping people, wherever they may live, to create new conversational spaces". Harvard Law School has used resources from the Civil Conversations Project. In 2014, the Civil Conversations Project led an international pilot program in places such as Northern Ireland and Jordan . "thoughtfully delving into

580-433: A "science" gave university legal education a reason for being distinct from vocational preparation. Critics at first defended the old lecture method because it was faster and cheaper and made fewer demands on faculty and students. Advocates said the case method had a sounder theoretical basis in scientific research and the inductive method. Langdell's graduates became leading professors at other law schools where they introduced

696-456: A Lhasa accent, in a dialect the boy's mother could not understand. The next time the party returned to the house, they revealed their real purpose and asked permission to subject the boy to certain tests. One test consisted of showing him various pairs of objects, one of which had belonged to the 13th Dalai Lama and one which had not. In every case, he chose the Dalai Lama's own objects and rejected

812-473: A blue background, was adopted as part of the law school's arms in 1936, topped with the university's motto ( Veritas , Latin for 'truth'). Until the school began investigating its connections with slavery in the 2010s, most alumni and faculty at the time were unaware of the origins of the arms. In March 2016, following requests by students, the school decided to remove the emblem because of its association with slavery. In November 2019, Harvard announced that

928-601: A candidate had been found in Taktser, he had the family brought to him in Xining. He first demanded proof that the boy was the Dalai Lama, but the Lhasa government, though informed by Kewtsang that this was the one, told Kewtsang to say he had to go to Lhasa for further tests with other candidates. They knew that if he was declared to be the Dalai Lama, the Chinese government would insist on sending

1044-483: A cold and aloof administration, and an inaccessible faculty. The latter stereotype is a central plot element of The Paper Chase and appears in Legally Blonde . In response to the above criticisms, HLS eventually implemented the once-criticized but now dominant approach pioneered by Dean Robert Hutchins at Yale Law School , of shifting the competitiveness to the admissions process while making law school itself

1160-459: A further demand was made for another 330,000 dollars ransom: 100,000 each for government officials, the commander-in-chief, and the Kumbum Monastery; 20,000 for the escort; and only 10,000 for Ma Bufang himself, he said. Two years of diplomatic wrangling followed before it was accepted by Lhasa that the ransom had to be paid to avoid the Chinese getting involved and escorting him to Lhasa with

1276-441: A large army escort with him, which would then stay in Lhasa and refuse to budge. Ma Bufang, together with Kumbum Monastery , then refused to allow him to depart unless he was declared to be the Dalai Lama, but withdrew this demand in return for 100,000 Chinese dollars ransom in silver to be shared among them, to let them go to Lhasa. Kewtsang managed to raise this, but the family was only allowed to move from Xining to Kumbum when

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1392-424: A large army. Meanwhile, the boy was kept at Kumbum where two of his brothers were already studying as monks and recognised incarnate lamas. The payment of 300,000 silver dollars was then advanced by Muslim traders en route to Mecca in a large caravan via Lhasa. They paid Ma Bufang on behalf of the Tibetan government against promissory notes to be redeemed, with interest, in Lhasa. The 20,000-dollar fee for an escort

1508-507: A more cooperative experience. Robert Granfield and Thomas Koenig's 1992 study of Harvard Law students that appeared in The Sociological Quarterly found that students "learn to cooperate with rather than compete against classmates," and that contrary to "less eminent" law schools, students "learn that professional success is available for all who attend, and that therefore, only neurotic 'gunners' try to outdo peers." Under Kagan,

1624-411: A plaque acknowledging the indirect role played by slavery in its history: In honor of the enslaved whose labor created wealth that made possible the founding of Harvard Law School May we pursue the highest ideals of law and justice in their memory The governing body of the university voted to retire the law school's coat of arms . The school's shield incorporated the three garbs of wheat from

1740-656: A provocation against peace, and reminded him of the Indian Government's non-interventionist stance agreed upon with its 1954 treaty with China . Long called a "splittist" and "traitor" by China, the Dalai Lama has attempted formal talks over Tibet's status in China. In 2019, after the United States passed a law requiring the US to deny visas to Chinese officials in charge of implementing policies that restrict foreign access to Tibet,

1856-506: A small house with distinctive eaves. The team, led by Kewtsang Rinpoche , went first to meet the Panchen Lama , who had been stuck in Jyekundo , in northern Kham. The Panchen Lama had been investigating births of unusual children in the area ever since the death of the 13th Dalai Lama. He gave Kewtsang the names of three boys whom he had discovered and identified as candidates. Within a year

1972-559: A special palanquin carried by two mules, two years after being discovered. As soon as they were out of Ma Bufang's area, he was officially declared to be the 14th Dalai Lama by the Kashag , and after ten weeks of travel he arrived in Lhasa on 8 October 1939. The ordination ( pabbajja ) and giving of the monastic name of Tenzin Gyatso were arranged by Reting Rinpoche and according to the Dalai Lama "I received my ordination from Kyabjé Ling Rinpoché in

2088-607: A special series on "The American Consciousness," a collection of live interviews at the Chautauqua Institution with Michel Martin , Richard Rodriguez , Imani Perry , and Nathan Schneider . During part of the program's run, musician Lizzo rapped in the closing credits. Krista Tippett Public Productions (KTPP) was founded in 2013 by Krista Tippett as a non-profit production company with a 4,000-square-foot studio and live event space on Loring Park in Minneapolis. KTPP managed

2204-404: A weekly national program distributed by American Public Media (APM) in 2003. In 2010, the show's name changed to On Being . In 2013, Tippett left APM to start the non-profit production company, Krista Tippett Public Productions, which she described as "a social enterprise with a radio show at its heart". As of July 2014, On Being aired on 334 public radio stations across the United States, and

2320-502: A working group had been tasked to develop a new emblem. In August 2021, the new Harvard Law School emblem was introduced. Royall's Medford estate, the Isaac Royall House , is now a museum which features the only remaining slave quarters in the northeast United States. In 2019, the government of Antigua and Barbuda requested reparations from Harvard Law School on the grounds that it benefitted from Royall's enslavement of people in

2436-669: Is a strong indicator of official Chinese government involvement" since economic information is the primary goal of private Chinese hackers. In 2009 the personal office of the Dalai Lama asked researchers at the Munk Center for International Studies at the University of Toronto to check its computers for malicious software. This led to uncovering GhostNet , a large-scale cyber spying operation which infiltrated at least 1,295 computers in 103 countries, including embassies, foreign ministries, other government offices, and organisations affiliated with

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2552-463: Is a widely read discussion platform for critical engagement with the human rights project. It features legal arguments, advocacy pieces, applied research, practitioner's notes and other forms of reflections related to human rights law, theory, and practice. The Harvard Law Bulletin is the magazine of record for Harvard Law School. The Harvard Law Bulletin was first published in April 1948. The magazine

2668-399: Is currently published twice a year, but in previous years has been published four or six times a year. The magazine was first published online in fall 1997. The cost of tuition for the 2022–2023 school year (9 month term) was $ 72,430. A mandatory student health fee was $ 1,304, bringing the total direct costs for the 2022–2023 school year to $ 73,734. The total cost of attendance (indicating

2784-420: Is home to the world's largest academic law library . The school has an estimated 115 full-time faculty members. According to Harvard Law's 2020 ABA -required disclosures, 99% of 2019 graduates passed the bar exam. The school's graduates accounted for more than one-quarter of all Supreme Court clerks between 2000 and 2010, more than any other law school in the United States. Harvard Law School's founding

2900-403: Is inconceivable". Tippett says that "conduct in public spaces may be as important as the positions we take"; and "How do we walk in disagreement while keeping as much of our society intact as we can?" The Civil Conversations Project has been described in southwestjournal.com as "an ever-evolving effort to help others host the kind of nuanced and empathetic discussions they hear on On Being ", and

3016-414: Is inseparable from extreme abuse. Evidence to support this linkage has not been found by scholars other than those close to Chinese governmental circles. Goldstein, for example, notes that although the system was based on serfdom, it was not necessarily feudal, and he refutes any automatic link with extreme abuse." The 19-year-old Dalai Lama toured China for almost a year from 1954 to 1955, meeting many of

3132-680: Is the first elected sikyong of the Tibetan Government in Exile . In 2004, he earned a S.J.D. degree from Harvard Law School and was a recipient of the 2004 Yong K. Kim' 95 Prize of excellence for his dissertation "Democracy in Distress: Is Exile Polity a Remedy? A Case Study of Tibet's Government-in-exile". Sixteen of the school's graduates have served on the Supreme Court of the United States , more than any other law school. Four of

3248-697: Is the incumbent Dalai Lama , the highest spiritual leader and head of Tibetan Buddhism . Before 1959, he served as both the resident spiritual and temporal leader of Tibet, and subsequently established and led the Tibetan government in exile represented by the Central Tibetan Administration in Dharamsala , India. The adherents of Tibetan Buddhism consider the Dalai Lama a living Bodhisattva , specifically an emanation of Avalokiteśvara (in Sanskrit) or Chenrezig (in Tibetan),

3364-482: Is the oldest law school in continuous operation in the United States. Each class in the three-year JD program has approximately 560 students, which is among the largest of the top 150 ranked law schools in the United States. The first-year class is broken into seven sections of approximately 80 students, who take most first-year classes together. Aside from the JD program, Harvard also awards both LLM and SJD degrees. HLS

3480-612: Is to hear how intelligent and thoughtful religious people can be when they are allowed to be subjective and not merely regurgitate dogma." In 2008 the show produced a series of programs called "Repossessing Virtue", exploring the spiritual and moral aspects of the economic recession. Other series have included "Revealing Ramadan" and "Living Islam" and "The Civil Conversations Project." In 2014, On Being produced two radio specials. "Science on Human Frontiers" included interviews with Brian Greene, Natalie Batalha, S. James Gates , Sylvia Earle, and Esther Sternberg. Most recently On Being produced

3596-458: Is traced to the establishment of a 'law department' at Harvard in 1819. Dating the founding to the year of the creation of the law department makes Harvard Law School the oldest continuously operating law school in the United States. William & Mary Law School opened first in 1779, but it closed due to the American Civil War , reopening in 1920. The University of Maryland School of Law

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3712-715: The Chinese language ," a form of Central Plains Mandarin , and his family speak neither Amdo Tibetan nor Lhasa Tibetan . After the demise of the 13th Dalai Lama, in 1935, the Ordinance of Lama Temple Management was published by the Central Government. In 1936, the Method of Reincarnation of Lamas was published by the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission of the Central Government. Article 3 states that death of lamas, including

3828-651: The General Assembly in 1959, 1961, and 1965, all before the People's Republic was allowed representation at the United Nations . The resolutions called on China to respect the human rights of Tibetans . In 1963, he promulgated a democratic constitution which is based upon the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , creating an elected parliament and an administration to champion his cause. In 1970, he opened

3944-556: The Government of Tibet in Exile in Dharamshala , India, which is often referred to as " Little Lhasa ". After the founding of the government in exile he re-established the approximately 80,000 Tibetan refugees who followed him into exile in agricultural settlements. He created a Tibetan educational system in order to teach the Tibetan children the language , history , religion , and culture . The Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts

4060-604: The Harvard Graduate Council . Students of the Juris Doctor (JD) program are involved in preparing and publishing the Harvard Law Review , one of the most highly cited university law reviews , as well as several other law journals and an independent student newspaper. The Harvard Law Review was first published in 1887 and has been staffed and edited by some of the school's most notable alumni. In addition to

4176-1555: The High Court of Australia , Stephen Gageler , senior counsel graduated from Harvard with an LL.M. Many HLS alumni are leaders and innovators in the business world. Its graduates include the current senior chairman of Goldman Sachs , Lloyd Blankfein ; former chief executive officer of Reddit , Ellen Pao ; current chairman of the board and majority owner of National Amusements Sumner Redstone ; current president and CEO of TIAA-CREF , Roger W. Ferguson Jr. ; current CEO and chairman of Toys "R" Us , Gerald L. Storch ; and former CEO of Delta Air Lines , Gerald Grinstein , among many others. Legal scholars who graduated from Harvard Law include Payam Akhavan , Henry Friendly , William P. Alford , Rachel Barkow , Yochai Benkler , Alexander Bickel , Andrew Burrows , Erwin Chemerinsky , Amy Chua , Sujit Choudhry , Robert C. Clark , Hugh Collins , James Joseph Duane , I. Glenn Cohen , Ronald Dworkin , Christopher Edley Jr. , Melvin A. Eisenberg , Susan Estrich , Jody Freeman , Gerald Gunther , Andrew T. Guzman , Louis Henkin , William A. Jacobson , Harold Koh , Richard J. Lazarus , Arthur R. Miller , Gerald L. Neuman , Eric Posner , Richard Posner , John Mark Ramseyer , Jed Rubenfeld , Lewis Sargentich , John Sexton , Jeannie Suk , Kathleen Sullivan , Cass Sunstein , Luke W. Cole , Laurence Tribe , Edwin R. Keedy , C. Raj Kumar and Tim Wu . In sports, David Otunga

4292-525: The Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamshala which houses over 80,000 manuscripts and important knowledge resources related to Tibetan history, politics and culture. It is considered one of the most important institutions for Tibetology in the world. In 2016, there were demands from Indian citizens and politicians of different political parties to confer the Dalai Lama the prestigious Bharat Ratna ,

4408-612: The On Being podcast reached a global audience of 1.5 million listeners a month. On Being was listed in the iTunes top ten podcasts of 2014. In 2016, On Being changed distributors from APM to the Public Radio Exchange . In May 2022 it was announced that as of June 2022 the program would be changing from a weekly show to a "seasonal podcast," and the final weekly program aired in late June 2022. The Columbia Journalism Review said of On Being and Tippett, "To listen to her show

4524-525: The Qianlong Emperor described in The Discourse of Lama to eliminate greedy families with multiple reincarnated rinpoches, lamas. Based on custom and regulation, the regent was actively involved in the search for the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama. Following reported signs and visions, three search teams were sent out to the north-east, the east, and the south-east to locate the new incarnation when

4640-790: The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals , Michael Boudin of the First Circuit Court of Appeals , Joseph A. Greenaway of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals , Laurence Silberman of the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals , Lawrence VanDyke of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals , and Pierre Leval of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals , among many other judicial figures, graduated from the school. The former Commonwealth solicitor general of Australia and current justice of

4756-687: The environment , economics, women's rights , nonviolence , interfaith dialogue , physics , astronomy , Buddhism and science , cognitive neuroscience , reproductive health and sexuality . The Dalai Lama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989. Time magazine named the Dalai Lama Gandhi 's spiritual heir to nonviolence. The 12th General Assembly of the Asian Buddhist Conference for Peace in New Delhi unanimously recognized

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4872-488: The system of feudal peasantry to persist. Scholar Robert Barnett wrote of the serfdom controversy: "So even if it were agreed that serfdom and feudalism existed in Tibet, this would be little different other than in technicalities from conditions in any other 'premodern' peasant society, including most of China at that time. The power of the Chinese argument therefore lies in its implication that serfdom, and with it feudalism,

4988-601: The 14th Dalai Lama in 1939. As with the recognition process for his predecessor, a Golden Urn selection process was waived and approved by the Central Government of the Republic of China . His enthronement ceremony was held in Lhasa on 22 February 1940. At the time of his selection, a form of Tibetan government called Ganden Phodrang administered the traditional Tibetan regions of Ü-Tsang , Kham and Amdo. As Chinese forces re-entered and annexed Tibet , Ganden Phodrang invested

5104-421: The 1870s, under Dean Christopher Columbus Langdell , HLS introduced what has become the standard first-year curriculum for American law schools – including classes in contracts , property , torts , criminal law , and civil procedure . At Harvard, Langdell also developed the case method of teaching law, now the dominant pedagogical model at U.S. law schools. Langdell's notion that law could be studied as

5220-746: The 19th president of the United States, graduated from HLS. Additionally, Barack Obama , the 44th president of the United States , graduated from HLS and was president of the Harvard Law Review . His wife, Michelle Obama , is also a graduate of Harvard Law School. Past presidential candidates who are HLS graduates include Michael Dukakis , Ralph Nader and Mitt Romney . Eight sitting U.S. senators are alumni of HLS: Romney, Ted Cruz , Mike Crapo , Tim Kaine , Jack Reed , Chuck Schumer , Tom Cotton , and Mark Warner . Other legal and political leaders who attended HLS include former president of Taiwan , Ma Ying-jeou , and former vice president Annette Lu ;

5336-623: The Bodhisattva of Compassion, a belief central to the Tibetan Buddhist tradition and the institution of the Dalai Lama. The Dalai Lama, whose name means Ocean of Wisdom , is known to Tibetans as Gyalwa Rinpoche , The Precious Jewel-like Buddha-Master , Kundun , The Presence , and Yizhin Norbu , The Wish-Fulfilling Gem . His devotees, as well as much of the Western world, often call him His Holiness

5452-588: The Chinese capital to meet Chairman Mao Zedong with the 10th Panchen Lama and attend the first session of the National People's Congress as a delegate, primarily discussing China's constitution . On 27 September 1954, the Dalai Lama was selected as a Vice-chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, a post he officially held until 1964. Mao Zedong who, "according to

5568-513: The Chinese government, and that it was "up to the Tibetan people" to decide what to do. During his visit to Taiwan after Typhoon Morakot 30 Taiwanese indigenous peoples protested against the Dalai Lama and denounced it as politically motivated. Harvard Law School Harvard Law School ( HLS ) is the law school of Harvard University , a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts . Founded in 1817, Harvard Law School

5684-603: The Dalai Lama , the style employed on his website. He is also the leader and a monk of the Gelug school, the newest school of Tibetan Buddhism, formally headed by the Ganden Tripa . The 14th Dalai Lama was born to a farming family in Taktser (Hongya Village), in the traditional Tibetan region of Amdo , at the time a Chinese frontier district. He was selected as the tulku of the 13th Dalai Lama in 1937, and formally recognized as

5800-501: The Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama, should be reported to the commission, soul boys should be located and checked by the commission, and a lot-drawing ceremony with the Golden Urn system should be held. Article 6 states that local governments should invite officials from the Central Government to take care of the sitting-in-the-bed ceremony. Article 7 states that soul boys should not be sought from current lama families. This article echoes what

5916-490: The Dalai Lama and arrests citizens for owning photos of him in Tibet. Tibet Autonomous Region government job candidates must strongly denounce the Dalai Lama, as announced on the Tibet Autonomous Region government's online education platform, "Support the (Communist) Party's leadership, resolutely implement the [Chinese Communist] Party's line, line of approach, policies, and the guiding ideology of Tibet work in

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6032-554: The Dalai Lama as that he "must [come back] as a Chinese citizen ... that is, patriotism". The Dalai Lama celebrated his 70th birthday on 6 July 2005. About 10,000 Tibetan refugees, monks and foreign tourists gathered outside his home. Patriarch Alexius II of the Russian Orthodox Church alleged positive relations with Buddhists. However, later that year, the Russian state prevented the Dalai Lama from fulfilling an invitation to

6148-538: The Dalai Lama beyond belief. 'My final interview with this remarkable man was toward the end of my visit to China. I was at a meeting of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly when I received a message asking me to go to see him at this house. By then, I had been able to complete a tour of the Chinese provinces, and I was able to tell him truthfully that I had been greatly impressed and interested by all

6264-428: The Dalai Lama gave a speech outlining his ideas for the future status of Tibet. The plan called for Tibet to become a democratic "zone of peace" without nuclear weapons , and with support for human rights . The plan would come to be known as the "Strasbourg proposal," because the Dalai Lama expanded on the plan at Strasbourg on 15 June 1988. There, he proposed the creation of a self-governing Tibet "in association with

6380-801: The Dalai Lama in India, Brussels, London and New York, and believed to be focusing on the governments of South and Southeast Asia. A second cyberspy network, Shadow Network , was discovered by the same researchers in 2010. Stolen documents included a year's worth of the Dalai Lama's personal email, and classified government material relating to India, West Africa, the Russian Federation, the Middle East, and NATO. "Sophisticated" hackers were linked to universities in China, Beijing again denied involvement. Chinese hackers posing as The New York Times , Amnesty International and other organisation's reporters targeted

6496-505: The Dalai Lama with temporal duties on 17 November 1950 (at 15 years of age) until his exile in 1959. During the 1959 Tibetan uprising , the Dalai Lama escaped to India, where he continues to live. On 29 April 1959, the Dalai Lama established the independent Tibetan government in exile in the north Indian hill station of Mussoorie , which then moved in May 1960 to Dharamshala , where he resides. He retired as political head in 2011 to make way for

6612-526: The Dalai Lama's contributions to global peace, his lifelong efforts in uniting Buddhist communities worldwide, and bestowed upon him the title of “Universal Supreme Leader of the Buddhist World.” They also designated 6 July, his birthday, as the Universal Day of Compassion . Lhamo Thondup was born on 6 July 1935 to a farming and horse trading family in the small hamlet of Taktser, or Chija Tagtser, at

6728-533: The Dalai Lamas headed the Tibetan government or Ganden Phodrang . Until 1912 however, when the 13th Dalai Lama declared the complete independence of Tibet , their rule was generally subject to patronage and protection of firstly Mongol kings (1642–1720) and then the Manchu -led Qing dynasty (1720–1912). During the Dalai Lama's recognition process, the cultural Anthropologist Melvyn Goldstein writes that "everything

6844-474: The Jokhang in Lhasa." There was very limited Chinese involvement at this time. The family of the 14th Dalai Lama was elevated to the highest stratum of the Tibetan aristocracy and acquired land and serf holdings, as with the families of previous Dalai Lamas. In 1959, at the age of 23, he took his final examination at Lhasa's Jokhang Temple during the annual Monlam Prayer Festival . He passed with honours and

6960-402: The Latin phrase Lex et Iustitia , meaning 'law and justice'. According to the HLS Shield Working Group's final report, the expanding or diverging lines, some with no obvious beginning or end, are meant to convey a sense of broad scope or great distance — the limitlessness of the school's work and mission. The radial lines also allude to the latitudinal and longitudinal lines that define the arc of

7076-492: The Method of Using Golden Urn for the 14th Dalai Lama was drafted by Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission . On 12 December 1938, regent Reting Rinpoche informed Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission that three candidates were found and ceremony of Golden Urn would be held. Released from Kumbum, on 21 July 1939 the party travelled across Tibet on a journey to Lhasa in the large Muslim caravan with Lhamo Dhondup, now four years old, riding with his brother Lobsang in

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7192-442: The Panchen Lama had died. Two of his three candidates were crossed off the list but the third, a "fearless" child, the most promising, was from Taktser village, which, as in the vision, was on a hill, at the end of a trail leading to Taktser from the great Kumbum Monastery with its gilded, turquoise roof. There they found a house, as interpreted from the vision—the house where Lhamo Dhondup lived. The 14th Dalai Lama claims that at

7308-420: The People's Republic of China." This would have been pursued by negotiations with the PRC government, but the plan was rejected by the Tibetan Government-in-Exile in 1991. The Dalai Lama has indicated that he wishes to return to Tibet only if the People's Republic of China agrees not to make any precondition for his return. In the 1970s, the Paramount leader Deng Xiaoping set China's sole return requirement to

7424-430: The Questions . In 2012, On Being began a series of interviews and live events which became the Civil Conversations Project. The initial four-part series was a collaboration of the Brookings Institution , the Humphrey School, and the John C. Danforth Center on Religion and Politics. The project grew out of a sentiment that Tippett heard from many Americans who felt that our "civic life is broken, that bipartisan consensus

7540-420: The Royall Professorship of Law in 1815. The Royalls were so involved in the slave trade, that "the labor of slaves underwrote the teaching of law in Cambridge." The dean of the law school traditionally held the Royall chair; deans Elena Kagan and Martha Minow declined the Royall chair due to its origins in the proceeds of slavery. The Royall family's coat of arms , which shows three stacked wheat sheaves on

7656-411: The Tibetan army in warlord -controlled Kham . On 17 November 1950, at the age of 15, the 14th Dalai Lama assumed full temporal (political) power as ruler of Tibet. The Dalai Lama's formal rule as head of the government in Tibet was brief although he was enthroned as spiritual leader on 22 February 1940. When Chinese cadres entered Tibet in 1950, with a crisis looming, the Dalai Lama was asked to assume

7772-461: The Tibetan leader, treated him as a 'father would treat a son,'" "also showed Tibet’s political leader and its foremost spiritual master its ambivalence to Tibetan Buddhism. The Dalai Lama recounts this episode in his autobiography, My Land and My People , 'A few days later I had a message from Mao Tse-tung to say that he was coming to see me in an hour’s time. When he arrived he said he had merely come to call. Then something made him say that Buddhism

7888-417: The Tibetan representatives to communicate with the Tibetan government in Lhasa. The Tibetan delegation was not authorised by Lhasa to sign, but ultimately submitted to pressure from the Chinese to sign anyway, using seals specifically made for the purpose. The Seventeen Point Agreement recognised Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, but China allowed the Dalai Lama to continue to rule Tibet internally, and it allowed

8004-436: The Tibetans did during the selection process was designed to prevent China from playing any role". Afterwards in 1939, at the age of four, the Dalai Lama was taken in a procession of lamas to Lhasa. Former British officials stationed in India and Tibet recalled that envoys from Britain and China were present at the Dalai Lama's enthronement in February 1940. According to Basil Gould , the Chinese representative Wu Chunghsin

8120-442: The US Ambassador to China "encouraged the Chinese government to engage in substantive dialogue with the Dalai Lama or his representatives, without preconditions, to seek a settlement that resolves differences". The Chinese Foreign Ministry has warned the US and other countries to "shun" the Dalai Lama during visits and often uses trade negotiations and human rights talks as an incentive to do so. China sporadically bans images of

8236-407: The age of three by the 13th Dalai Lama as the reincarnation of the high Lama , the 6th Taktser Rinpoche . His fifth brother, Tendzin Choegyal , had been recognised as the 16th Ngari Rinpoche. His sister, Jetsun Pema , spent most of her adult life on the Tibetan Children's Villages project. The Dalai Lama has said that his first language was "a broken Xining language which was (a dialect of )

8352-449: The armorial bearings of Isaac Royall Jr. , a university benefactor who had endowed the first professorship in the law school. The shield had become a source of contention among a group of law school students, who objected to the Royall family's history of slave ownership. The president of the university and dean of the law school, acting upon the recommendation of a committee formed to study

8468-664: The border with Tibet. Chiang also threatened the Tibetans with aerial bombardment if they worked with the Japanese. Ma Bufang attacked the Tibetan Buddhist Tsang monastery in 1941. He also constantly attacked the Labrang monastery . In October 1950 the army of the People's Republic of China marched to the edge of the Dalai Lama's territory and sent a delegation after defeating a legion of

8584-422: The boy who was to become the 14th Dalai Lama was about two years old. Sir Basil Gould , British delegate to Lhasa in 1936, related his account of the north-eastern team to Sir Charles Alfred Bell , former British resident in Lhasa and friend of the 13th Dalai Lama. Among other omens, the head of the embalmed body of the 13th Dalai Lama , at first facing south-east, had turned to face the north-east, indicating, it

8700-499: The case method. The method was facilitated by casebooks. From its founding in 1900, the Association of American Law Schools promoted the case method in law schools that sought accreditation . During the 20th century, Harvard Law School was known for its competitiveness. For example, Bob Berring called it "a samurai ring where you can test your swordsmanship against the swordsmanship of the strongest intellectual warriors from around

8816-535: The class of 1953. Eleanor Kerlow's book Poisoned Ivy: How Egos, Ideology, and Power Politics Almost Ruined Harvard Law School criticized the school for a 1980s political dispute between newer and older faculty members over accusations of insensitivity to minority and feminist issues. Divisiveness over such issues as political correctness lent the school the title "Beirut on the Charles." In Broken Contract: A Memoir of Harvard Law School , Richard Kahlenberg criticized

8932-413: The cost of tuition, fees, and living expenses) at Harvard Law for the 2021–2022 academic year was $ 104,200. According to the school's employment summary for 2020 graduates, 86.8% were employed in bar passage required jobs and another 5.3% were employed in J.D. advantage jobs. Harvard Law School's large class size has enabled it to graduate a large number of distinguished alumni. Rutherford B. Hayes ,

9048-583: The country. By 1827, the school, with one faculty member, was struggling. Nathan Dane , a prominent alumnus of the college, then endowed the Dane Professorship of Law, insisting that it be given to then Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story . For a while, the school was called "Dane Law School." In 1829, John H. Ashmun, son of Eli Porter Ashmun and brother of George Ashmun , accepted a professorship and closed his Northampton Law School , with many of his students following him to Harvard. Story's belief in

9164-738: The current nine members of the court graduated from HLS: the chief justice , John Roberts ; associate justices Neil Gorsuch ; Ketanji Brown Jackson ; and Elena Kagan , who also served as the dean of Harvard Law School , from 2003 to 2009. Past Supreme Court justices from Harvard Law School include Antonin Scalia , David Souter , Harry Blackmun , William J. Brennan , Louis Brandeis , Felix Frankfurter , Lewis Powell (LLM), and Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. , among others. Ruth Bader Ginsburg attended Harvard Law School for two years. Attorneys General Loretta Lynch , Alberto Gonzales , and Janet Reno , among others, and noted federal judges Richard Posner of

9280-453: The deanship. On June 11, 2009, Harvard University president, Drew Gilpin Faust named Martha Minow as the new dean. She assumed the position on July 1, 2009. On January 3, 2017, Minow announced that she would conclude her tenure as dean at the end of the academic year. In June 2017, John F. Manning was named as the new dean, effective as of July 1, 2017. In September 2017, the school unveiled

9396-407: The development projects I had seen. Then he started to give me a long lecture about the true form of democracy, and advised me how to become a leader of the people and how to take heed of their suggestions. And then he edged closer to me on his chair and whispered: 'I understand you very well. But of course, religion is poison. It has two great defects: It undermines the race, and secondly it retards

9512-510: The earth, conveying the global reach of the Law School's community and impact. The multifaceted, radiating form — a form inspired by architectural details found in both Austin Hall and Hauser Hall — seeks to convey dynamism, complexity, inclusiveness, connectivity, and strength. HLS was ranked as the fifth best law school in the United States by U.S. News & World Report in its 2023 rankings. HLS

9628-506: The edge of the traditional Tibetan region of Amdo in Qinghai Province . He was one of seven siblings to survive childhood and one of the three supposed reincarnated Rinpoches in the same family. His eldest sister Tsering Dolma , was 16 years his senior and was midwife to his mother at his birth. She would accompany him into exile and found Tibetan Children's Villages . His eldest brother, Thupten Jigme Norbu , had been recognised at

9744-451: The faculty decided that the school should move to an Honors/Pass/Low Pass/Fail (H/P/LP/F) grading system, much like those in place at Yale and at Stanford Law School . The system applied to half the courses taken by students in the Class of 2010 and fully started with the Class of 2011. In 2009, Kagan was appointed solicitor general of the United States by President Barack Obama and resigned

9860-404: The first national public radio show to offer unedited interviews alongside the produced radio show in their podcast and on their website. Krista Tippett pitched a series of pilots on religion, meaning, and ethics to Bill Buzenberg , then Vice President for News at Minnesota Public Radio/American Public Media, in the late 1990s. The program became Speaking of Faith , a monthly series in 2001 and

9976-881: The former president of Ireland , Mary Robinson ; Lady Arden , Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom ; Solomon Areda Waktolla , Judge of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal , Judge of the Administrative Tribunal of the African Development Bank and Former Deputy Chief Justice of the Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia . He is also member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at Hague , Netherlands . Lobsang Sangay

10092-661: The highest civilian honour of India, which has only been awarded to a non-Indian citizen twice in its history. In 2021, it was revealed that the Dalai Lama's inner circle were listed in the Pegasus project data as having been targeted with spyware on their phones. Analysis strongly indicates potential targets were selected by the Indian government. At the Congressional Human Rights Caucus in 1987 in Washington, D.C. ,

10208-658: The incumbent Prime Minister of Luxembourg , Luc Frieden ; the incumbent Chief Justice of India , Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud ; the incumbent Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong , Andrew Cheung Kui-nung ; former chief justice of the Republic of the Philippines , Renato Corona ; Chief Justice of Singapore Sundaresh Menon ; former president of the World Bank Group , Robert Zoellick ; former United Nations high commissioner for human rights , Navanethem Pillay ;

10324-524: The interests of both parties through dialogue and communication and for Tibet to remain a part of China. The Dalai Lama travels worldwide to give Tibetan Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism teachings, and his Kalachakra teachings and initiations are international events. He also attends conferences on a wide range of subjects, including the relationship between religion and science, meets with other world leaders, religious leaders, philosophers, and scientists, online and in-person. His work includes focus on

10440-543: The issue, ultimately agreed with its majority decision, that the shield was inconsistent with the values of both the university and the law school. Their recommendation was ultimately adopted by the Harvard Corporation and on March 15, 2016, the shield was ordered retired. On August 23, 2021, it was announced that a new emblem was approved by the Harvard Corporation. The new design features Harvard's traditional motto, Veritas ( Latin for 'truth'), resting above

10556-619: The journal, the Harvard Law Review Association, in conjunction with the Columbia Law Review, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, and Yale Law Journal also publishes The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation , the most widely followed authority for legal citation formats in the United States. The student newspaper , the Harvard Law Record , has been published continuously since the 1940s, making it one of

10672-491: The mysteries of human existence. On the air and in print, Ms. Tippett avoids easy answers, embracing complexity and inviting people of every background to join her conversation about faith, ethics, and moral wisdom." 14th Dalai Lama This is an accepted version of this page Samding Dorje Phagmo The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso , full spiritual name: Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso , also known as Tenzin Gyatso ; né   Lhamo Thondup ;

10788-503: The nation." When Langdell developed the original law school curriculum, Harvard President Charles Eliot told him to make it "hard and long." An urban legend holds that incoming students are told to "Look to your left, look to your right, because one of you won't be here by the end of the year." Scott Turow 's memoir One L and John Jay Osborn 's novel The Paper Chase describe such an environment. Trailing many of its peers, Harvard Law did not admit women as students until 1950, for

10904-539: The need for an elite law school based on merit and dedicated to public service helped build the school's reputation at the time, although the contours of these beliefs have not been consistent throughout its history. Enrollment remained low through the 19th century as university legal education was considered to be of little added benefit to apprenticeships in legal practice. After first trying lowered admissions standards, in 1848 HLS eliminated admissions requirements. In 1869, HLS also eliminated examination requirements. In

11020-481: The new era; align ideologically, politically, and in action with the Party Central Committee; oppose any splittist tendencies; expose and criticize the Dalai Lama; safeguard the unity of the motherland and ethnic unity and take a firm stand on political issues, taking a clear and distinct stand". The Dalai Lama is a target of Chinese state sponsored hacking. Security experts claim "targeting Tibetan activists

11136-564: The oldest law school newspapers in the country, and has included the exploits of fictional law student Fenno for decades. The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation, formerly known as the Harvard Law School Corporate Governance Blog , is one of the most widely read law websites in the country. Harvard Human Rights Reflections, which is hosted by the Human Rights Program ,

11252-607: The others. From 1936 the Hui ' Ma Clique ' Muslim warlord Ma Bufang ruled Qinghai as its governor under the nominal authority of the Republic of China central government. According to an interview with the 14th Dalai Lama, in the 1930s, Ma Bufang had seized this north-east corner of Amdo in the name of Chiang Kai-shek 's weak government and incorporated it into the Chinese province of Qinghai . Before going to Taktser, Kewtsang had gone to Ma Bufang to pay his respects. When Ma Bufang heard

11368-508: The private office of the Dalai Lama, Tibetan Parliament members, and Tibetan nongovernmental organisations, among others, in 2019. At the outset of the 1959 Tibetan uprising , fearing for his life, the Dalai Lama and his retinue fled Tibet with the help of the CIA 's Special Activities Division , crossing into India on 30 March 1959, reaching Tezpur in Assam on 18 April. Some time later he set up

11484-469: The production and funding of the program, which is distributed by APM. In 2018, KTPP changed its name to The On Being Project. On Being is the flagship podcast for The On Being Project, but the organization has also produced other podcasts. These include Becoming Wise , which is closely associated with Krista Tippett's 2016 book by the same name; Creating Our Own Lives , which ran from 2016 to 2017; Poetry Unbound ; This Movie Changed Me ; and Living

11600-558: The progress of the country. Tibet and Mongolia have both been poisoned by it.'" In his autobiography, Freedom In Exile , the Dalai Lama recalls: "How could he have thought I was not religious to the core of my being?'" In 1956, on a trip to India to celebrate the Buddha's Birthday , the Dalai Lama asked the Prime Minister of India , Jawaharlal Nehru , if he would allow him political asylum should he choose to stay. Nehru discouraged this as

11716-407: The revolutionary leaders and the top echelon of the Chinese communist leadership who created modern China. He learned Chinese and socialist ideals, as explained by his Chinese hosts, on a tour of China showcasing the benefits of socialism and the effective governance provided to turn the large, impoverished nation into a modern and egalitarian society, which impressed him. In September 1954, he went to

11832-503: The role of head of state at the age of 15, which he did on 17 November 1950. Customarily the Dalai Lama would typically assume control at about the age of 20. He sent a delegation to Beijing, which ratified the Seventeen Point Agreement without his authorisation in 1951. The Dalai Lama believes the draft agreement was written by China. Tibetan representatives were not allowed to suggest any alterations and China did not allow

11948-593: The school for driving students away from public interest and toward work in high-paying law firms. Kahlenberg's criticisms are supported by Granfield and Koenig's study, which found that "students [are directed] toward service in the most prestigious law firms, both because they learn that such positions are their destiny and because the recruitment network that results from collective eminence makes these jobs extremely easy to obtain." The school has also been criticized for its large first year class sizes (at one point there were 140 students per classroom; in 2001 there were 80),

12064-589: The second half of the 2000s saw significant academic changes since the implementation of the Langdell curriculum. In 2006, the faculty voted unanimously to approve a new first-year curriculum, placing greater emphasis on problem-solving, administrative law, and international law. The new curriculum was implemented in stages over the next several years, with the last new course, a first-year practice-oriented problem-solving workshop, being instituted in January 2010. In late 2008,

12180-535: The student-edited journals, Harvard Law Record , and the HLS Drama Society, which organizes the annual Harvard Law School Parody , the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau as well as other political, social, service, and athletic groups. HLS Student Government is the primary governing, advocacy, and representative body for Law School students. In addition, students are represented at the university level by

12296-514: The time, the village of Taktser stood right on the "real border" between the region of Amdo and China. According to the search lore, when the team visited, posing as pilgrims, its leader, a Sera Lama, pretended to be the servant and sat separately in the kitchen. He held an old mala that had belonged to the 13th Dalai Lama, and the boy Lhamo Dhondup, aged two, approached and asked for it. The monk said "if you know who I am, you can have it." The child said "Sera Lama, Sera Lama" and spoke with him in

12412-616: The traditionally Buddhist republic of Kalmykia . The President of the Republic of China (Taiwan), Chen Shui-bian , attended an evening celebrating the Dalai Lama's birthday at the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall in Taipei. In October 2008 in Japan, the Dalai Lama addressed the 2008 Tibetan violence that had erupted and that the Chinese government accused him of fomenting. He responded that he had "lost faith" in efforts to negotiate with

12528-413: The world outside Lhasa . The two remained friends until Harrer's death in 2006. Historically the Dalai Lamas or their regents held political and religious leadership over Tibet from Lhasa with varying degrees of influence depending on the regions of Tibet and periods of history. This began with the 5th Dalai Lama 's rule in 1642 and lasted until the 1950s (except for 1705–1750), during which period

12644-601: Was awarded the Lharampa degree , the highest-level geshe degree, roughly equivalent to a doctorate in Buddhist philosophy . According to the Dalai Lama, he had a succession of tutors in Tibet including Reting Rinpoche , Tathag Rinpoche, Ling Rinpoche and lastly Trijang Rinpoche , who became junior tutor when he was 19 At the age of 11 he met the Austrian mountaineer Heinrich Harrer , who became his videographer and tutor about

12760-603: Was chartered in 1816 but did not begin classes until 1824, and it also closed during the Civil War. The founding of the law department came two years after the establishment of Harvard's first endowed professorship in law, funded by a bequest from the estate of wealthy slave-owner Isaac Royall Jr. , in 1817. Royall left roughly 1,000 acres of land in Massachusetts to Harvard when he died in exile in Nova Scotia, where he fled to as

12876-697: Was dropped, since the Muslim merchants invited them to join their caravan for protection; Ma Bufang sent 20 of his soldiers with them and was paid from both sides since the Chinese government granted him another 50,000 dollars for the expenses of the journey. Furthermore, the Indian government helped the Tibetans raise the ransom funds by affording them import concessions. On 22 September 1938, representatives of Tibet Office in Beijing informed Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission that 3 candidates were found and ceremony of Golden Urn would be held in Tibet. In October 1938,

12992-528: Was established in 1959 and the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies became the primary university for Tibetans in India in 1967. He supported the refounding of 200 monasteries and nunneries in an attempt to preserve Tibetan Buddhist teachings and the Tibetan way of life. The Dalai Lama appealed to the United Nations on the rights of Tibetans. This appeal resulted in three resolutions adopted by

13108-410: Was interpreted, the direction in which his successor would be found. The Regent , Reting Rinpoche , shortly afterwards had a vision at the sacred lake of Lhamo La-tso which he interpreted as Amdo being the region to search. This vision was also interpreted to refer to a large monastery with a gilded roof and turquoise tiles, and a twisting path from there to a hill to the east, opposite which stood

13224-454: Was quite a good religion, and Lord Buddha, although he was a prince, had given a good deal of thought to the question of improving the conditions of the people. He also observed that the Goddess Tara was a kind-hearted woman. After a very few minutes, he left. I was quite bewildered by these remarks and did not know what to make of them.' The comments Mao made during their last meeting shocked

13340-478: Was ranked first in the world by QS World University Rankings in 2023. It is ranked first in the world by the 2019 Academic Ranking of World Universities. In November 2022, the law school made a joint decision along with Yale Law School to withdraw from the U.S. News & World Report Best Law Schools rankings, citing the system's "flawed methodology." Harvard Law School has more than 90 student organizations that are active on campus. These organizations include

13456-665: Was reportedly unhappy about the position he had during the ceremony. Afterward an article appeared in the Chinese press falsely claiming that Wu personally announced the installation of the Dalai Lama, who supposedly prostrated himself to Wu in gratitude. After his enthronement, the Dalai Lama's childhood was then spent between the Potala Palace and Norbulingka , his summer residence, both of which are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Chiang Kai Shek ordered Ma Bufang to put his Muslim soldiers on alert for an invasion of Tibet in 1942. Ma Bufang complied, and moved several thousand troops to

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