48-522: Old Bay Seasoning is a blend of herbs and spices that is marketed in the United States by McCormick & Company and originally created in Baltimore , Maryland . The seasoning is a mix of celery salt (salt, celery seed ), spices (including red pepper and black pepper ) and paprika . Some of the other spices that may be used are laurel leaves , mustard, cardamom, cloves and ginger as listed in
96-451: A mass-market product . Today, chips are packaged in plastic bags, with nitrogen gas blown in prior to sealing to lengthen shelf life, and provide protection against crushing. Chips were long made in a batch process , where the potato slices are rinsed with cold water to release starch, fried at a low temperature of 300 °F (150 °C), and continuously raked to prevent them from sticking together. Industrial advances resulted in
144-546: A German-Jewish immigrant named Gustav Brunn started the Baltimore Spice Company . The origins of the company can be traced back to Wertheim , Germany , where Brunn started a wholesale spice and seasoning business selling to food industries, seeing an opportunity as spices were in especially short supply amidst hyperinflation in the aftermath of World War I. Due to rising antisemitism as the Nazi Party rose to power,
192-525: A crisp". Sweet potato chips are eaten in Korea, New Zealand, and Japan; parsnip, beetroot , and carrot crisps are available in the United Kingdom. India is famous for a large number of localized 'chips shops', selling not only potato chips, but also other varieties such as plantain chips, tapioca chips, yam chips, and even carrot chips. Plantain chips, also known as chifles or tostones , are also sold in
240-467: A fried potato purée-based dough are known as "batata chips" ("potato chips"), or just "chips" . Most potato chips contain high levels of sodium , from salt . This has been linked to health issues such as high blood pressure . However, researchers at Queen Mary University of London in 2004 have noted that a small "bag of ready-salted crisps" contains less salt than a serving of many breakfast cereals, including "every brand of cornflakes on sale in
288-544: A large part of the snack food and convenience food market in Western countries. The global potato chip market generated total revenue of US$ 16.49 billion in 2005. This accounted for 35.5% of the total savory snacks market in that year (which was $ 46.1 billion overall). The earliest known recipe for something similar to today's potato chips is in the English cook William Kitchiner 's book The Cook's Oracle published in 1817, which
336-410: A lower-sodium version of Old Bay Seasoning. In 2017, McCormick changed the packaging (Along with McCormick's own line of Pure Ground Black Pepper.) from metal cans to plastic containers in an effort to reduce the packaging costs. McCormick has since changed back to metal cans for its line of Pure Ground Black Pepper, however, the plastic containers for Old Bay Seasoning remain the same. The seasoning
384-439: A name that persisted into the mid-twentieth century. A version of this story was popularized in a 1973 national advertising campaign by St. Regis Paper Company which manufactured packaging for chips, claiming that Crum's customer was Cornelius Vanderbilt . Crum was already renowned as a chef at the time, and he owned a lakeside restaurant by 1860 which he called Crum's House. The "Saratoga Chips" brand name still exists today. In
432-524: A premium, "gourmet" item. Kettle chips are thicker and the surface starch is not rinsed off, resulting in a style of chip called "hard-bite". Little consistency exists in the English-speaking world for the name of this food. North American English uses "chips", though Canadians may also call French fries, especially thick ones, "chips" as well. "Crisps" may be used for thin fried or baked products made from potato paste. An example of this type of snack
480-587: A settlement with Frito-Lay , Kettle Foods , and Lance Inc. , the makers of Cape Cod Potato Chips , for violating the state's Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act . The state had alleged in 2005 that potato chips from these companies failed to document that they contained high levels of acrylamide, which is listed by California since the 1990s as a carcinogen . These companies paid fines and agreed to reduce acrylamide levels to be under 275 parts per billion. Many potato chip manufacturers attempt to remove burned and thus potentially acrylamide-rich chips before
528-534: A shift to production by a continuous process , running the chips through a vat of hot oil and drying them in a conveyor process. Some small producers continued to use a batch process, notably in Maui . In 1980, inspired by the Maui Chip, an entrepreneur started Cape Cod Potato Chips to produce thicker, batch-cooked "Hawaiian style" potato chips, which came to be known as kettle-style (US) or hand-cooked (UK) chips and became
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#1732863267968576-782: A small spice grinder, Brunn founded the Baltimore Spice Company and produced the "Delicious Brand Shrimp and Crab Seasoning", which was later renamed Old Bay. The rights to the seasoning brand were purchased by McCormick & Co in 1990. McCormick continued to offer Old Bay in the classic yellow can. McCormick has a number of other products under the Old Bay banner, including seasoning packets for crab cakes , salmon patties and tuna , tartar sauce , cocktail sauce and seafood batter mix. They also make other seasoning blends that mix Old Bay seasoning with garlic , lemon , brown sugar, herbs, and blackened seasonings. McCormick has offered
624-607: Is Pringles , which are marketed as "potato crisps" even in the United States. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, "crisps" are potato chips which are eaten at room temperature, whilst "chips" are similar to french fries (as in " fish and chips ") and are served hot. In Australia, some parts of South Africa, New Zealand, India, and the West Indies , especially in Barbados, both forms of potato product are simply known as "chips", as are
672-484: Is chiefly used to season crab and shrimp . It is used in various clam chowder and oyster stew recipes. The seasoning is also used as a topping on popcorn , salads , eggs , fried chicken , chicken wings , french fries , tater tots , corn on the cob , boiled peanuts , dips, chipped beef , baked potatoes , potato salad , potato chips and guacamole . Several movie theaters in the Chesapeake region offer it in
720-419: Is produced when potatoes are fried or baked at high temperatures. This discovery in 2002 led to international health concerns. Subsequent research has however found that it is not likely that the acrylamides in burnt or well-cooked food cause cancer in humans; Cancer Research UK categorizes the idea that burnt food causes cancer as a "myth". In August 2008, California Attorney General Jerry Brown announced
768-616: The Pringles and Lay's Stax brands, is made by extruding or pressing a dough made from dehydrated potato flour into the desired shape before frying. This makes a product that is uniform in size and shape, which allows them to be stacked and packaged in rigid cardboard or plastic canisters. Pringles are officially branded as "potato crisps" in the US. Pringles may be termed "potato chips" in Britain, to distinguish them from traditional "crisps", but do not meet
816-590: The Smiths Potato Crisps Company Ltd, formed in 1920, Frank Smith packaged his chips in greaseproof paper bags and attached a twist of salt, and sold them around London. The potato chip remained otherwise unseasoned until the 1950s. After some trial and error, in 1954, Joe "Spud" Murphy, the owner of the Irish crisps company Tayto , and his employee Seamus Burke, produced the world's first seasoned chips: cheese & onion. Companies worldwide sought to buy
864-854: The Subway sandwich shop used Old Bay when mixing their seafood and crab salad. Many local Subway shops still have Old Bay for use on sandwiches. Convenience store chain Sheetz also offers Old Bay as an option in its delis due to their large presence in the Mid-Atlantic region, including areas beyond Old Bay's traditional territory. Old Bay is also occasionally used around the Chesapeake Bay region as an ingredient in Bloody Marys , and even in places as far south as The Breakers Hotel in Palm Beach, Florida . Some bars in
912-490: The Super Bowl , which initially sold out within 30 minutes of its launch and caused the Old Bay website to crash temporarily. Some customers resold the 10-US-fluid-ounce (300 ml) bottles, retailing for $ 3.49, online for between $ 50 and $ 200. In 2022, the company collaborated with Pepperidge Farm to produce Old Bay-flavored Goldfish crackers . The crackers sold out online within nine hours. In June 2021, Old Bay worked with
960-673: The True Temper Sports company and released a lacrosse stick with an Old Bay decal, both in the standard short and defensive long lengths. Spice mix Spice mixes are blended spices or herbs . When a certain combination of herbs or spices is called for in a recipe, it is convenient to blend these ingredients beforehand. Blends such as chili powder , curry powder , herbes de Provence , garlic salt , and other seasoned salts are traditionally sold pre-made by grocers, and sometimes baking blends such as pumpkin pie spice are also available. These spice mixes are also easily made by
1008-532: The United Kingdom , Walkers makes crisps with popular flavours as Prawn Cocktail, Beef and Onion, Roast Chicken, Smoky Bacon, Worcester Sauce, Pickled Onion, and Tomato Ketchup, and exotic flavors Thai sweet chili, roast pork and creamy mustard sauce, chicken with Italian herbs, Spicy Sriracha , BBQ Pulled Pork, sea salt and cider vinegar, spicy and aromatic curry, turkey and bacon, caramelized onion and sweet balsamic vinegar, Stilton and cranberry. In Ireland ,
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#17328632679681056-479: The former Yugoslavia , fried thin potato slices are known as "chips" (locally pronounced very similarly to the English pronunciation), with a clear distinction from French fries. In Brazil, "home-style" potato chips are known as batatas portuguesas ("Portuguese potatoes") if their sides are relatively smooth and batatas prussianas ("Prussian potatoes") if their sides show a wafer biscuit-like pattern, whilst American-like industrial uniform potato chips made from
1104-537: The 1960s, manufacturers switched to the less expensive composite canister (similar to the Pringles container). Reckitt Benckiser was a market leader in this category under the Durkee Potato Stix and French's Potato Sticks names but exited the business in 2008. In 2014, French's reentered the market. A larger variant (about 1 cm thick) made with dehydrated potatoes is marketed as Andy Capp 's Pub Fries , using
1152-456: The 20th century, potato chips spread beyond chef-cooked restaurant fare and began to be mass-produced for home consumption. The Dayton, Ohio -based Mikesell's Potato Chip Company, founded in 1910, identifies as the "oldest potato chip company in the United States". New Hampshire-based Granite State Potato Chip Factory, founded in 1905 and in operation until 2007, was one of America's first potato chip manufacturers. In an idea originated by
1200-634: The Baltimore region also often sell what is known as a 'Crabby Bo', which is National Bohemian beer where the lip of the glass or mug being used is moistened and dipped into a container of Old Bay seasoning. In 2014, the Maryland-based brewery Flying Dog created an Old Bay-inspired summer ale named Dead Rise to celebrate the seasoning's 75th anniversary. In 2022, McCormick collaborated with George's Beverage Company to produce Old Bay flavored vodka . In 2020, McCormick created Old Bay Hot Sauce in advance of
1248-641: The Caribbean regularly use spice mixes. Potato chip A potato chip ( NAmE and AuE ; often just chip ) or crisp ( BrE and IrE ) is a thin slice of potato (or a thin deposit of potato paste) that has been deep fried , baked , or air fried until crunchy. They are commonly served as a snack , side dish , or appetizer . The basic chips are cooked and salted ; additional varieties are manufactured using various flavorings and ingredients including herbs , spices , cheeses , other natural flavors, artificial flavors , and additives . Potato chips form
1296-727: The Netherlands, " Bolognese " flavoured potato chips are also popular; this flavour was introduced by Belgian chip company Croky. In Russia , the Russkaya Kartoshka brand of chips claim reduced content of oil in their curled (C-shaped, nearly ball-shaped) chips, and offers flavors like grilled salmon, shrimp and "Kamchatka's crab", that are unique seafood-themed flavors of potato chips mass-produced in Russia. Lay's offers crab-flavored and no-cream green onion flavored chips as ones made uniquely for Russian market. Lay's "Iz pechi" (literally "from
1344-463: The UK". Some potato chip companies have responded to the long-standing concerns by investing in research and development to modify existing recipes and create health-conscious products. PepsiCo research shows that about 80% of salt on chips is not sensed by the tongue before being swallowed. Frito-Lay spent $ 414 million in 2009 on product development, including development of salt crystals that would reduce
1392-481: The US are found in Mary Randolph 's Virginia House-Wife (1824) and in N.K.M. Lee's Cook's Own Book (1832), both of which explicitly cite Kitchiner. A legend associates the creation of potato chips with Saratoga Springs, New York , decades later than the first recorded recipe. By the late nineteenth century, a popular version of the story attributed the dish to George Crum , a cook at Moon's Lake House who
1440-523: The United States, barbecue flavor , were being manufactured and sold by 1954. In 1958, Herr's was the first company to introduce barbecue-flavored potato chips in Pennsylvania . Chips sold in markets were usually sold in tins or scooped out of storefront glass bins and delivered by horse and wagon. Early potato chip bags were wax paper with the ends ironed or stapled together. At first, potato chips were packaged in barrels or tins, which left chips at
1488-489: The bottom stale and crumbled. In the 1920s, Laura Scudder , an entrepreneur in Monterey Park, California , started having her workers take home sheets of wax paper to iron into the form of bags, which were filled with chips at her factory the next day. This pioneering method reduced crumbling and kept the chips fresh and crisp longer. This innovation, along with the invention of cellophane , allowed potato chips to become
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1536-558: The company moved to Frankfurt , Germany; however, on the night of November 9, 1938, a massive pogrom against Jews, known as Kristallnacht , led to Brunn being arrested by Nazi soldiers and sent to Buchenwald concentration camp . According to Brunn's son, Gustav's wife paid a large sum of money to a lawyer for him to be released; as they had already applied for and received American visas , they were able to escape with their two children to New York City and later Baltimore, Maryland, where Brunn had family. There, having brought with him only
1584-406: The condiment section. Potato chip manufacturer Utz created the original "Crab Chip" based on a similar mix of spices. The popular potato chip variety was later copied and marketed by Herr's Snacks (however, Herr's uses Old Bay seasoning and it is sold as "Herr's Old Bay Chips"). Lay's introduced its own Old Bay-seasoned "Chesapeake Bay Crab Spice" flavored chips in 2018. Early in its history,
1632-425: The definition or standard of identity for potato chips. Munchos , another brand that uses the term "potato crisps", has deep air pockets in its chips that give it a curved shape, though the chips themselves resemble regular bagged chips. An additional product similar to potato chips exists in the form of "potato sticks", also called "shoestring potatoes". These are made as extremely thin (2 to 3 mm) versions of
1680-828: The home cook for later use. Masala (from Hindi / Urdu masalah , based on Arabic masalih ) is a term from the Indian subcontinent for a spice mix, often confused with Marsala wine due to similar pronunciations. A masala can be either a combination of dried (and usually dry-roasted ) spices, or a paste (such as vindaloo masala) made from a mixture of spices and other ingredients—often garlic, ginger, onions, chilli paste and tomato. Masalas are used extensively in Indian cuisine to add spice and flavor, most familiarly to Western cuisine in chicken tikka masala and chicken curry , or in masala chai . Other South Asian cuisines including Bangladeshi , Nepali , Pakistani and Sri Lankan , Southeast Asian cuisine such as Burmese and
1728-605: The larger "home-style" variety. In the north of New Zealand, they are sometimes affectionately known as "chippies"; however, they are marketed as "chips" throughout the country. In Australia and New Zealand, a distinction is sometimes made between "hot chips" (fried potatoes) and "chips" or "potato chips". In Bangladesh, they are generally known as "chip" or "chips", and much less frequently as "crisps" (pronounced "kirisp") and locally, alu bhaja . In German-speaking countries (Austria, Germany: " Kartoffelchips ", often shortened to "Chips"; Switzerland: " Pommes Chips ") and in countries of
1776-453: The media when an ingredient many contained, Olestra , was linked in some individuals to abdominal discomfort and loose stools. Many other products might be called "crisps" in Britain, but would not be classed as "potato chips" because they are not made with potato or are not chipped (for example, Wotsits , Quavers , Skips , Hula Hoops , and Monster Munch ). British restaurant critic Tanya Gold argues that Monster Munch "is absolutely not
1824-800: The original product in the Baltimore Museum of Industry . It is regionally popular, specifically in Maryland, as well as in the Mid-Atlantic States , the Southern States , parts of New England and the Gulf Coast . Old Bay Seasoning is named after the Old Bay Line , a passenger ship line that plied the waters of the Chesapeake Bay from Baltimore to Norfolk, Virginia , in the early 1900s. In 1939,
1872-477: The packaging process. Large scanners are used to eliminate chips worst affected by heat. In the United States , major regional brands include Jays , Better Made , Old Dutch , Utz and Zapp's . In Canada , regional varieties include all-dressed , dill pickle, and ketchup . Ketchup chips are flavored with tomato, garlic and onions. In Colombia , lemon , chicken , chorizo , and sirloin steak with mushroom sauce flavored potato chips are sold. In
1920-454: The popular French fry but are fried in the manner of regular salted potato chips. A hickory -smoke-flavored version is popular in Canada, going by the vending machine name "Hickory Sticks". Potato sticks are typically packaged in rigid containers, although some manufacturers use flexible pouches, similar to potato chip bags. Potato sticks were originally packed in hermetically sealed steel cans. In
1968-424: The rights to Tayto's technique. Walkers of Leicester, England produced cheese & onion the same year. Golden Wonder (Smith's main competitor at the time) also started to produce cheese & onion, and Smith's countered with salt & vinegar (tested first by their north-east England subsidiary Tudor and then launched nationally in 1967), starting a two-decade-long flavor war. The first flavored chips in
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2016-442: The salt content of Lay's potato chips without adversely affecting flavor. Unsalted chips are available, e.g. the longstanding British brand Salt 'n' Shake , whose chips are not seasoned, but instead include a small salt sachet in the bag for seasoning to taste. Many other popular brands in the United States, such as Frito-Lay , also offer such a product. One health scare related to potato chips focused on acrylamide , which
2064-510: The stove") line of less-oiled chips also include crab flavor. "Just Brutal" brand has pitch-black chips, where the flavors are "vinegar" and "Thai sweet pepper". In Japan , flavors include norishio ( nori and salt), consommé , wasabi , soy sauce and butter , garlic , plum , barbecue, pizza, mayonnaise, and black pepper. Chili , scallop with butter, teriyaki , takoyaki , and yakitori chip flavors are also available. Major manufacturers include Calbee and Koikeya . In Hong Kong ,
2112-527: The theme of a long-running British comic strip , which are baked and sold in a variety of flavors. Walkers make a similar product (using the Smiths brand) called "Chipsticks" which are sold in ready-salted and salt and vinegar flavors. Some companies have also marketed baked potato chips as an alternative with lower fat content. Additionally, some varieties of fat-free chips have been made using artificial, and indigestible, fat substitutes. These became well known in
2160-879: The two prominent potato chips are the spicy "Ethnican" variety by Calbee, and barbecue by Jack 'n Jill . In Indonesia , potato chips are commonly called kripik kentang and traditionally fell under the kripik category. The major brands are Indofood 's Chitato (since 1990s) and Lay's ( Frito-Lay ). In 2014, Japan's Calbee and Indonesia's Wings Food formed Calbeewings, a joint venture and marketed Potabee potato chips offering two flavors: beef BBQ and grilled seaweed. Lay's potato chips sold in Indonesia are available in six flavors: honey butter, sour cream and onion, nori seaweed, beef barbecue, classic salty, and salmon teriyaki flavors. In 2018 Chitato launched three unusual flavors: beef rendang , fried crab golden egg yolk, and mango sticky rice. Another food made from potatoes, notably
2208-863: The word "Tayto" is synonymous with potato chips after the Tayto brand, and can be used to describe all varieties of chips, including those not produced by Tayto. Hunky Dorys and King are other popular Irish brands. In Germany , Belgium and the Netherlands , salted and sweet paprika chips (sometimes also called ungarisch (from " Hungarian ") in Germany) are the two most common and popular types. In Germany, chip producers have introduced additional flavours, such as sour cream and onion, cheese, oriental, or more exotic seasonings like " Chakalaka ", " Currywurst ", "Pommes" (french fries), and " Rot-weiss " (red and white: french fries with tomato ketchup and mayonnaise ). In Belgium and
2256-589: Was a bestseller in the United Kingdom and the United States. The 1822 edition's recipe for "Potatoes fried in Slices or Shavings" reads "peel large potatoes... cut them in shavings round and round, as you would peel a lemon; dry them well in a clean cloth, and fry them in lard or dripping". An 1825 British book about French cookery calls them "Pommes de Terre frites" (second recipe) and calls for thin slices of potato fried in "clarified butter or goose dripping", drained and sprinkled with salt. Early recipes for potato chips in
2304-399: Was trying to appease an unhappy customer on August 24, 1853. The customer kept sending back his French-fried potatoes , complaining that they were too thick, too "soggy", or not salted enough. Frustrated, Crum sliced several potatoes extremely thin, fried them to a crisp, and seasoned them with extra salt. To his surprise, the customer loved them. They soon came to be called "Saratoga Chips",
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