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37-495: Ommerschans is a former bulwark in the Dutch province of Overijssel . It is a part of the municipality of Ommen , and lies about 16 km south of Hoogeveen . The Ommerschans was a fortress built in 1628 as part of a defence line to defend the northern provinces of Groningen and Friesland from the marauding count Hendrik van den Bergh (in Spanish service) after the expiration of

74-520: A reclaimed territory which had been laid dry in 1942, was part of Overijssel from 1962 until 1986, when it became part of the newly created province of Flevoland . The King's Commissioner of Overijssel is Andries Heidema ( CU ) since 11 July 2018. The King's Commissioner is the chairman of the Provincial-Executive (executive branch) and the States-Provincial (elected legislature) of

111-648: A junction function. The stations of Almelo, Deventer and Hengelo have a transfer function. The stations of Hengelo, Enschede and Oldenzaal have a direct connection with Germany. The international intercity to Berlin stops in Deventer, Almelo and Hengelo. Goods traffic takes place on many lines to Germany and the north of the Netherlands. The following railway lines are located in Overijssel: The main airport in Overijssel

148-483: A lowland covered with river sediment . To the east, large moors have been drained to provide pastures . These moors, together with the hilly Holterberg region, were the natural border with Twente. On the Holterberg, stretches of the originally vast heathland have been preserved. In the northwest, reclaimed boglands used for peat digging have resulted in low-lying areas vulnerable to flooding, pre-1932 (in that year,

185-438: A municipal reclassification came into effect, the number fell to 26. On 1 January 2005, the municipalities of Deventer and Bathmen were merged (under the name Deventer ), reducing the number of municipalities into 25. Salland Salland ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsɑlɑnt] ; Low Saxon : Sallaand ) is a historical dominion in the west and north of the present Dutch province of Overijssel . Nowadays Salland

222-696: Is an important transit province to and from Germany and the northeast of the Netherlands. There are three main motorways in Overijssel, the A1 , A28 , and the A35/N35 . Other major trunk roads are the N18 , A32 , N36 , N48 and N50 . In addition, the province manages a large number of provincial roads of major and minor importance. Four intercity connections (Enschede-Randstad, Zwolle – Roosendaal and Groningen/Leeuwarden-Amersfoort-Randstad and Groningen/Leeuwarden-Lelystad-Randstad) run through Overijssel. Zwolle railway station has

259-628: Is the Enschede Airport Twente , located outside of Enschede . The airport does not currently offer any international flights, though it has historically. Due to its location on the IJssel, Overijssel has a number of large bridges. The most important is the IJsselbrug near Zwolle, but the IJsselbrug near Deventer is also important. These are also the busiest roads in the province. At Kampen the N50 crosses

296-424: Is usually used to indicate a region corresponding to the part of the former dominion more or less to the west of Twente. Salland (or Salalant , as it was known) is first mentioned during the early Middle Ages . The region is most likely named after the river IJssel , anciently known as Isala , and the lakeland Sallzee at the confluence of the rivers Vecht and IJssel. The region may be the original residence of

333-682: The Köppen classification ). However, winters tend to be more severe than the rest of the Netherlands, because of its distance from the coast. Overijssel was formerly known as Oversticht and also included most of the modern-day province of Drenthe . In 1336, it was made part of Guelders , though it was ceded to the Bishopric of Utrecht in 1347. The Bishops ceded the Oversticht to the Emperor Charles V in 1528, who styled himself Lord of Overijssel , after

370-526: The Lorsch Abbey (near Worms ). In 1086, the four parts of Oversticht (i.e., Salland, Twente , Vollenhove , and Drenthe ) belonged first to Egbert III, descendant of Wracharius, and count of Salland, Westergo, and Estergo, but were confiscated by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV , given to the Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht , and incorporated into the margravate of Islegowe . Salalant gradually grew to

407-623: The Reest stream; to the east by the borders with the German state of Lower Saxony and the eastern Overijssel region of Twente ; and to the south by the border with the Gelderland region of Achterhoek , part of which is formed by the Schipbeek stream – in other words, all of Overijssel with the exception of Twente and the municipality of Steenwijkerland. Geologically, most of Salland's landscape consists of

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444-533: The Regge and Dinkel and other brooks. In the northwest, the geology is dominated by sediments from the Overijsselse Vecht and clay. The northern parts were once covered by veen ( bogs ) which separated the dryer and more arable south from Drenthe and which have been exploited as fuel to a large degree. Only small patches survive today ( Engbertsdijksvenen near Geesteren , Witteveen (near Haaksbergen ), and

481-554: The Salian Franks . Salalant at this time was a shire ( gouw ) made up of the area between Wijhe , Mastenbroek , and Dalfsen , in other words, the region circling Zwolle . In 795, Salalant belonged to a count Wracharius and remained in his family until the 11th century. In 814, mention is made of a Salahom , located where the IJssel empties into the Sallzee, and of its acquisition by

518-684: The Twelve Years' Truce . Its defences were strengthened again in the middle of the 17th century to defend against a possible invasion from the east . Nonetheless, the fortress was captured without any resistance when the Catholic bishops Bernhard von Galen of Münster and Maximilian Henry of Cologne invaded in 1672, the so-called rampjaar (or disaster year) that started the Franco-Dutch War . The 146 musketeers and 55 pikemen stationed at Ommerschans fled north, only to return later that year when

555-716: The Zuiderzee was closed off from the North Sea to become the IJsselmeer lake ). Salland is a low-lying area dominated by a number of rivers and streams, which have deposited rich layers of river clay . The most important of these waterways is of course river IJssel; others include the Zwarte Water and (Overijsselse) Vecht rivers; the Regge stream, which flows through Twente to spend its last few kilometers in Salland before ending in

592-410: The regime . The fortification became abandoned and would never again be used for military purposes. In the early 19th century, the Dutch government changed it into a resocialisation institution and labour camp for beggars, prostitutes and alcoholics from Amsterdam and other western cities. They were supposed to learn farming and morals by experience so they could reintegrate into society. In reality

629-402: The "Vechtstreek" (Vecht Region) or "Vechtdal" (Vecht Valley), named after the river, rather than in Salland. Nowadays however, Salland is usually used to indicate the rural area in between Deventer, Zwolle, Ommen and Rijssen-Holten, with Raalte being in the centre of that era and thus having been able to become the "unofficial capital" of Salland. The Salland tourism board describes Salland as

666-1046: The Aamsveen (near Enschede ). The extreme northwest is dominated by a system of lakes formed by former peat-mining and protected under the De Weerribben-Wieden National Park status, which is a valuable wetland. The highest point in Overijssel is the summit of the Tankenberg, a hill in the municipality of Losser , at 85 metres (278 ft). The lowest point is in the Mastenbroek Polder near Kampen at 2 metres (6 ft) below sea level . Important rivers  : IJssel , Zwarte Water , Overijsselse Vecht , Dinkel , Regge and Reest . Major channels  : Twentekanaal (Enschede and Zutphen-branch to Almelo), Overijssels Kanaal, Kanaal Almelo-De Haandrik, Kanaal Almelo-Nordhorn (outdoors) and Dedemsvaart (largely muted). Overijssel enjoys an oceanic climate ( Cfb in

703-571: The Dutch government). Specifically, this regards Holten (now part of the Rijssen-Holten municipality) and Den Ham (now part of the Twenterand municipality). Industrial and commercial ties with Twente and its location east of the Sallandse Heuvelrug hill ridge caused the municipality of Hellendoorn to switch association earlier in the twentieth century. (The boundary changes mentioned in

740-484: The IJssel. Kampen also has two bridges over the IJssel. Other bridges over the IJssel are at Zwolle the Oude IJsselbrug and the railway bridge over the IJssel, and at Deventer a railway and road bridge. In addition to these bridges, the river IJssel can also be crossed at a number of places by means of a number of ferries. Overijssel is divided into 25 municipalities. Until 1 January 2001, there were still 44, but after

777-465: The Latin name of Oversticht that was known since 1233: Transysla or Transisalania , or Over-IJssel, i.e. the other side of the river IJssel . The people joined with the other Dutch and rebelled against Charles' heir Philip II . Overijssel became governed by the most powerful mayors and lords in the province, including by the lieutenant-governor Nicolaas Schmelzing (1561–1629). After a brief occupation by

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814-606: The Vecht near Ommen; the Schipbeek stream; and the Soestwetering stream, which merges with a number of lesser streams near Zwolle to form river Zwarte Water. Three of Overijssel's major cities, Deventer , Kampen and the province's capital , Zwolle , lie within Salland, if the definition ascribing the largest area to Salland, is used. Other places of import include Ommen and Hardenberg , which are both quite often described as being in

851-410: The beggars were used for semi-forced and all-but-unpaid labour to reclaim the wetlands surrounding Ommerschans, eventually reclaiming an area of 4 by 2½ kilometres. Politician and novelist Jacob van Lennep visited Ommerschans during his walking tour with Dirk van Hogendorp the younger across the newly independent United Kingdom of the Netherlands in the summer of 1823, and documented his appal at

888-674: The bishops retreated after their failed siege of the northern city of Groningen . Under pressure from the citizens of Ommen and after the Peace of Utrecht of 1713, the fortress was closed down in 1715, only to be reinstated as a fortified arsenal in 1740 when war reignited in Continental Europe . During the Patriot Revolt of 1787, militias from Zwolle , Kampen and Vollenhove conquered and pillaged Ommerschans, stealing all its weaponry to help them in their paramilitary struggle against

925-439: The conditions at the labour camp: "These hours are certainly among the saddest I have lived through." When the institution went bankrupt in 1859 the Dutch government managed the labour camp until 1889, when it was finally closed down. During its years in operation, between several hundred and two thousand workers would live at Ommerschans at any one time, and an estimated 5448 workers died whilst at Ommerschans. After its closure,

962-588: The forces of the Bishop of Münster (1672–74), Overijssel received a new form of government which granted the stadtholders more power. Widespread resistance against the increased power throughout the provinces eventually led to the formation of the Batavian Republic in 1795. A centralist government arose and the Netherlands was organised into a series of départements , based on those used by revolutionary France . At first organised into its own département , it

999-588: The land between the Hunnepe to the coast; this area later became known as the Salland sheriffdom ( Sallandse Schouw ). In 1336, the bishop pledged over almost all of Overijssel – including Salland – to the count of Guelders . Ten years later, the new bishop, Jan van Arkel, was able to retrieve the pledged territories. He also reformed administration by breaking Oversticht into the three sheriffdoms of Twente, Vollenhove, and Salland. In time they were demoted to bailiwicks ( drostambten ), and even though they were superseded by

1036-476: The land in between the river IJssel and the hills, and agrees thus on a much smaller Salland than the historical dominion of that name. Intra-Overijssel municipal reforms of the early twenty-first century have somewhat blurred the boundary between Salland and Twente, as municipalities historically associated with Salland have merged with Twente municipalities (and now form part of the Twente Region as defined by

1073-542: The lands around Ommerschans became part of the state penitential institution Fpc Veldzicht , a few kilometers north at the village of Balkbrug . The grounds are still being cultivated by means of enforced labour. Overijssel Overijssel is bordered by Germany ( Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia ) to the east, the Achterhoek region of Gelderland to the south, the Veluwe region of Gelderland and Flevoland to

1110-424: The north as far as the rivers Meppelerdiep and Reest and to the west as far as the Regge . In 1046 Deventer and its vicinity belonged to the county of Hamaland but was incorporated along with the area between Dalfsen and Gramsbergen into Salland in 1246. In 1225, the office of episcopal sheriff ( bisschoppelijke schout ) for Salland was established, and in 1308 the bishop granted a dike-right ( dijkrecht ) over

1147-469: The population belonged to the Protestant Church in the Netherlands , while 23.3% were Roman Catholic , 2.9% were Muslim , and 5.6% adhered to other faiths. Over two-fifths of the population (42.2%) identified as non-religious. The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 43.2 billion € in 2018, accounting for 5.6% of the Netherlands economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power

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1184-526: The province. The Provincial Council , the general government of the province, consists of 47 members who are elected every four years. Until the States elections of March 2007, Overijssel had 63 Members of Parliament. An amendment to the Provinces Act resulted in the total number of States members in the Netherlands being reduced from 764 to the current 564. Religion in Overijssel (2015) In 2015, 26.1% of

1221-569: The seven provinces of the Dutch Republic in 1581 (Drenthe became a dominion in its own right). The borders of Salland are not well defined, but the largest area which may be indicated by Salland, corresponding to the historical dominion, is bound to the west by the provincial border with Gelderland , which is partly formed by river IJssel ; to the north by the Meppelerdiep stream and the provincial border with Drente , which partly consists of

1258-495: The sheriffdoms of IJsselmuiden , Diepenheim , Haaksbergen , and the sheriff of Hasselt was made high sheriff, the original three bailiwicks have nonetheless served as the basis for Oversticht's three-way division to this day. When the Archbishop of Utrecht sold his domains to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1527, Salland became one of the three constituent parts of the new dominion of Overijssel , which in turn became one of

1295-426: The west, and Friesland and the former moors of Drenthe to the north. Overijssel comprises three regions: Kop van Overijssel in the northwest, Salland in the centre of the province, and Twente in the east. Besides the capital Zwolle , other major cities are Almelo , Deventer , Hengelo , Enschede , and Kampen . To the southeast, the province's surface is mostly sandy, interspersed with small rivers such as

1332-492: Was 32,700 € or 108% of the EU27 average in the same year. The province has become highly industrialized. The Twente district in the southeast, where cotton spinning, weaving, and bleaching came into prominence in the 19th century, is one of the principal centres of the Dutch textile industry. The main centres are Enschede, Almelo, Hengelo, and Oldenzaal. Other important industrial centres are Deventer, Kampen, and Zwolle. Overijssel

1369-605: Was merged with Drenthe in 1798 to form Ouden IJssel , which was renamed Overijssel in 1801. The French annexed the Batavian Republic in 1810, and Overijssel was organised into the new French département of Bouches-de-l'Yssel . After the defeat of Napoleon in 1814, the kingdom of the Netherlands and the former province of Overijssel were recreated. Overijssel was occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II from May 1940 until its liberation in April 1945. The Noordoostpolder ,

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