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50-658: Oliver Applegate was born in a log cabin in Yamhill District , in what is now Polk County, Oregon , on June 11, 1845. At the time the area was part of the Oregon Country , but in 1848 became part of the Oregon Territory . He was the sixth son and seventh child of the well-known pioneer, Lindsay Applegate , a native of Kentucky , and his wife, Elizabeth (Miller) Applegate, who was born in Tennessee in 1816. Lindsay Applegate

100-764: A carnival attraction in the Eastern states. This was never documented. The Army had tried to keep the fate of the Modoc remains a secret. They severed the Modocs' heads after the executions at Fort Klamath, sending them on October 25 by train to Washington, DC, to the Army Medical Museum for study. In 1898, the Army transferred the skulls to the Smithsonian Institution . In the 1970s, descendants of Kintpuash learned that his skull

150-588: A daughter of Rev. Jesse Marion Anderson, a pioneer Methodist minister, who was widely known in southern Oregon as a man of ability and worth. The bride, like the groom, was a native of Oregon, having been born in the territory in 1855. They had three sons and three daughters. Frank Lindsay, the oldest, was born October 10, 1879; Annie Elizabeth, September 13, 1881; Laroy Gilbert, August 19, 1885; Rachel Emma , November 23, 1887; Jennie Margaret, April 5, 1894; and Oliver C., Jr., July 5, 1896. As of 1912, Applegate resided at Klamath Falls, Klamath County, Oregon. In politics, he

200-606: A family was $ 61,524. Males had a median income of $ 44,946 versus $ 33,717 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 24,017. About 9.0% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 16.8% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over. In the United States House of Representatives, Yamhill County lies in Oregon's 6th congressional district , which also covers Polk County and portions of Marion, Clackamas, and Washington counties. In

250-576: A gentleman of culture and ability, and, unlike myself, he is a prominent Republican and is as honest as is possible for a man to be possessing his perverted political notions. You will pardon me, I know, for proposing appointments to an administration which I do not indorse, but I do so in order to promote the reforms which you have so happily inaugurated." In 1898, Applegate took charge of the Klamath Reservation as United States Indian agent, and served as such for five years. Congress then discontinued

300-437: A meeting with the commission (of which Canby was then the chairman ) with the intention of killing them all. During the next meeting of the peace commission on April 11, Kintpuash and several other Modoc drew pistols at a prearranged signal; he shot General Canby twice in the head and cut his throat, and Boston Charley killed Reverend Eleazar Thomas , a California minister; two other commissioners were wounded. The Modoc fled to

350-414: A military court and found guilty, Kintpuash was hanged on October 3, 1873, for the murders of General Canby and Reverend Thomas. Black Jim, John Schonchin, and Boston Charley had also been convicted and were hanged with him. Some other warriors were sent to prison. After the execution, Kintpuash's body was transported by freight train to Yreka . There were rumors that his body was embalmed to be used as

400-497: A peace commission meeting. The Modoc leaders were hanged for "murder in violation of the laws of war" by the Army. Kintpuash was born about 1837 into a Modoc family in their ancestral territory near Tule Lake . The Modoc occupied about 5,000 acres here, along what became the California-Oregon border. In 1864, the Modoc still lived in their ancestral home near Tule Lake. Due to the pressure of white colonizers who wanted to farm

450-408: A peaceful solution that would allow his people to stay in their territory. He entered into negotiations with a federal peace commission. During the months-long negotiations, the Modoc hawks gained in influence. Kintpuash was shamed, his opponents throwing the hat of a Modoc woman at him to symbolically strip him of his manhood. To bolster his influence, Kintpuash agreed to their plan: he called for

500-451: A rifle. This company consisted of fifty men, the captain the only white man, while different chiefs of the various tribes ranked as lieutenants and sergeants. They cleared the way through the pine forests for a great wagon train of provisions and beef cattle that came down to the Klamath agency from The Dalles , marking the first step in the commencement of operations under the treaty of 1864 for

550-452: A way his unusual experience in the management of Indian affairs could be used to good purpose in promoting progressive conditions to the several agencies in the state. Ex-Senator Nesmith , who was himself a Democrat , was an ardent advocate of the plan and wrote as follows, to Hon. Zach Chandler , Grant's Secretary of the Interior , with whom he had served in the U.S. Senate: "Mr. Applegate is

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600-752: Is McMinnville . Yamhill County was named after the Yamhelas, members of the Kalapuya Tribe. Yamhill County is part of the Portland - Vancouver - Hillsboro , OR- WA Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is in the Willamette Valley . The earliest known inhabitants of the area were the Yamhill (Yamhelas Indian Tribe, part of the Kalapooian family ) Indians, who have inhabited the area for over 8,000 years. They are one of

650-573: Is land and 2.5 square miles (6.5 km ), or 0.3%, is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Oregon by area. The tallest mountain in the county is Trask Mountain in the northwest corner of the county. As of the 2000 census , there were 84,992 people, 28,732 households, and 21,376 families living in the county. The population density was 119 people per square mile (46 people/km ). There were 30,270 housing units at an average density of 42 units per square mile (16/km ). The racial makeup of

700-731: The Oregon State Senate , the county is split between the 12th and 13th districts. Within the Oregon House of Representatives , Yamhill County is part of the 23rd, 24th, and 26th districts. Although located west of the Cascades, Yamhill has remained a Republican-leaning county in Presidential elections at the same time as other Western Oregon counties have become solidly to powerfully Democratic. No Democratic presidential candidate has won Yamhill County since Lyndon Johnson 's 1964 landslide, and

750-470: The lava beds for defensive fighting, and women and children could be sheltered. When the Modoc were finally located, the Army launched an attack on January 17, 1873; the Army was left with 35 dead and many wounded, while the Modoc suffered no casualties. Kintpuash's advisers, not understanding differences between Modoc and Euro-American culture, suggested that the Army would leave if their warriors killed its leader General Edward Canby . Kintpuash hoped for

800-686: The tribes incorporated into the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde . In 1857 they were forced to migrate to the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation created in Oregon's Coastal Range two years earlier. The earliest non-native settlers were employees of the various fur companies operating in Oregon Country , who started settling there around 1814. But it was the establishment of the Oregon Trail that led to significant migration to

850-809: The Klamath. In 1865, Kintpuash, by then informally called Captain Jack by American colonizers, led a band of Modoc from the reservation back to their home in California. In 1869, the band were rounded up by the United States Army and returned to the Klamath Reservation. Finding conditions had not improved, in April 1870, Captain Jack led a band of about 180 Modoc back to the Tule Lake area. In 1872, US Army forces were sent to capture Kintpuash's band and force them back to

900-407: The age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 28.0% were non-families, and 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.12. The median age was 36.8 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 52,485 and the median income for

950-427: The age of 18 living with them, 60.00% were married couples living together, 9.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.60% were non-families. 19.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.17. In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.90% under

1000-474: The age of 18, 11.40% from 18 to 24, 28.50% from 25 to 44, 21.40% from 45 to 64, and 11.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.30 males. The median income for a household in the county is $ 44,111, and the median income for a family was $ 50,336. Males had a median income of $ 35,686 versus $ 25,254 for females. The per capita income for

1050-417: The area. Yamhill District (later county) was created on July 5, 1843, five years before the Oregon Territory was established. It was one of the original four districts created by Oregon's first Provisional Legislature , along with Twality (later Washington ), Clackamas , and Champooick (later Marion ) counties. The district was originally spread over 12,000 square miles (31,000 km ), an area that

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1100-475: The benefit of the southeastern tribes of Oregon. This was during the war with the Snake or Paiute Indians. For some time before the Modoc outbreak of 1872, Applegate had charge of Yainax sub-agency, forty miles west of the headquarters' agency, then under supervision of Agent Laroy S. Dyar . Near Yainax was located the main band of the Modocs. under the famous old Chief Schonchin , and with him were to be domiciled

1150-452: The country belonged. He served as a private in this company the first year, the second year as a sergeant and in the third year was chosen captain, receiving his commissions before he had reached his twentieth year from Addison C. Gibbs , the old war governor of Oregon. In 1865, his father was appointed United States Indian Agent over the Klamaths and Modocs at Fort Klamath . According to

1200-413: The county is 88.98% White , 1.47% Native American , 1.07% Asian , 0.85% Black or African American , 0.12% Pacific Islander , 5.08% from other races , and 2.42% from two or more races. 10.61% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19.6% were of German , 11.4% English , 9.5% American and 8.4% Irish ancestry. There were 28,732 households, out of which 37.40% had children under

1250-554: The county is covered with commercial timber , and the economic mainstay of the western part of the county is logging and timber products. Yamhill County is a significant focus of Oregon's wine industry , having the largest area of any Oregon county planted in vineyards . Six of the state's American Viticultural Areas are wholly or partly in the county: Chehalem Mountains AVA , Dundee Hills AVA , Eola-Amity Hills AVA , McMinnville AVA , Ribbon Ridge AVA , and Yamhill-Carlton District AVA . Over 80 wineries and 200 vineyards represent

1300-501: The county is served by The Delphian School in Sheridan. 45°14′N 123°19′W  /  45.23°N 123.31°W  / 45.23; -123.31 Kintpuash Kintpuash, also known as Kientpaush , Kientpoos , and Captain Jack (c. 1837 – October 3, 1873), was a chief of the Modoc tribe of California and Oregon . Kintpuash's name in the Modoc language meant 'Strikes

1350-497: The county was $ 18,951. About 6.00% of families and 9.20% of the population were below the poverty line , including 10.10% of those under age 18 and 7.50% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 census , there were 99,193 people, 34,726 households, and 25,020 families living in the county. The population density was 138.6 inhabitants per square mile (53.5/km ). There were 37,110 housing units at an average density of 51.8 units per square mile (20.0 units/km ). The racial makeup of

1400-406: The county was 85.4% white, 1.5% Asian, 1.5% American Indian, 0.9% black or African American, 0.2% Pacific islander, 7.2% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 14.7% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 23.6% were German , 13.7% were English , 12.2% were Irish , and 5.0% were American . Of the 34,726 households, 35.8% had children under

1450-471: The fertile land in this territory, Kintpuash and his family were among the Modoc forcefully removed by the United States to the Klamath Reservation in southwestern Oregon. This was primarily occupied by their traditional rivals, the much larger Klamath tribe. The Klamath outnumbered the newcomers, and the reservation was on traditional Klamath land; the Modoc complained of poor treatment and conflict with

1500-588: The largest concentration of wine growers and producers in any county in the state. Vineyards often specialize in Pinot noir , but other varieties grown include Pinot gris , Pinot blanc , Chardonnay , Riesling , and Gewürztraminer . Yamhill County Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) include Linfield University and Chemeketa Community College McMinnville Campus, along with George Fox University and Portland Community College in Newberg. For private secondary education

1550-452: The lava beds. Canby was the only general killed during the Indian Wars . ( Custer 's permanent rank was lieutenant colonel .) In reaction, Canby's successor, General Jefferson C. Davis , brought in more than 1,000 soldiers as reinforcements, determined to crush the Modoc resistance. On April 14, the Army attacked the lava stronghold, and many of the Modoc scattered to escape capture. Over

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1600-542: The military and veterans. In addition to the economic surge provided by the Air Show, the Oregon International Air Show involves the community and provides grants for McMinnville. Since 1988 more than $ 3 million has donated back throughout McMinnville (Yamhill County), Hillsboro (Washington County), and throughout Oregon. Express Employment Professionals, Stoller Family Estates, and Xenium are the lead sponsors for

1650-414: The next several months, various groups of Modoc continued to fight the army, while some began to surrender. Kintpuash successfully evaded the Army until some Modoc agreed to capture him and turn him in; these men included Hooker Jim , Bogus Charley, Shacknasty Jim , and Steamboat Frank. On June 1, Kintpuash surrendered, ceremonially laying down his rifle. He was taken to Fort Klamath . After being tried by

1700-614: The only other Democrats to carry the county since Oregon's statehood have been Franklin Roosevelt in 1940, 1936 and 1932, along with Woodrow Wilson in 1912 when the Republican vote was divided. Yamhill County is currently one of 11 counties in Oregon in which therapeutic psilocybin is legal. In 2019 the Oregon International Air Show switched to the McMinnville Municipal Airport. The Air Show promotes aviation while honoring

1750-404: The position of agent and he was appointed bonded superintendent of the agency and training school, a position which he resigned after serving two years. During this period of seven years he helped establish Indian claims to over half a million dollars for lands excluded from the reservation by erroneous boundary surveys, and developed comprehensive plans for irrigation and drainage, which added to

1800-534: The reservation. On November 29, while their surrender was being negotiated at the Lost River in Oregon, fighting broke out between a soldier and one of the Modoc warriors. The brief Battle of Lost River ensued. Kintpuash fled with his band into the area now protected as the Lava Beds National Monument . The band settled into this natural fortress. His warriors made use of its many caves and trenches in

1850-456: The top of 3,154-foot (961 m) high Mount Hebo , Air Force radars operated by the 689th Radar Squadron and the 14th Missile Warning Squadron were essential parts of the nation's integrated air defenses. The large radomes protecting the radars from adverse weather effects could be seen silhouetted against the sky from many parts of Yamhill County. In 1900 the Yamhill River lock and dam

1900-503: The treaty of 1864, the Indians were to be gathered on the Klamath Reservation. The fort was the only place east of the Cascades in that immediate region where there were any white people . The younger Applegate was appointed assistant to the agent, and that was the beginning of a service that lasted for several years, under various agency administrations, during which time he gained influence over

1950-475: The tribes of southeastern Oregon, which he used to good advantage later when the Modoc outbreak of 1872 occurred. This influence probably more than any other agency resulted finally in the conversion of the most resistant of the Indian tribes into farmers and stockmen. When 21 years of age, Applegate had charge of a unique company of scouts, called the " Ax and Rifle Company ," because every man carried an ax as well as

2000-540: The turbulent bands under the Modoc chieftain, Captain Jack . The story of how Captain Jack and his band refused to come onto the reservation, and the subsequent events, make up the history of the Modoc War . Applegate played a prominent part in the bloody drama. In 1873, he became a U.S. Commissioner with jurisdiction committed against the federal law locally. In 1876, some of Applegate's friends asked to have him appointed general Indian agent for Oregon, assuming that in such

2050-755: The upcoming 2020 Air Show. The major industries of the county are agriculture, forest products, manufacturing, and education. Yamhill County's economy is supported largely by its many unionized facilities such as Cascade Steel in McMinnville and Decommissioned White Birch Paper now owned by WestRock in Newberg. It boasts a thriving wine industry and was the home of Evergreen Aviation. Yamhill County ranks seventh out of Oregon's thirty-six counties in annual market value of its agricultural production. This agricultural production includes wheat , barley , horticulture , and dairy farming , with 13,201 acres or 53.42 square kilometres in 1997 planted in orchards . One-third of

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2100-478: The use of the rifle and otherwise prepared for the border wars which were liable to occur at any time with the aboriginal inhabitants of the country. In 1860 the family removed to the Siskiyou Mountains near the California boundary, Lindsay Applegate having become owner of the toll road over the mountains, and in 1862, removed to Ashland, Oregon , which continued to be the family home for many years. During

2150-509: The water brashly.' He led a band from the Klamath Reservation to return to their lands in California, where they resisted return. From 1872 to 1873, their small force made use of the lava beds, holding off more numerous United States Army forces for months in the Modoc War . Kintpuash was the only Native American leader ever to be charged with war crimes, and he was executed by the Army, along with several followers, for their ambush killings of General Edward Canby and Reverend Eleazar Thomas at

2200-523: The wealth of the reservation, an area approximating in size the state of Delaware. He was identified with various enterprises looking to the development of southern Oregon, and had a reputation as a writer of both prose and verse. Applegate served as editor of the Ashland Tidings starting in 1878, and later edited the Klamath Republican . In 1878, Applegate was married to Miss Ella Anderson,

2250-580: The winter of 1862, Oliver attended the district school in Ashland, and the next spring received a certificate and in the ensuing fall became the teacher, and for four successive winters, conducted the Ashland school. In the spring of 1863, he became a member of an independent military company, the only one in Southern Oregon, a cavalry company known as the " Mountain Rangers ", to which many of the leading citizens of

2300-551: Was a Republican and a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1892 . Oliver C. Applegate died on October 11, 1938, at the age of 93. He is the namesake of Applegate Peak in Crater Lake National Park. Yamhill County, Oregon Yamhill County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon . As of the 2020 census , the population was 107,722. The county seat

2350-408: Was broken up into twelve present-day counties. Lafayette , the principal trading center of the western Willamette Valley in early Oregon history, was made the county seat in 1847. The county government was later (1889) moved to McMinnville where it remains today. The Mount Hebo Air Force Station was a Cold War air defense installation from 1956 to 1980. Located next to Tillamook County, at

2400-477: Was completed about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) downriver from Lafayette, Oregon . The lock was decommissioned in 1954. The dam was demolished in 1963 to allow better passage for salmon on the river. The site of the lock and dam is now a county park. According to the United States Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 718 square miles (1,860 km ), of which 716 square miles (1,850 km )

2450-644: Was one of the leaders of the Great Migration of 1843 which Americanized Oregon and was prominent in the early Indian wars, and as an explorer. When Oliver Applegate was five years old, the family moved to the Yoncalla Valley in middle western Oregon; there were only three or four other families in that region at that time besides the Applegate contingent, which consisted of the brothers, Charles, Lindsay and Jesse , and their families. The system of common schools

2500-435: Was rudimentary then, and their continuity could not be depended upon for more than a few weeks or months in each year. The Applegate families were fairly well supplied with books, however, to supplement the otherwise meager opportunities for education, and as a rule the scions of these strong frontiersmen availed themselves of every opportunity offered to inform their minds, as well as to become accomplished horsemen, efficient in

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