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52-535: The Olyokma-Stanovik is part of the South Siberian System . It consists in a number of ranges of moderate height rising in the area of the sources of the Olyokma River and stretches roughly northeastwards for over 450 kilometers (280 mi). The width of the group of ranges reaches a maximum of 250 kilometers (160 mi) in its central part. Some of the ranges are separated by intermontane basins , such as

104-469: A municipal division , the krai city of Krasnoyarsk is incorporated as Krasnoyarsk Urban Okrug . For administrative purposes, Krasnoyarsk is divided into seven city districts: The first version was approved on March 12, 1804. The coat of arms was divided horizontally into two parts, the upper part containing the coat of arms of Tomsk Governorate , and the lower part picturing the Krasny Yar cliff on

156-498: A Russian border fort when a group of service class people from Yeniseysk led by Andrey Dubenskiy arrived at the confluence of the Kacha and Yenisei Rivers and constructed fortifications intended to protect the frontier from attacks of native peoples who lived along the Yenisei and its tributaries. Along with Kansk to the east, it represented the southern limit of Russian expansion in

208-453: A meteorite with a mass of about 700 kg (1,500 lb) was found 230 km (140 mi) south of Krasnoyarsk. It was excavated by Peter Simon Pallas in 1772 and transported to Krasnoyarsk and subsequently to Saint Petersburg . The Krasnoyarsk meteorite is important because it was the first pallasite ever studied and the first meteorite ever etched. In 1822 Krasnoyarsk became the administrative center of Yeniseysk Governorate . By

260-473: A number of two-story wooden houses in the city built mostly in the middle of the 20th century as temporary habitations. Many urbanized villages located inside the city keep the remnants of the traditional Russian village architecture: wooden houses with backyards, many somewhat dilapidated now but still inhabited. There are a number of local holidays celebrated annually in Krasnoyarsk. The most significant holiday

312-496: A population of over 1.1 million. Krasnoyarsk is an important junction of the renowned Trans-Siberian Railway , and is one of the largest producers of aluminum in the country. The city is known for its natural landscape ; author Anton Chekhov judged Krasnoyarsk to be the most beautiful city in Siberia. The Stolby Nature Sanctuary is located 10 km south of the city. Krasnoyarsk is a major educational centre in Siberia, and hosts

364-466: A silver background. A revised coat of arms, approved on November 23, 1851, had the golden figure of a lion placed on a red heraldic shield with a spade in the right fore paw and a sickle in the left fore paw, both made of the same metal. The shield was topped with the golden crown of the Russian Empire . The current coat of arms (as depicted here) was approved on November 28, 2004. It contains

416-410: A special city district called Akademgorodok ("Academic Town"), where several scientific research institutes are located. Krasnoyarsk's Institute of Biophysics is known for a 1973–1985 experiment on ecological isolation of human beings (the " Bios Experiment "). Sukachev Institute of Forest , founded in 1944 at Moscow and relocated to Krasnoyarsk in 1959. There are several museums in Krasnoyarsk. One

468-409: Is Krasnoyarsk-East goods station 26.3 km east of Krasnoyarsk-Passazhirsky. Krasnoyarsk was served by two airports: Yemelyanovo Airport is the main airport and handles both medium and long-haul domestic as well as international flights, and is 27 km (17 mi) northwest of the city. The secondary Cheremshanka Airport handled short-haul flights. Cheremshanka has lost its eminent role as

520-746: Is also a major rock climbing location. Many local climbers intentionally do not use any belaying equipment and call their extreme sport stolbizm , known elsewhere as solo climbing. Other popular showplaces include the Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power Station dam, the Karaulnaya Gora hill with the Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Chapel , museums, theaters, etc. Krasnoyarsk is a center of Siberian sports. Areas, where Krasnoyarsk excels compared to other Russian cities, include rugby union, bandy, and freestyle wrestling. Yenisey

572-589: Is also home to the Krasnoyarsk Children's Choir , a world-renowned choir that tours in many countries as The Little Eagles of Siberia . Next to Novosibirsk , Krasnoyarsk is a prominent scientific and educational center of Siberia , with over 30 higher education facilities, many of which are the branches of the Russian Academy of Science , and about 200 high schools . The most notable higher education institutes are: Like Novosibirsk , Krasnoyarsk has

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624-467: Is also on average warmer than similar inland latitudes of Scandinavia , owing to Siberia 's greater continentality . Krasnoyarsk has high differentials between summer and winter temperatures. Population count by districts (2010 Census): The population of Krasnoyarsk includes a number of peoples, the most numerous are Russians , followed by Tajiks , Kyrgyz and other Central Asian and Caucasian peoples, whose number has grown extensively because of

676-767: Is the Day of the City celebrated in June, usually with a carnival . Other holidays and cultural events are the Mana Festival ( Russian : Манский фестиваль . The celebrations take place on the outside of town, on the bank of river Mana) usually held on the last weekend in June with the traditional bard contest, the International Museum Biennale traditionally held in the Krasnoyarsk Cultural/Historical Center ,

728-542: Is the Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum, containing historical items and exhibits of the region, including ancient history, native Siberians, and woolly rhinos. The Krasnoyarsk zoo is also a major attraction for residents and tourists. The transit system is dominated by buses, but there also are several trolleybus and tram routes . An underground metro system (three lines) has been in planning and construction phases in Krasnoyarsk for decades. Subway construction

780-471: Is very similar to that of Fort McMurray and Winnipeg in Canada, the latter of which is a good deal further south geographically. Compared to Thompson, Manitoba , or Labrador City at similar latitudes, Krasnoyarsk's winters are relatively mild. Compared to European cities on a similar latitude, Krasnoyarsk has much warmer summers, but much colder and longer winters (for example, Aalborg , Denmark ). The summer

832-667: The 2021 Census , the ethnic composition of Krasnoyarsk was: There are a number of historical buildings in Krasnoyarsk, the oldest of them being the Intercession Cathedral ( Russian : Покровский собор , 1785 to 1795, restored in 1977 to 1978). Other locally significant samples of Russian Orthodox architecture are the Annunciation Cathedral ( Russian : Благовещенский собор , 1802–12), the Holy Trinity Cathedral ( Russian : Свято-Троицкий собор , 1802–12), John

884-587: The Biya River . The great Lake Baikal is the most well-known lake of the region. Other much smaller lakes are Lake Teletskoye , Lake Markakol , Lake Todzha (Azas), Baunt and Noyon-Khol . Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarsk is the largest city and administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai , Russia . It is situated along the Yenisey River , and is the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk , with

936-475: The Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant by a known Krasnoyarsk businessman Anatoliy Bykov had been canceled after he was accused of murdering his partner, Vilor Struganov . The accusation eventually turned out to be false. The Krasnoyarsk plant's ownership problems continue through the early 21st century since nearly all of them are owned either by monopolistic financial groups or by oligarchs . Since

988-678: The Shilka , as well as the left tributaries of the Amur: Amazar , Urka and Urusha , among others. The slopes of the range are covered with larch taiga and pre-Alpine woodland up to 1,200 meters (3,900 ft), with dwarf birch in the bottoms of the river valleys. At elevations above 1,500 meters (4,900 ft) there is mountain tundra . Many peaks are crowned by ‘’golets’’ type bare summits. South Siberian System The South Siberian Mountains ( Russian : Южно-Сибирские горы , romanized :  Yuzhno-Sibirskiye Gory ) are one of

1040-582: The Siberian Federal University . In 2019, Krasnoyarsk was the host city of the 2019 Winter Universiade , the third hosted in Russia. The predecessor fort was named Krasny Yar ( Russian : Кра́сный Яр ) after the Yarin (a dialect of Khakas ) name of the place where it was built, Kyzyl Char ('red steep-riverbank'), which was translated as Krasny (Red) Yar. The city was founded on August 19, 1628 as

1092-723: The Stolby Nature Reserve rise from the mountains of the southern bank of the Yenisei, the western hills from the Gremyachaya Griva crest extending westwards up to the Sobakina River , the north is generally plain, except for the Drokinskaya Sopka hill, with forests to the northwest and agricultural fields to the north and east. The major rivers in and near Krasnoyarsk are the Yenisei , Mana , Bazaikha , and Kacha Rivers ,

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1144-594: The Swedish Red Cross spent almost a year there from July 1919 until May 1920. During the periods of centralized planning ( Five Year Plans ) numerous large plants and factories were constructed in Krasnoyarsk: Sibtyazhmash , the dock yard , the paper factory , the hydroelectric power station (now the fifth largest in the world and the second in Russia ), and the river port . In 1934, Krasnoyarsk Krai

1196-728: The avant-garde Museum Night festival dedicated to the International Museum Day (May 18), the Jazz on Yenisey festival, the Stolbist Day held many times a year celebrating the traditions of mountain climbing in the Stolby national reserve, and the Bikers ' Rally. Krasnoyarsk has a number of local television companies and the highly developed telecommunications , many districts of the city have LAN -based broadband Internet access. The city

1248-449: The 10- ruble note, is one of the iconic images of the city. The chapel was abandoned and fell into disrepair during the Soviet era and only when Perestroyka came was it regained by the Yenisei bishopric . Another unofficial symbol of Krasnoyarsk is the incomplete 24-story tower located at Strelka . Construction of the tower had been started just before Perestroyka and then frozen due to

1300-667: The 20th century), the Roman Catholic Transfiguration Chapel ( Russian : Преображенский собор , 1911, also known as the Krasnoyarsk Organ Hall), the Krasnoyarsk Krai Museum stylized as an Ancient Egyptian temple, the Krasnoyarsk Cultural/Historical Center and the triumphal arch at the Spit (2003), the regional administration building flanked with two towers known as the "Donkey Ears". There are

1352-577: The Baptist Church ( Russian : Церковь Иоанна Предтечи , 1899, former episcopal residence), and the new Michael the Archangel Church ( Russian : Церковь Архистратига Михаила , 1998 to 2003). On the top of the Karaulnaya Hill, originally a pagan shrine, later occupied by the Krasnoyarsk fort watchtower, the Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Chapel (1804, rebuilt 1854–55) still stands. The chapel, displayed on

1404-473: The Soviet Union admitted the radar station was a violation in 1989. Equipment was slowly removed from the site and by 1992 it was officially declared to be dismantled, though the equipment from the site was likely relocated to a new site near Komsomolsk-on-Amur . Krasnoyarsk was also home to Krasnoyarsk Northeast air base, which was turned into living blocks after the dissolution of the Soviet Union . After

1456-662: The Upper Olyokma Depression, the Tungir Depression and the Nenyugin Depression. The average summits of the Olyokma-Stanovik reach between 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) and 1,600 meters (5,200 ft). The highest point is a 1,908 meters (6,260 ft) high Golets Kropotkin . The range rises in an area prone to earthquakes . The ranges of the highlands include the following: The Olyokma-Stanovik forms

1508-505: The Yenisei basin during the seventeenth century. In a letter to Tsar Michael I the Cossacks reported: The settlement was granted town status in 1690. An intensive growth of Krasnoyarsk began with the arrival of the Siberian Route (the road M53 nowadays) in 1735 to 1741 which connected the nearby towns of Achinsk and Kansk with Krasnoyarsk and with the rest of Russia . In 1749,

1560-540: The administrative crisis. The outline of the tower is clearly seen from many places in the city. A bridge near Krasnoyarsk carries the Trans-Siberian Railway across the Yenisei . The original structure, one of the longest at the time, was constructed between 1893 and 1896 to an award-winning design by Lavr Proskuryakov . In 2003 it was rejected for emergency inscription on the World Heritage List . It

1612-876: The border with Mongolia and China, while others rise further north. To the south the South Siberian ranges merge with the Mongolian and Chinese mountain chains and plateaus. In the west lies the Dzungarian Basin and to the east the Mongolian Plateau . To the north the South Siberian Mountains merge with the West Siberian Lowland and the Central Siberian Plateau , both on the Russian side. To

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1664-496: The city, including suburbs and the river, is 348 km (134 sq mi). The river Yenisei flows from west to east through the city. Due to the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric dam 32 km (20 mi) upstream, the Yenisei never freezes in winter and never exceeds +14 °C (57 °F) in summer through the city. Near the city center, its elevation is 136 m (446 ft) above sea level . There are several islands in

1716-433: The dissolution of the Soviet Union and beginning of privatization , many large plants and factories, such as the Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant , became owned by alleged criminal authorities and oligarchs , while others were declared bankrupt . The economic transition resulted in a dramatic rise in unemployment and numerous strikes . The best known financial scandal of the second half of the 1990s happened when ownership of

1768-437: The election of Pyotr Pimashkov as the mayor of Krasnoyarsk in 1996, the appearance of the city gradually improved: the old historical buildings were restored, the asphalt walkways were replaced with paving-stone, and numerous squares and recreation areas with fountains were either restored or constructed from scratch. Now the majority of the city keeps only a few traces of its former, drab, post-collapse look. The total area of

1820-405: The end of the 19th century, Krasnoyarsk had several manufacturing facilities and railroad workshops and an engine house . Growth continued with the discovery of gold and the arrival of a railroad in 1895. In the Russian Empire , Krasnoyarsk was one of the places to which political exiles were banished. For example, eight Decembrists were deported from St. Petersburg to Krasnoyarsk after

1872-640: The failure of the revolt. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917 , during the Russian Civil War , Siberia east of Omsk was controlled by white forces under Alexander Kolchak , who in December 1919 retreated east to Irkutsk and the Bolsheviks took control of the city. On a plateau 7 km outside of town was a prisoner of war camp with 13,000 German and Austrian troops. Elsa Brändström of

1924-565: The industrial growth of the city. After the war, additional large plants were constructed: the aluminum plant , the metallurgic plant , the plant of base metals and many others. In the late 1970s, the Soviet Union began constructing a phased array radar station at Abalakova, near Krasnoyarsk, which violated the ABM Treaty . Beginning in 1983, the United States demanded its removal, until

1976-733: The largest mountain systems of the Russian Federation . The total area of the system of mountain ranges is more than 1.5 million km². The South Siberian Mountains are located in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of Russia, as well as partly in Mongolia . The territory of the mountain system is one of the Great Russian Regions . The system is composed of a number of ranges aligned in an east–west direction stretching for almost 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi). Part of them are near

2028-486: The latter flowing throughout the historical center of the city. Due to the nature of the terrain, a few natural lakes exist in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk. The forests close to the city are mostly pine and birch ; further afield, aspen becomes dominant in many areas. The moss-covered fir and Siberian pine replaces other wood in the mountains westward of the Karaulnaya River , in about 15 km (9.3 mi) to

2080-709: The main base airport for an extensive network of local air services (MVL) in Krasnoyarsk Krai formerly served by the local Aeroflot Krasnoyarsk Directorate. In December 2011 a fire broke out at the Cheremshanka airport which destroyed the terminal building and the air traffic control tower. The most popular place of attraction for tourists visiting Krasnoyarsk is the huge national nature reserve Stolby ("pillars"), which covers an area of 470 km (180 sq mi) with numerous giant granite rocks formations up to 100 meters high, many of very extraordinary shapes. Stolby

2132-712: The main watershed between the rivers of the Lena basin (flowing into the Arctic Ocean) and the ones of the Amur basin (flowing into the Pacific Ocean). The Olyokma , a right tributary of the Lena, and its tributaries Srednyaya Mokla , Tungir and Nyukzha have their sources in the highlands. Other important rivers originating in the highlands are the Nercha , Kuenga and Cherna , left tributaries of

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2184-543: The mountainous terrain, large swathes of the South Siberian system are uninhabited. The main cities of the vast region are, from west to east: Krasnoyarsk , Angarsk , Irkutsk , Ulan-Ude and Chita . Some of the main rivers of Siberia have their origin in the South Siberian mountain system, such as the Lena , Irtysh , the Yenisei and the Ob River . Other rivers of the area are the Argun , Tom , Shilka , Selenga , Katun and

2236-485: The occasion. It is planned to be ready for use by the end of 2018. The complexity of the construction is considered unique. The city is considered a stronghold of rugby union in Russia, to the extent that the Rugby Union of Russia was headquartered locally for many years. Two Krasnoyarsk clubs, Krasny Yar and Enisey-STM , participate in the national Professional Rugby League , and European Rugby Challenge Cup ,

2288-428: The river, the largest of which are Tatyshev and Otdyha Isles, used mainly for recreation. To the south and west, Krasnoyarsk is surrounded by forested mountains averaging 410 m (1,350 ft) in height above river level. The most prominent of them are Nikolayevskaya Sopka (notable for its ski jumping tracks), Karaulnaya Gora, and Chornaya Sopka, the latter being an extinct volcano. The gigantic rock cliffs of

2340-439: The same red shield as in 1851 but with a slightly changed figure of the lion in the officially approved image. The shield is topped with a form of the mural crown , which is the golden five-tower coronet of rank of a federal subject administrative center. Krasnoyarsk experiences a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ) bordering on a subarctic climate ( Dfc ) in mountain part of city. Its climate

2392-759: The southeast the Baikal Range is separated from the Eastern Sayan by the Baikal Rift Zone and the Tunkin Depression . To the northeast of its eastern end the South Siberian mountain system merges with the East Siberian Mountains . Geologically the mountains of the system underwent a process of rejuvenation during the Alpine orogeny . Earthquakes are common all across the area of the system. Owing to

2444-502: The vast, often illegal immigration in search for work. Another populous immigrant group is the Chinese who, unlike other foreign workers , are employed in much more lucrative areas and often form business partnerships with local companies. Many Chinese trade at the bazaars , and a special large Chinese bazaar named Sodruzhestvo (Russian for fellowship ), and the Chinese Trading Town (known in Russian as Китайский торговый город) or colloquially Kitai-gorod on Strelka . As of

2496-414: The west from the city, the forests to the south are mostly pine , fir and aspen . Krasnoyarsk is the administrative center of the krai. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is, together with one rural locality (the village of Peschanka ) incorporated as the krai city of Krasnoyarsk  – an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As

2548-426: Was described at the time by ICOMOS "an early representation of a typical parabolic polygonal truss bridge in Russia" which became "a testing ground for the application of engineering theories and the development of new innovative solutions, which had numerous successors". The bridge was dismantled between 2002 and 2007. Among other notable buildings are the mansions of the merchant Nikolay Gadalov (beginning of

2600-581: Was formed, with Krasnoyarsk as its administrative center. During Stalinist times, Krasnoyarsk was a major center of the gulag system. The most important labor camp was the Kraslag or Krasnoyarsky ITL (1938- c.  1960 ) with the two units located in Kansk and Reshyoty . In the city of Krasnoyarsk itself, the Yeniseylag or Yeniseysky ITL labor camp was prominent as well during World War II ( c.  1940 –41). During World War II, dozens of factories were evacuated from Ukraine and Western Russia to Krasnoyarsk and nearby towns, stimulating

2652-410: Was terminated in 2008. Krasnoyarsk lies on the Yenisei River and historically has been an important junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway . Krasnoyarsk-Passazhirsky ( Russian : Красноярск-Пассажирский , lit. Krasnoyarsk-Passenger) is the main railway station of Krasnoyarsk. Long-range trains of the Trans-Siberian Railway stop at this station. There are some stations served by Elektrichka and there

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2704-469: Was the Soviet bandy champions every year in the 1980s as well as in 1991. The first Russian title came in 2001. In 2014 they became champions of the Bandy Super League and had the highest average attendance, 5 747. In 2015 the league title was won again as well as in 2016. At the 2019 Winter Universiade , bandy will feature as a demonstration sport for the first time and tournaments for both men and women will be held. An indoor stadium will be built for

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