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33-458: Okiato or Old Russell is a small town in the Bay of Islands , New Zealand , 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south of present-day Russell . It was founded in 1840 and served as New Zealand's first national capital until 1841, when the seat of government was moved to Auckland . The car ferry across the Bay of Islands , which provides the main access to Russell, runs between Okiato and Opua . Pomare II ,

66-587: A 3% margin of error). According to a report by the American Physical Society, religion may die out in New Zealand and eight other Western world countries. As of the 2018 census , those who did not affiliate with a religion outnumbered those with a religion for the first time. The Humanist Society of New Zealand and the New Zealand Association of Rationalists and Humanists promote

99-924: A population density of 28 people per km. Russell Peninsula had a population of 705 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 99 people (16.3%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 180 people (34.3%) since the 2013 census . There were 363 males, 342 females and 3 people of other genders in 309 dwellings. 3.8% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 59.9 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 57 people (8.1%) aged under 15 years, 60 (8.5%) aged 15 to 29, 309 (43.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 276 (39.1%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 89.8% European ( Pākehā ); 16.6% Māori ; 1.3% Pasifika ; 3.0% Asian ; 0.9% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 3.0% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English

132-409: A population density of 636 people per km. The settlement is part of the larger Russell Peninsula statistical area. Ōkiato had a population of 198 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 15 people (8.2%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 30 people (17.9%) since the 2013 census . There were 102 males and 99 females in 96 dwellings. 4.5% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age

165-744: A secular view of life without reference to supernatural agencies as one of their aims. A campaign to create advertisements similar to the Atheist Bus Campaign in the United Kingdom began a fund-raising drive on 10 December 2009, and reached its initial target of $ 10,000 in donations within 48 hours, making it one of the most successful atheist campaigns of all time. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand notes, in 2013 "47% of people who identified themselves as Europeans or New Zealanders said they had no religion – as did 46% of Māori and 30% of Asians. Only 18% of Pacific peoples, and 17% of people in

198-642: A town, but only one of the intended roads was ever built – leading directly from the town hall to the town jail. A year later in 1841 New Zealand was established as a separate colony from New South Wales and Hobson moved the capital to Auckland and most of the Russell residents moved there too. A few officials lived on in the Government House at Russell but when it and the offices burned down in May 1842, they moved to Kororāreka leaving Russell virtually deserted. Kororāreka

231-418: Is an irregularly-shaped 16 km (10 mi)-wide, 260 km (100 sq mi) drowned valley system and a natural harbour. It contains 144 islands, of which the largest is Urupukapuka , and numerous peninsulas and inlets. The three largest inlets are Waikare Inlet in the south, and Kerikeri and Te Puna (Mangonui) inlets in the north-west. The Purerua Peninsula , north of Te Puna Inlet, separates

264-428: Is often cited in support of the secularisation thesis . An alternative theory is that the data indicates a decline in institutional religious affiliation rather than simply a decrease in spiritual belief. A 1985 survey showed that around one-quarter of those answering 'no religion' may believe in a god and that, conversely, between 7 percent and 36 percent of Christians (depending on their denomination) did not believe in

297-535: Is traditionally known as Taimai, a name shortened from the Ngāpuhi whakataukī (proverb) Ka kata ngā pūriri ō Taiamai ("the pūriri trees are laughing with joy"), a phrase used to express delight in the world, or to welcome an honoured guest. The bay's English name was given on 27 November 1769 by Captain James Cook during his first voyage , when Cook and his crew landed on Motuarohia Island . The bay itself

330-797: The United States Exploring Expedition were present at the initial signing of the Treaty of Waitangi at Waitangi. In a 2006 study, the Bay of Islands was found to have the second bluest sky in the world, after Rio de Janeiro . A new fast boat manufactured by the Explore Group was introduced in the Bay of Islands in 2019 to take visitors to the Hole in the Rock at speed. The daily transport facility can seat up to 30 passengers and will ply several times during

363-554: The 1.24 km of land, the house, two small cottages, a large store and other buildings. Hobson eventually secured it for 15,000 pounds. He changed its name from Okiato to Russell, in honour of the Secretary of State for the Colonies , Lord John Russell . Hobson and his family moved there in May 1840 and officials, troops, workmen and immigrants took up residence in permanent or temporary buildings and tents. Mathew drew up ambitious plans for

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396-453: The 1930s. It is 60 km (37 mi) north-west of the city of Whangārei . Cape Reinga , at the northern tip of the country, is about 210 km (130 mi) by road further to the north-west. The bay is known in Māori as Tokerau, a name given by early Māori ancestors referencing a place in the Māori homeland . The wider Bay of Islands area, including the plain surrounding Waimate North ,

429-464: The 1991 census, 20.2% were in this category. The proportion more than doubled in two decades, reaching 41.9% in the 2013 census, and increased again to 48.2% in the 2018 census, when for the first time a plurality of New Zealanders claimed "no religion". This became a 51.6 % majority in the 2023 census. There is significant debate among sociologists about the interpretation of this trend in census data. The increase in those indicating 'no religion'

462-515: The Surveyor-General, Felton Mathew , to report on possible locations for a capital in the Bay of Islands. Clendon's property met the requirements for a good anchorage and immediate availability of land suitable for subdivision and on-sale to settlers. Kororāreka (present-day Russell ) was discounted as it had insufficient available land, and locations such as Paihia and Kerikeri were bypassed for various reasons. Clendon wanted 23,000 pounds for

495-411: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 123 (19.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 318 (49.1%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 159 (24.5%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 29,400, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 51 people (7.9%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

528-536: The chief of the local Ngāti Manu Māori tribe in the 1830s, sold land at Okiato to British merchant and ship owner Captain James Reddy Clendon , who settled there in 1832 and set up a trading station with partner Samuel Stephenson. Clendon became the first United States Consul for New Zealand in 1838 or 1839. When the Treaty of Waitangi was signed in February 1840, Lieutenant-Governor William Hobson instructed

561-539: The country). Some of the islands became notable as well, such as Motu Apo (Te Pahi Island) where 60 of chief Te Pahi 's people were killed as revenge after he was wrongly accused of being responsible for the Boyd Massacre at Whangaroa . The first European to visit the area was Captain Cook , who named the region in 1769. The Bay of Islands was the first area in New Zealand to be settled by Europeans. Whalers arrived towards

594-419: The day. In 1886, Albert Ernest Fuller launched the sailing ship Undine in the Bay of Islands to deliver coal supplies to the islands within the Bay. With the fitting of a motor in the early 20th century, Fuller was able to deliver the coal and essential supplies to communities as far out as Cape Brett. In 1927 Fuller acquired Cream Trip from Eddie Lane – with the facilities on board to transport cream from

627-603: The end of the 18th century, while the first missionaries settled in 1814. The first full-blooded European child recorded as being born in the country, Thomas King, was born in 1815 at Oihi Bay in the Bay of Islands (there have been unsubstantiated claims that a European girl was born earlier at the Dusky Sound settlement in the South Island ). The bay has many interesting historic towns including Paihia , Russell , Waitangi and Kerikeri . Russell, formerly known as Kororāreka ,

660-421: The existence of deities. The International Social Survey Programme was conducted in New Zealand by Massey University in 2008. It received mail-responses from around one thousand New Zealanders above the age of 18, surveying issues of religious belief and practice. The results of this survey indicated that 72% of the population believed in a god or a higher power, 15% were agnostic , and 13% were atheist (with

693-494: The fascination of local Māori who called them "man-carrying dogs" ( kurī waha tangata ). The Bay of Islands was visited in the 19th century by sealing ships and whaling ships that hunted in the ocean around New Zealand, often bartering with local iwi to restock their food supplied with local potatoes and pork. In December 1835 Charles Darwin visited the Bay of Islands in HMS ; Beagle . In February 1840, some members of

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726-524: The flagpole at Kororāreka (Russell) to start the Flagstaff War . Many of the Māori settlements later played important roles in the development of New Zealand, such as Okiato (the nation's first capital), Waitangi (where the Treaty of Waitangi would later be signed) and Kerikeri, (which was an important departure point for inland Māori going to sea, and later site of the first permanent mission station in

759-526: The islands, and by the 1960s, the newly commissioned Bay Belle started this run. Although a modern catamaran now takes this historical route of the original Cream Trip, Bay Belle continues to transport visitors and locals between Paihia and Russell throughout the day. The islands that make up the Bay of Islands include: Irreligion in New Zealand Although New Zealand has no established religion , Christianity had been

792-502: The most common religion since widespread European settlement in the 19th century. Statistics New Zealand gathers information on religious affiliation in the five-yearly census . Completing a census form is compulsory by law for every person in New Zealand on census night but respondents are able to object to answering the question of religious affiliation, and around 6% do object. The trend shows an increasing proportion of residents in New Zealand declaring no religious affiliation. In

825-566: The north-western part of the bay from the Pacific Ocean, and Cape Brett Peninsula extends 10 km (6 mi) into the ocean at the eastern end of the bay. The biggest town is Kerikeri , followed by Paihia . The small town of Russell is located at the end of a short peninsula that extends into the bay from the southeast. About 700 years ago, the Mātaatua , one of the large Māori migration canoes which journeyed to New Zealand from Hawaiki ,

858-436: Was $ 27,200, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 9 people (4.8%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 63 (33.9%) people were employed full-time, 30 (16.1%) were part-time, and 3 (1.6%) were unemployed. Russell Peninsula, which does not include the town of Russell, covers 26.17 km (10.10 sq mi). It had an estimated population of 720 as of June 2024, with

891-477: Was 31.8, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 25.8% Christian , 1.5% New Age , and 4.5% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 62.1%, and 7.6% of people did not answer the census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 36 (19.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 87 (46.8%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 48 (25.8%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income

924-519: Was 60.4 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 12 people (6.1%) aged under 15 years, 21 (10.6%) aged 15 to 29, 81 (40.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 84 (42.4%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 90.9% European ( Pākehā ), 12.1% Māori , 3.0% Pasifika , and 4.5% Asian . English was spoken by 98.5%, Māori language by 4.5%, and other languages by 10.6%. No language could be spoken by 1.5% (e.g. too young to talk). The percentage of people born overseas

957-512: Was part of the Port of Russell and gradually became known as Russell also. In January 1844 Governor Robert FitzRoy officially designated Kororāreka as part of the township of Russell. Now the name Russell applies only to the erstwhile Kororāreka, while Okiato has resumed its original name. Statistics New Zealand describes Ōkiato as a rural settlement. It covers 0.33 km (0.13 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 210 as of June 2024, with

990-455: Was sailed to the Bay of Islands (from the Bay of Plenty) by Puhi, a progenitor of the Ngāpuhi iwi (tribe) which today is the largest in the country. Māori settled and multiplied throughout the bay and on several of its many islands to establish various tribes such as the Ngāti Miru at Kerikeri. Many notable Māori were born in the Bay of Islands, including Hōne Heke who several times cut down

1023-452: Was spoken by 99.6%, Māori language by 3.4%, and other languages by 11.9%. No language could be spoken by 0.4% (e.g. too young to talk). The percentage of people born overseas was 32.3, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 22.1% Christian , 0.9% Māori religious beliefs , 0.4% Buddhist , 0.9% New Age , and 2.1% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 63.8%, and 10.2% of people did not answer

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1056-569: Was that 219 (33.8%) people were employed full-time, 105 (16.2%) were part-time, and 6 (0.9%) were unemployed. Bay of Islands The Bay of Islands is an area on the east coast of the Far North District of the North Island of New Zealand. It is one of the most popular fishing, sailing and tourist destinations in the country, and has been renowned internationally for its big-game fishing since American author Zane Grey publicised it in

1089-567: Was the first permanent European settlement in New Zealand, and dates from the early 19th century. Kerikeri contains many historic sites from the earliest European colonial settlement in the country. These include the Mission House , also called Kemp House, which is the oldest wooden structure still standing in New Zealand. The Stone Store , a former storehouse, is the oldest stone building in New Zealand, construction having begun on 19 April 1832. These settlements also reared horses during this time to

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