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79-532: The Old Mining Museum building is a heritage-listed former chemical laboratory and mining museum and now commercial building located at 36 – 64 George Street in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales , Australia. It was designed by Walter Liberty Vernon and built from 1902 to 1909. It is also known as Mining Museum (former) , Earth Exchange and Sydney Geological and Mining Museum . The property

158-626: A bus layover was closed and converted into a pedestrian zone. A redesign of CBD bus services in October 2015 reduced the number of bus routes serving Circular Quay. In 2019, the CBD and South East Light Rail to Kingsford and Randwick opened with a terminus in Alfred Street. Circular Quay is a focal point for community celebrations, due to its central Sydney location between the Sydney Opera House and

237-466: A constructed public institution - a mining museum and chemical laboratory. The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. This item is assessed as aesthetically rare statewide. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales. This item

316-424: A lab is contaminated, but often ends up in the contaminated waste, driving up energy costs for waste disposal. A good sorting and recycling system for non contaminated lab waste will allow lab users to act sustainably and correctly dispose of waste. As of 2021, there are numerous laboratories currently dedicating time and resources to move towards more sustainable lab practices at their facilities, e.g.  MIT and

395-517: A large scale development. The initial design caused significant controversy around the country, including intervention by the Prime Minister, Paul Keating , and internationally. A revised 1992 design had the developer reducing building height and providing a colonnade for public access, in exchange for the development extending further towards the foreshore. The resulting development of Bennelong Apartments (nicknamed by critics as The Toaster ), and

474-717: A new entrance into George Street, with the Mining Museum opening in August 1909. By 1930 the Julian Ashton Art School moved into the vacant first floor. A museum shop was established in 1972; and in the following year the Julian Ashton Art School moved out of the building. In 1987 refurbishment plans launched but later delayed until 1989, when the building was transferred to the Geological and Mining Museum Trust, and

553-464: A place that demonstrates the significant human activity of collecting mineral and geological objects of economic and intellectual interest, and is associated with six significant events and at least one significant person, Walter Liberty Vernon. It is representative of both turn of the century power station and museum buildings, and is rare example of a building especially converted for activities associated with museum for collecting, curating and exhibiting

632-400: A railway viaduct, and later the elevated Cahill Expressway above the viaduct, across the southern shore of the cove. Circular Quay railway station was opened on 20 January 1956 and the elevated Cahill Expressway was officially opened on 24 March 1958. The construction of the viaduct led to the demolition of the old Maritime Services Board building on the south-western shore. A replacement

711-554: A receptionist would view the badge as useful, as it would help them locate members of staff during the day. Illustrating relations, researchers would also wear their badge due to informal pressures, such as not wanting to look like a spoil-sport, or not wanting to draw attention to themselves. Another finding is the resistance to change in a social organization. Staff members feel ill at ease when changing patterns of entitlement, obligation, respect, informal and formal hierarchy, and more. In summary, differences in attitude among members of

790-422: A regular basis to assess hazards due to chemical handling and storage, electrical equipment, biohazards , hazardous waste management , chemical waste , housekeeping and emergency preparedness, radiation safety , ventilation as well as respiratory testing and indoor air quality . An important element of such audits is the review of regulatory compliance and the training of individuals who have access to or work in

869-432: A schedule where they conduct research on their own topic of interest for one day of the week, but for the rest they work on a given group project. Finance management is yet another organizational issue. The laboratory itself is a historically dated organizational model. It came about due to the observation that the quality of work of researchers who collaborate is overall greater than a researcher working in isolation. From

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948-489: A similar structure facing Hickson Road, with an octagonal chimney stack on the northern side, and an attic level behind Romanesque style parapets and gabled roofs. In 1903, revised plans drawn by Vernon for the Electric Light Station and Workshop now shows a two level structure facing George Street and a three levels high structure facing Hickson Road, with an octagonal chimney stack 60 metres (200 ft) in height on

1027-646: Is assessed as scientifically representative statewide. This item is assessed as socially representative statewide. [REDACTED] This Misplaced Pages article was originally based on Mining Museum (former) , entry number 1555 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence , accessed on 14 October 2018. Chemical laboratory The organisation and contents of laboratories are determined by

1106-759: Is composed of a series of gable roofs, with central sawtooth roof lights. The internal construction is chiefly rolled steel column and beam structure with various sections concrete slab and timber floor construction. Brick chimney – 61 metres (200 ft) high and foundations . Style: Federation Warehouse with some distinctive Art Nouveau and Romanesque detailing.; Storeys: Five+ basement; Facade: Combination of sandstone, brick and rendered facades.; Side Rear Walls: Sandstone, brick and recent plasterboard; Internal Walls: Sandstone, brick and recent plasterboard; Floor Frame: Concrete slab and timber.; Ceilings: Plasterboard lining; Sprinkler System: Fire sprinkler system located in roof space.; Lifts: Brick lift well (south end of

1185-460: Is criticised for it positioning and for obscuring views of the Sydney Opera House, from the main pedestrian approach. In 2019, several property developments underway by the private sector in the area, including: Quay Quarter Sydney by AMP Capital, Opera Residences, One Circular Quay by Yuhu Group, Circular Quay Tower by Lendlease, and the Sandstone Hotels precinct by Pontiac Group. In addition,

1264-455: Is distinctly a strong visual feature to the local area. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. The subject site and building have a special cultural, social and educational value as a former Mining Museum and Chemical Laboratories, responsible for collecting, collating, displaying and researching minerals and geological objects. It

1343-770: Is generally called a scientific instrument . The classical equipment includes tools such as Bunsen burners and microscopes as well as specialty equipment such as operant conditioning chambers , spectrophotometers and calorimeters . The title of laboratory is also used for certain other facilities where the processes or equipment used are similar to those in scientific laboratories. These notably include: In many laboratories, hazards are present. Laboratory hazards might include poisons ; infectious agents ; flammable , explosive , or radioactive materials; moving machinery ; extreme temperatures ; lasers , strong magnetic fields or high voltage . Therefore, safety precautions are vitally important. Rules exist to minimize

1422-464: Is not enforced), but each class is aware and conforms to its existence. The degree of entitlement, which is also referred to as a staff's rights , affects social interaction between staff. By looking at the various interactions among staff members, we can determine their social position in the organization. As an example, administrators, in one lab of the study, do not have the right to ask the Locator where

1501-510: Is not unnecessarily kept at a very high level. Normally, ULT freezers are kept at −80 °C. One such device can consume up to the same amount of energy as a single-family household (25 kWh/day). Increasing the temperature to −70 °C makes it possible to use 40% less energy and still keep most samples safely stored. Minimizing the consumption of water can be achieved by changing from water-cooled condensers ( Dimroth condenser ) to air-cooled condensers ( Vigreux column ), which take advantage of

1580-412: Is of State Heritage significance in its own right. The former Mining Museum and Chemical Laboratory site and building is principally significant for its historical and aesthetic significance. It demonstrates the continuous significant human activity of collecting mineral and geological objects of economic and intellectual interest, carried out for almost 90 years on this site. It is an excellent example of

1659-459: Is owned by Property NSW , an agency of the Government of New South Wales . It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002. Late 18th century maps and plans of the area indicate that the site was not occupied by any buildings or other human structures. In 1807 Meehan's map includes the site within a larger parcel of land bounded by High Street (now George Street) and

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1738-471: Is representative of the decision to generally change from direct current (DC) supply to alternating current (AC) supply in NSW. Mining Museum was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales. The building has historical significance as

1817-427: Is significant as an early 20th century museum building illustrating important external and internal design features. It is a very distinctive building with landmark qualities to the local area, The Rocks and Circular Quay . The place is also significant because: It is associated with numerous significant historical events at world, national and state level. It is representative of an educational and research activity that

1896-507: Is the Former Mining Museum and Chemical Laboratory, consisting of a six-storey building and a detached 61-metre (200 ft) high chimney stack, which has been recessed into the side of the rectangular plan of the building. The building addresses two roadways, George Street and Hickson Road. It would appear that considerable bedrock has been excavated to George Street which is approximately three storeys above Hickson Road to facilitate

1975-494: Is the phenomenon of translation , driven by the different backgrounds and levels of expertise of the people involved. Early instances of "laboratories" recorded in English involved alchemy and the preparation of medicines . The emergence of Big Science during World War II increased the size of laboratories and scientific equipment, introducing particle accelerators and similar devices. The earliest laboratory according to

2054-669: Is the terminus for all public ferry routes in Sydney Harbour and the Parramatta River other than the Mortlake Ferry between Mortlake and Putney . Circular Quay was formerly a large tram terminus and interchange. As many Sydney bus routes follow the previous tram lines, the tram terminus in Alfred Street became a major bus terminus for many bus routes. In March 1995, the road on the eastern side of Circular Quay which served as

2133-532: The Tank Stream , which flowed into Sydney Cove at the western end of Circular Quay, was in-filled. The harbour was originally known as "Semi-Circular Quay", this being the actual shape of the quay. The name was shortened for convenience. Wharves were built on the southern shore. Reflecting Circular Quay's status as the central harbour for Sydney, the Customs House was built on the southern shore in 1844–1845. During

2212-399: The analysis of data . Scientists in other fields will still use other types of laboratories. Engineers use laboratories as well to design, build, and test technological devices. Scientific laboratories can be found as research room and learning spaces in schools and universities , industry , government , or military facilities, and even aboard ships and spacecraft . Despite

2291-470: The non-profit organisation my green lab . Organization of laboratories is an area of focus in sociology. Scientists consider how their work should be organized, which could be based on themes, teams, projects or fields of expertise. Work is divided, not only between different jobs of the laboratory such as the researchers, engineers and technicians , but also in terms of autonomy (should the work be individual or in groups). For example, one research group has

2370-443: The "Laboratory Standard". Under this standard, a laboratory is required to produce a Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) which addresses the specific hazards found in its location, and its approach to them. In determining the proper Chemical Hygiene Plan for a particular business or laboratory, it is necessary to understand the requirements of the standard, evaluation of the current safety, health and environmental practices and assessment of

2449-680: The "gateway to Sydney", the precinct has views of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Sydney Opera House and is a common location for viewing Sydney New Year's Eve fireworks. The Aboriginal name for Circular Quay is Warrung , meaning "Little Child". The first people to occupy the area now known as Sydney were Aboriginal Australians . Radiocarbon dating suggests that they lived in and around Sydney for at least 30,000 years. In an archaeological dig in Parramatta , Western Sydney , it

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2528-444: The 1870s, much of the commercial shipping activities was moving away from Circular Quay. The harbour was becoming too small to accommodate the increasing number of large ships accessing Sydney. Instead, shipping activities moved further westwards to Darling Harbour , which also had the advantage of a railway line. With the absence of commercial shipping, the harbour became increasingly used for passenger transport. The first ferry wharf

2607-499: The 1950s, the laboratory has evolved from being an educational tool used by teachers to attract the top students into research, into an organizational model allowing a high level of scientific productivity. Some forms of organization in laboratories include: There are three main factors that contribute to the organizational form of a laboratory : Other forms of organization include social organization. A study by Richard H.R. Harper, involving two laboratories, will help elucidate

2686-552: The 19th century, and many new kinds of equipment were developed in the 20th century. A 16th century underground alchemical laboratory was accidentally discovered in the year 2002. Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor was believed to be the owner. The laboratory is called Speculum Alchemiae and is preserved as a museum in Prague . Laboratory techniques are the set of procedures used on natural sciences such as chemistry , biology , physics to conduct an experiment; while some of them involve

2765-482: The Federation Warehouse style with good proportions and distinctive Romanesque and Art Nouveau detailing. It was designed by a very prominent Federation Period architect, Walter Liberty Vernon, who was the first NSW Government Architect. The design is a well considered and executed approach to the site. The building reflects the early 20th century development phase of The Rocks after the Government resumption. It

2844-512: The Sydney Harbour Bridge. It is one of the main congregation points for Sydney New Year's Eve . Circular Quay is also the home of Sydney's Museum of Contemporary Art and the City of Sydney Library in the heritage-listed Customs House . Sydney Writers Walk  – a series of plaques commemorating writers with some connection to Sydney – was installed in the footpath along Circular Quay in 1991. In autumn 2006,

2923-418: The Sydney Opera House is undergoing its largest renewal project since its opening. Circular Quay is a major Sydney transport hub, with a large ferry , rail and bus interchange. The Cahill Expressway is a prominent feature of the quay, running from the east, over the elevated railway station to join the Sydney Harbour Bridge in the west. International ships have docked and moored at Circular Quay since

3002-453: The building on the site. The Former Mining Museum and Chemical Laboratory building has a direct relationship with Circular Quay , George Street and Hickson Road. Positioned between these two important roadways, the building dominates the immediate precinct with its impressive chimney stack, large building scale and its fine proportions. Generally, the building is constructed with a combination of sandstone , brick and rendered facades . The roof

3081-418: The building) As at 3 May 2001, Archaeology Assessment Condition: Destroyed. Assessment Basis: Basements below George Street. Terraced into hill slope from Hickson Road. As at 30 March 2011, the Mining Museum and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which

3160-502: The concept of social organization in laboratories. The main subject of the study revolved around the relationship between the staff of a laboratory (researchers, administrators, receptionists, technicians, etc.) and their Locator. A Locator is an employee of a Laboratory who is in charge of knowing where each member of the laboratory currently is, based on a unique signal emitted from the badge of each staff member. The study describes social relationships among different classes of jobs, such as

3239-484: The construction of Circular Quay, the eastern side of the cove was used as a quarry and housed construction works. After the governor's residence was moved up the hill to the present Government House in the 1840s and 1850s, Macquarie Street was extended north through the Governor's Domain to Fort Macquarie . This led to the development of the area between the street and the shore into a commercial working wharf dominated by

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3318-598: The differing requirements of the specialists working within. A physics laboratory might contain a particle accelerator or vacuum chamber , while a metallurgy laboratory could have apparatus for casting or refining metals or for testing their strength . A chemist or biologist might use a wet laboratory , while a psychologist's laboratory might be a room with one-way mirrors and hidden cameras in which to observe behavior. In some laboratories, such as those commonly used by computer scientists , computers (sometimes supercomputers ) are used for either simulations or

3397-510: The earliest years of the colony. The Overseas Passenger Terminal is a major piece of Sydney transport infrastructure serving cruise ships and ocean liners and their passengers. Circular Quay railway station is the only station on the City Circle that is above ground. The platform looks out over the ferry terminus, providing views of Sydney Harbour, including the bridge and Opera House. The wharf complex hosts five commuter ferry wharves and

3476-423: The early 19th century, the entire eastern shore of Circular Quay was part of the Governor's Domain , though some commercial activity developed along the shoreline. The western shore, being adjacent to the original settlement now known as The Rocks , was busier. Cadman's Cottage is a building which survives from that era, built in 1816 for the use of the governmental coxswains and their crews, it marks approximately

3555-460: The hazards. The CHP must be reviewed annually. Many schools and businesses employ safety, health, and environmental specialists, such as a Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) to develop, manage, and evaluate their CHP. Additionally, third party review is also used to provide an objective "outside view" which provides a fresh look at areas and problems that may be taken for granted or overlooked due to habit. Inspections and audits like also be conducted on

3634-471: The individual's risk, and safety equipment is used to protect the lab users from injury or to assist in responding to an emergency . The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States, recognizing the unique characteristics of the laboratory workplace, has tailored a standard for occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories. This standard is often referred to as

3713-567: The laboratory are explained by social organization: A person's attitudes are intimately related to the role they have in an organization. This hierarchy helps understand information distribution, control, and attitudes towards technologies in the laboratory. Circular Quay Circular Quay is a harbour , former working port and now international passenger shipping terminal, public piazza and tourism precinct, heritage area, and transport node located in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia, on

3792-444: The laboratory. Training is critical to the ongoing safe operation of the laboratory facility. Educators, staff and management must be engaged in working to reduce the likelihood of accidents, injuries and potential litigation. Efforts are made to ensure laboratory safety videos are both relevant and engaging. The effects of climate change are becoming more of a concern for organizations, and mitigation strategies are being sought by

3871-458: The large surface area to cool. The use of ovens is very helpful to dry glassware, but those installations can consume a lot of energy. Employing timers to regulate their use during nights and weekends, can reduce their impact on energy consumption enormously. The disposal of chemically/biologically contaminated waste requires a lot of energy. Regular waste however requires much less energy or can even be recycled to some degree. Not every object in

3950-638: The largest open-air art exhibition ever in Australia took place on Circular Quay: Over 7 weeks the Berlin Buddy Bears visited Sydney. Each bear represented a member-country of the United Nations , symbolizing the universal principles of peace, freedom and friendship. The Quay is mentioned in the classic song " And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda " (1971) by Eric Bogle . "Circular Quay"

4029-434: The location of Circular Quay's natural western shore, prior to reconstruction. The Commissariat Stores (built in 1809) and Australia's first naval dock were also located on the western shore. The naval dockyard was expanded in 1818–1822 under Governor Macquarie , with four repairing docks. Circular Quay was constructed in 1837–1844 by reconstructing the southern section of Sydney Cove with an artificial shoreline. The mouth of

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4108-424: The major contributor to this high energy consumption are fume hoods. Significant impact can be achieved by keeping the opening height as low as possible when working and keeping them closed when not in use. One possibility to help with this, could be to install automatic systems, which close the hoods after an inactivity period of a certain length and turn off the lights as well. So the flow can be regulated better and

4187-634: The name changed to The Earth Exchange. In 1991 the Earth Exchange opened in March; and by 1996 the museum closed permanently. Since 1996, the building has been fitted out for offices. Archaeological History – Land occupied by Cunnyngehams shipyard by 1840s. Current structure originally constructed as a DC Electricity Power Station between 1902 – 07. The building is illustrative of the then debate on electricity supply , DC current being strongly, and stubbornly, supported by Thomas Edison . Generally however AC power

4266-413: The northern edge of the Sydney central business district on Sydney Cove , between Bennelong Point and The Rocks . It is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney . The Circular Quay area is a popular neighbourhood for tourism and consists of walkways, pedestrian malls, parks and restaurants. It hosts a number of ferry wharves, bus stops, and a railway station. Often referred to as

4345-411: The northern end of Sydney Cove , with the reference "leased to Robert Campbell Esquire" along with two adjoining parcels of land, one to the south, and the other on the western side of High Street. By 1902 the site of an old quarry that had otherwise not been developed before. Between 1902 and 1904 the lower part of the subject building constructed on the site for a power station and workshops. In 1908

4424-487: The northern side, and simple gabled roofs. Between 1902 and 2004 the lower part of the building constructed on the site for a power station and workshops but and left unfinished and roofless, with the generating equipment never installed. By 1908 the site was vested in the NSW Mines Department. Between 1908 and 1909 the upper levels of the subject building constructed for a mining museum and chemical laboratories, and

4503-494: The objects of a particular human activity, mining. The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales. The building is aesthetically distinctive. The building and chimney stack are very distinctive in form, style and detailing. The subject site and building, particularly the chimney stack, is very prominent in The Rocks and Circular Quay and

4582-410: The old Sydney Railway station to Circular Quay along Pitt Street in 1861 allowing easy transfer to ferries. Trams operated from Central station down Castlereagh Street to Circular Quay and back up Pitt Street in a large anti-clockwise loop. For many years, 27 regular services operated from Circular Quay. From 1936, the appearance of Circular Quay was dramatically changed with the construction of

4661-499: The present evidence is a home laboratory of Pythagoras of Samos, the well-known Greek philosopher and scientist. This laboratory was created when Pythagoras conducted an experiment about tones of sound and vibration of string. In the painting of Louis Pasteur by Albert Edelfelt in 1885, Louis Pasteur is shown comparing a note in his left hand with a bottle filled with a solid in his right hand, and not wearing any personal protective equipment . Researching in teams started in

4740-421: The relationship between researchers and the Locator. It does not describe the social relationship between employees within a class, such as the relationship between researchers. Through ethnographic studies, one finding is that, among the personnel, each class (researchers, administrators...) has a different degree of entitlement, which varies per laboratory. Entitlement can be both formal or informal (meaning it

4819-500: The replacement of wool stores with modernist commercial buildings. The Sydney height limit was increased from 46 to 279 metres (150 to 915 ft) in 1959, and a number of Sydney's first skyscrapers were built around Circular Quay. The AMP Building on the southern shore was Sydney's tallest building when completed in 1962. In 1973, the Sydney Opera House was completed at the northeastern end of Sydney Cove. Between 1971 and 1989, Colonial Mutual Life acquired land along Circular Quay for

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4898-562: The research community. While many laboratories are used to perform research to find innovative solutions to this global challenge, sustainable working practices in the labs are also contributing factors towards a greener environment. Many labs are already trying to minimize their environmental impact by reducing energy consumption, recycling, and implementing waste sorting processes to ensure correct disposal. Research labs featuring energy-intensive equipment, use up to three to five times more energy per square meter than office areas. Presumably

4977-438: The researchers currently are, as they are not entitled to such information. On the other hand, researchers do have access to this type of information. So a consequence of this social hierarchy is that the Locator discloses various degrees of information, based on the staff member and their rights. The Locator does not want to disclose information that could jeopardize his relationship with the members of staff. The Locator adheres to

5056-479: The rights of each class. Social hierarchy is also related to attitudes towards technologies. This was inferred based on the attitude of various jobs towards their lab badge. Their attitude depended on how that job viewed their badge from a standpoint of utility, (how is the badge useful for my job) morality (what are my morals on privacy, as it relates to being tracked by this badge) and relations (how will I be seen by others if I refuse to wear this badge). For example,

5135-585: The site vested in Mines Department. Between 1908 and 2009 the upper levels of the subject building constructed for a mining museum and chemical laboratories. In 1901 the Plan of Sydney in Fitzgerald's Royal Commission indicates the present site boundaries. In 1902 plans were drawn by Government Architect Walter Vernon for an Electric Light Station and Workshop. The plan shows six level structure facing George Street and

5214-602: The underlying notion of the lab as a confined space for experts, the term "laboratory" is also increasingly applied to workshop spaces such as Living Labs , Fab Labs , or Hackerspaces , in which people meet to work on societal problems or make prototypes , working collaboratively or sharing resources. This development is inspired by new, participatory approaches to science and innovation and relies on user-centred design methods and concepts like Open innovation or User innovation ,. One distinctive feature of work in Open Labs

5293-614: The university of Edingburgh. Furthermore, several networks have emerged such as Green Your Lab , Towards greener research , the UK-based network LEAN , the Max-Planck-Sustainability network , and national platforms such as green labs austria and green labs NL . More university independent efforts and resources include the Laboratory Efficiency Assessment Framework , the think-tank labos1point5 and

5372-415: The use of complex laboratory equipment from laboratory glassware to electrical devices, and others require more specific or expensive supplies. Laboratory equipment refers to the various tools and equipment used by scientists working in a laboratory. Laboratory equipment is generally used to either perform an experiment or to take measurements and gather data . Larger or more sophisticated equipment

5451-487: The wool trade, while the eastern side of the street remained part of the Domain. This part of Macquarie Street became known as the "wool store" end. Wool and bond stores and warehouses appeared on the site. The historic "Moore Steps" was built in 1868 as a passage between two wool stores, leading from the shore to Macquarie Street. By the 1860s, all three sides of Circular Quay were dominated by wharves and warehouses. However, by

5530-534: Was also responsible for educating various peoples from Miners to the General Public with different degrees of detail about minerals and geological objects. This association with the site began in 1908 and continued until 1995. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. It is an important benchmark and reference type. As an original planned D C Power Station and later as

5609-523: Was built on the southern shore in 1879. From the 1890s, ferry terminals came to dominate the harbour, and Circular Quay became the hub of the Sydney ferry network. The Sydney Harbour Trust was formed in 1900. Circular Quay was also a tram hub. It was the focal terminal point of most electric tram services to the Eastern Suburbs . The first tram to operate through Circular Quay was horse-drawn, running from

5688-533: Was constructed further north in 1940, and is today the Museum of Contemporary Art . Further north, the Sydney Cove Passenger Terminal was built in 1958–1960 to accommodate the increasing number of passengers arriving by ship. The building was renovated in 1988, 2000 and 2014. Large liners and cruise ships often dock here, their size dominating the cove. East Circular Quay was redeveloped from the 1950s with

5767-455: Was continuous from the turn of the century to recent times in NSW. The chimney stack is a rare surviving feature in Sydney and has a high level of integrity. The building is a rare example of and inner city building that was originally designed and partially constructed as a power station and then redesigned and completed as a Museum and Chemical Laboratory. The building was associated with electricity generation supply and distribution in Sydney. It

5846-472: Was erected on the east side of the cove, while the western shore became the centre of the early settlement. It was the focal point from which the city of Sydney grew. The first wharf on the shore of Sydney Cove probably dated from around 1792. In 1802 it was replaced with a timber-framed wharf called "Hospital Wharf", the first public wharf of the colony (later renamed King's Wharf and Queen's Wharf). Late 18th-century Scottish constitutional reformer Thomas Muir

5925-615: Was found that the Aboriginals used charcoal , stone tools and possibly ancient campfires. Near Penrith , a far western suburb of Sydney, numerous Aboriginal stone tools were found in Cranebrook Terraces gravel sediments having dates of 45,000 to 50,000 years BP. Prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in the Sydney area from as many as 29 different clans. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham

6004-482: Was inhabited by the Cadigal clan. The principal language groups were Darug , Guringai , and Dharawal . The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the indigenous people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells, and cooking fish. The Eora are the coastal Aboriginals of the Sydney district. The name Eora simply means "here" or "from this place", and

6083-450: Was sentenced to transportation to Sydney for sedition, and had a cottage on what is now Circular Quay. Thomas Muir escaped from the colony in 1796 aboard an American brig, the Otter . The eastern side of the cove remained largely uninhabited in the early years of the colony; one notable inhabitant was Bennelong , after whom the adjacent Bennelong Point and Bennelong Apartments are named. In

6162-562: Was universally adopted and this power station was never put into action. In 1909 it became the Mining Museum and remained so until 1995 (by which time it was known as the Earth Exchange). Since then it has generally been vacant with various proposals by the NSW Ministry for the Arts . The building is a former electrical power station; built between 1902 and 1909. The principal building on the site

6241-582: Was used by local Aboriginals to describe to the British where they came from. The Cadigal band are the traditional inhabitants of the Sydney CBD area, and their territory south of Port Jackson stretched from South Head to Petersham. Sydney Cove , on which Circular Quay is located, was the site of the initial landing of the First Fleet in Port Jackson on 26 January 1788. The governor's temporary canvas house

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