56-622: Okere Falls is a small town located 21 km from Rotorua on SH 33 between Rotorua and Tauranga on the North Island of New Zealand . The town is situated on the shore of the Okere Inlet of Lake Rotoiti , from which the Kaituna River flows north towards the Bay of Plenty . The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of drifting" for Ōkere . Okere Falls
112-591: A Treaty of Waitangi claim with the Ngāti Whakaue people to honour their broken contract, by agreeing to return the gifted lands that were no longer required for their original use. The town was connected to Auckland with the opening of the Rotorua Branch railway and commencement of the Rotorua Express train in 1894, resulting in the rapid growth of the town and tourism from this time forward. Guidebooks about
168-592: A spa town led to a 99-year lease of land from Ngāti Whakaue to the Government. The city first became a major site of tourism due to the Rotorua's close proximity to the Pink and White Terraces , until they were destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mount Tarawera in 1886. Rotorua was elevated to borough status in 1922 and to city status 40 years later. Rotorua is a major destination for both domestic and international tourists;
224-530: A Māori- and English-medium special character school from years 1–10. It currently has around 100 students. Students here need to attend a mainstream secondary school or Kura Kaupapa Māori for their senior secondary schooling. Rotorua has four Kura Kaupapa Māori : Rotorua has several media organisations, including the Rotorua Daily Post , More FM Rotorua and The Hits Rotorua . Rotorua's sister cities are: Ng%C4%81ti Pikiao Ngāti Pikiao
280-658: A Ngāpuhi-led coalition invaded Rotorua. The force, which also included Ngāti Whātua and some Waikato Tainui , landed at Tauranga and headed up the Pongakawa valley to attack Mokoia Island Te Arawa fell back after the loss of 170 men and were defeated by Ngāpuhi, and utu was satisfied. The first European in the area was probably Phillip Tapsell who was trading from the Bay of Plenty coast at Maketu from 1828. He later married into Te Arawa and became highly regarded by them. Missionaries Henry Williams and Thomas Chapman visited in 1831 and Chapman and his wife established
336-401: A local Māori chief, a lookout provides a good vantage point to see kayakers and rafts plunge over the seven-metre-tall waterfall. From the viewing platform, steps lead down to the river and Tutea's Caves. These steps were cut into the cliff face in 1907 as an attraction for early tourists, who would have their photo taken at the bottom of the steps. The trout pool at the northern end of the track
392-638: A mission at Te Koutu in 1835. This was abandoned within a year, but Chapman returned in 1838 and established a second mission at Mokoia Island. The lakeshore was a prominent site of skirmishes during the New Zealand Wars of the 1860s. William Fox advocated for turning the Rotorua region into a national park , inspired by the Yellowstone in the United States . Conversely, the Te Arawa community suggested
448-453: A route to Tauranga via Pyes Pa, while State Highway 5 turns westward, connecting to State Highway 1 at Tīrau and providing the main route into Rotorua from Hamilton and Auckland . To the south, State Highway 5 provides the main route from Taupō , Hawke's Bay , Manawatu , and Wellington . State Highway 30 runs southwest to northeast through the city. It enters the city in the southwest (running concurrently with SH 5), before crossing
504-410: A rural settlement, and covers 1.68 km (0.65 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 410 as of June 2024, with a population density of 244 people per km. Okere Falls is part of the larger Rotoiti-Rotoehu statistical area. Okere Falls had a population of 378 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 63 people (20.0%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 33 people (9.6%) since
560-622: A spa town and major tourist resort since the 1800s, many of Rotorua's buildings reflect this history. Government Gardens , close to the lake-shore at the eastern edge of the town, include the Rotorua Museum of Art and History housed in the large Tudor-style bath house building, and the Art Deco style Blue Baths , noted for its embrace of mixed sex bathing in the 1930s. As of October 2023 , both buildings are closed because of earthquake strength concerns. There are many geothermal attractions in
616-517: Is Te Rotorua-nui-a-Kahumatamomoe . Roto means 'lake' and rua means 'two' or in this case, 'second' – Rotorua thus meaning 'Second lake'. Kahumatamomoe was the uncle of the Māori chief Ihenga , the ancestral explorer of the Te Arawa . It was the second major lake the chief discovered, and he dedicated it to his uncle. It is the largest of a multitude of lakes found to the northeast, all connected with
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#1733084688603672-507: Is a Māori iwi of New Zealand . Te Arawa FM is the radio station of Te Arawa iwi, including Ngāti Pikiao, Tūhourangi and Ngāti Whakaue . It was established in the early 1980s and became a charitable entity in November 1990. The station underwent a major transformation in 1993, becoming Whanau FM. One of the station's frequencies was taken over by Mai FM in 1998; the other became Pumanawa FM before later reverting to Te Arawa FM. It
728-407: Is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of 132 as of August 2024. The school offers classes in either English or Māori . The Okere Falls area has drawn visitors for well over 100 years, with the area being a popular day trip destination from Rotorua. By the late 19th century, trout fishing had become very popular, and for a while the hydro-electric power station
784-427: Is a popular spot for fishing & rafting and is known for its beautiful lakeside and waterfalls. There are commercial rafting companies and holiday park accommodation within the town. A seven-metre-high waterfall lays claim to being the highest commercially rafted waterfall in the world. The community at Okere Falls is home to a shop, and a school at Whangamarino. Okere Falls is described by Statistics New Zealand as
840-609: Is a popular trout fishing spot. The Okere Falls stretch of the Kaituna River is popular with whitewater rafters and kayakers, and is classified as grade 3/4, with Tutea Falls being a solid grade 4. Okere is also home to the Okere Falls Power Station . In the fifth season of the CBS television series The Amazing Race , Okere Falls were the site of one of two Detour options, 'Clean or Dirty', with teams that chose 'Clean' got
896-574: Is home to the central campus of Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology , which provides a range of certificates, diplomas and a limited number of degree-level programmes. The largest programmes on offer are Te Reo Māori (Māori language), nursing , forestry , business, computing , tourism and hospitality . As of June 2022 , Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology is a business division of Te Pūkenga – New Zealand Institute of Skills and Technology. Rotorua has five secondary schools: Students can also attend Te Rangihakahaka Centre for Science and Techbnology,
952-527: Is known for its Māori cultural tourism. Rotorua is served by state highways 5 , 30 , and 30A , and the Thermal Explorer Highway touring route, with state highways 33 and 36 terminating on the outskirts of the city. State Highway 5, running concurrently with the Thermal Explorer Highway, is the main north–south route through Rotorua, bypassing the city centre to the west. North of the city at Ngongotahā, State Highway 36 splits off to provide
1008-590: Is located 9 km (6 mi) northeast of the city centre, off State Highway 30. Air New Zealand provides daily turbo-prop flights between Rotorua and Auckland , Wellington , and Christchurch airports. Previously Qantas also operated Boeing 737 aircraft from Christchurch, but upon their departure from domestic flights in New Zealand this was discontinued. Scenic and chartered flights in both helicopters and float planes are operated by Volcanic Air, who are based on Rotorua's lake front. From 2009 to 2015 there
1064-526: Is sited on the southern shores of Lake Rotorua , from which it takes its name. It is the seat of the Rotorua Lakes District , a territorial authority encompassing Rotorua and several other nearby towns. It has an estimated resident population of 58,800, making it the country's 13th largest urban area , and the Bay of Plenty's second-largest urban area behind Tauranga . Māori first settled in Rotorua in
1120-476: The 2006 census . There were 135 households, comprising 177 males and 201 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.88 males per female, with 66 people (17.5%) aged under 15 years, 57 (15.1%) aged 15 to 29, 195 (51.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 60 (15.9%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 73.0% European/ Pākehā , 35.7% Māori , 1.6% Pacific peoples , 5.6% Asian , and 1.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. Although some people chose not to answer
1176-607: The 2013 census , and an increase of 30 people (1.6%) since the 2006 census . There were 660 households, comprising 999 males and 966 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.03 males per female. The median age was 43.5 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 381 people (19.4%) aged under 15 years, 327 (16.6%) aged 15 to 29, 921 (46.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 339 (17.3%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 57.1% European/ Pākehā , 55.6% Māori , 3.5% Pacific peoples , 3.2% Asian , and 1.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
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#17330846886031232-706: The Fish and Game New Zealand hatchery at Ngongotahā . The lakes are also used for event venues; Rotorua hosted the 2007 World Waterski Championships and Lake Rotorua was the venue for the World Blind Sailing Championships in March 2009. Lake Rotorua is also used as a departure and landing point for float planes. The Rotorua urban area, as defined by Statistics New Zealand, covers 46.06 km (17.78 sq mi) and incorporates 26 statistical areas. It has an estimated population of 58,800 as of June 2024. Before
1288-727: The Mayor of Rotorua . She is the first woman of Māori descent to hold the role. Rotorua is covered by the Rotorua electorate for the general roll and the Waiariki electorate for the Māori roll. In 2022, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Rotorua District was $ 4.241 billion, representing 1.2% of New Zealand's total GDP. The sector with the largest contribution to the Rotorua District GDP
1344-429: The 'Land of Boiling Water' also proliferated. During the 1880s, tourists, especially from Australia, started visiting Rotorua to witness its natural marvels like the Pink and White Terraces until these were destroyed in a volcanic eruption in 1886 . Rotorua was established as a borough in 1922, elected its first mayor in 1923, and declared a city in 1962 before becoming a district in 1979. The city of Rotorua and
1400-587: The 14th century, and a thriving pā was established at Ohinemutu by the people who would become Ngāti Whakaue . The city became closely associated with conflict during the Musket Wars of the 1820s. Ohinemutu was invaded by a Ngāpuhi -led coalition in 1823, commanded by Hongi Hika and Pōmare I . In the 19th century early European settlers had an interest in developing Rotorua, due to its unique geothermal activity in Rotorua and its surrounding area. Then, efforts by Māori and Europeans alike to establish Rotorua as
1456-792: The 2023 census, the urban area had a larger boundary, covering 48.04 km (18.55 sq mi). Using that boundary, The Rotorua urban area had a usual resident population of 54,204 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 5,289 people (10.8%) since the 2013 census . There were 26,211 males and 27,993 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.936 males per female. Of the total population, 12,366 people (22.8%) were aged up to 15 years, 11,052 (20.4%) were 15 to 29, 22,980 (42.4%) were 30 to 64, and 7,809 (14.4%) were 65 or older. In terms of ethnicity, 59.2% were European/Pākehā, 42.3% were Māori, 6.2% were Pacific peoples, 11.5% were Asian, and 1.5% were other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities). Rotorua has
1512-677: The CBD, provides class 5 whitewater kayaking and rafting through a spectacular tree lined gorge. Another visitor attraction in the Ngongotahā area is the Wingspan National Bird of Prey Centre . It is a captive breeding facility and visitor centre located in the Ngongotahā Valley. Wingspan undertakes conservation, education and research activities related to birds of prey found in New Zealand, and provides demonstrations of falconry . Rotorua
1568-579: The Kaituna River is still commonly referred to as Okere River, and is a site of significant Māori cultural and spiritual values. Okere River means "the place of drifting". The Okere Falls area has three Ngāti Pikiao marae : In October 2020, the Government committed $ 4,525,104 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Pounamunui, Tāheke Opatia and eight other marae, creating an estimated 34 jobs; while also committed $ 441,758 to upgrade Te Takinga, creating an estimated 51 jobs. Whangamarino School
1624-402: The Kaituna River was Okere River. The river's alternative name, 'Kaituna', refers to its significance as a food source, in particular eels. Before the first road bridge over the river was built in 1872, local Māori operated a ferry across the inlet. Travellers from Tauranga to Rotorua would typically break their journey with a night at the nearby Fraser's Hotel. The first 11 km stretch of
1680-557: The Rotorua Caldera and nearby Mount Tarawera . The name can also mean the equally appropriate 'Crater lake'. A common nickname for Rotorua is "Sulphur City" due to the hydrogen sulphide emissions, which gives the city a smell similar to "rotten eggs", as well as "Rotten-rua" combining its legitimate name and the rotten smell prevalent. Another common nickname is "Roto-Vegas", likening the city's own strip of road flanked by businesses and restaurants to that of Las Vegas . The area
1736-645: The Rotorua area, including: The especially pungent smell in the central-east 'Te Ngae' area is due to the dense sulphur deposits located next to the southern boundary of the Government Gardens, in the area known as 'Sulphur Point'. Another of Rotorua's attractions is mountain biking . Rotorua was listed as one of the Top 6 mountain biking destinations globally by the International Mountain Biking Association in 2015, when they awarded Rotorua
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1792-419: The adjacent Lake Rotorua are located within the Rotorua Caldera that was formed in a major volcanic eruption approximately 240,000 years ago. The caldera is the source of the geothermal activity that is a key feature of the city and surrounding region. The Rotorua region enjoys a mild temperate climate ( Cfb ). Rotorua is situated inland from the coast and is sheltered by high country to the south and east of
1848-412: The census's question about religious affiliation, 52.4% had no religion, 38.1% were Christian , 4.0% had Māori religious beliefs and 1.6% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 90 (28.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 36 (11.5%) people had no formal qualifications. 54 people (17.3%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
1904-435: The chance to go whitewater river sledging at the falls. For the second series of Jack Osbourne: Adrenaline Junkie , Jack Osbourne tries whitewater kayaking at the falls as a part of the show's challenge before making his way to Japan. Rotorua Rotorua ( Māori: [ ˌ ɾ ɔ t ɔ ˈ ɾ ʉ a ] ) is a city in the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand 's North Island . It
1960-424: The city, resulting in less wind than many other places in New Zealand. During the winter months, June – August, temperatures can drop below 0 °C. Frost is common in Rotorua during its winter months, with an average of 57 ground frosts annually, and 20 nights per year below 0 °C. Snowfall in Rotorua is rare, and since the 1970s has only been recorded twice. On 15 August 2011 and 13 July 2017, snowflakes fell in
2016-504: The end of 2021. The city is also served by InterCity and services to local tourist sites. Edwin Robertson, who died aged 74 in 1931, started with pack horses in 1869 and ran coaches from 1873. In 1902, the Tauranga route was sold and became Robertson & Co, then, about 1903, Rotorua Motor Coaching Co. Ltd. In 1904, Hot Lakes Transport, which ran trips to Taupō, Waiotapu and all
2072-648: The establishment of a township centred around Rotorua's thermal springs, with the intent of developing a Polynesian Spa and health resort where tourists could indulge in hot pools. In 1880, instead of selling the land, the Ngāti Whakaue people leased 50 acres to the Crown under the Fenton Agreement, granting the government the authority to offer 99-year leases on their behalf. Revenues from leases helped fund Rotorua Boys' High School , and increased significantly upon
2128-485: The expiry of the 99-year leases. The eponymous Fenton Street in the modern city’s CBD bears the judge’s name. Nevertheless, the enactment of the Thermal Springs District Act in 1881 gave the government exclusive rights to both purchase and lease lands containing hot springs, lakes, or river, and as a result, by the turn of the century, nearly half of the Rotorua blocks were sold. In 1993, the Crown settled
2184-712: The gold level ride centre status. The Whakarewarewa forest includes over 150 km of mountain bike trails and in August 2006 was a host of the UCI Mountain Bike and Trials World Championships . Each year, from 2015–present, Rotorua has hosted a round of the Crankworx World Tour . The Rotorua Pistol club is among the largest in the Southern Hemisphere and hosted the 2013 Australasian IPSC Handgun Championship. The Kaituna River , 15 minutes drive northeast of
2240-519: The highest proportion of Māori of any city in New Zealand. In October 2013, Steve Chadwick was elected Mayor of Rotorua and was re-elected in the 2016 mayoral election and the 2019 mayoral election . She previously served as the Member of Parliament for Rotorua between 1999 and 2008, and served as a Cabinet Minister in the Fifth Labour Government . In 2022, Tania Tapsell was elected as
2296-541: The lakes, and Rotorua Motor Coaching added motor cars to their fleets of coaches. In 1905 E. Robertson & Co moved from Ohinemutu to the new town, close to the new railway station, which remained the main stop until InterCity moved to their stop from Hinemoa / Fenton Street to the Tourism Office in 1995. The last coach ran in 1919. When Hot Lakes Transport's assets were sold in 1920, they had 10 coaches and 3 motor cars. In September 1920, Rotorua Motor Transport Co.
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2352-430: The national economy. As a major visitor destination, Rotorua District has a much higher proportion of people in employed in accommodation (3.3%) than the national average (1.1%). Tourism contributed $ 231 million (5.5%) to the district GDP, compared with 2.8% nationally. The four largest industries in the district, based on employment, were hospitals, accommodation, cafes and restaurants, and primary education. Known as
2408-474: The service and the location of the station being a 15-minute walk from the town centre in an industrial area, passenger services stopped in October 2001. Freight services on the line declined over the decades until the nightly freight service stopped in 2000, largely due to a continual move of freight and passengers onto road transport using ever-improving highways in the region. The line is currently disused. Rotorua
2464-671: The southern suburbs to the shore of Lake Rotorua east of the city centre. It then runs through the suburb of Te Ngae, before splitting off SH 33 to continue eastwards. State Highway 30A runs northwest to southeast, connecting State Highways 5 and 30 with each other via the city centre. Rotorua has a local bus service, with 11 routes under the Baybus brand, serving the urban area, mostly at half-hourly intervals, operated by Reesby Buses . Bike racks were introduced in 2017 and Bee Cards for fares on 27 July 2020. Trial commuter services between Rotorua and Tauranga are running in each direction until
2520-621: The stage for further raids in the modern Rotorua area. Ngāpuhi and its allies launched an ambitious invasion of the Waikato in 1822, with a battalion led by junior chief Te Pae-o-te-Rangi were ambushed and slaughtered by Ngāti Whakaue for trespassing into Rotorua. This was apparently at the insistence of Te Rauparaha ; under Māori customary law the attack demanded utu . Ngāpuhi commander Hongi Hika convened with his fellow chiefs Pōmare I and Te Wera Hauraki to propose war, and thus in February 1823
2576-518: The tourism industry is by far the largest industry in the district. It is known for its geothermal activity and Māori cultural tourism, and features geysers – notably the Pōhutu Geyser at Whakarewarewa – and hot mud pools. This thermal activity is sourced to the Rotorua Caldera , in which the town lies. The name Rotorua comes from the Māori language , where the full name for the city and lake
2632-518: The town centre, and during the July 2017 snowfall, snow accumulated in the nearby Mamaku ranges and in the outer reaches of the district, where snowfall occurs on average once every three years. The Rotorua region has 17 lakes, known collectively as the Lakes of Rotorua. Fishing, waterskiing, swimming and other water activities are popular in summer. Several of the lakes are stocked for sports fishing with trout from
2688-578: Was $ 28,700, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 201 people (12.7%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 723 (45.6%) people were employed full-time, 237 (15.0%) were part-time, and 111 (7.0%) were unemployed. The area is the traditional homeland of the Ngāti Pikiao , who remain the guardians of the river through the Lake Rotoiti Scenic Reserves Board. Their traditional name for
2744-467: Was 11.8, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 46.7% had no religion, 37.7% were Christian , 5.5% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.3% were Hindu , 0.2% were Muslim , 0.5% were Buddhist and 2.6% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 309 (19.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 264 (16.7%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
2800-412: Was a site of heavy conflict during the Musket Wars . During the early 1820s, the large Northern iwi Ngāpuhi had begun expanding outwards further south, driving Ngāti Pāoa and their chief Te Hīnaki from modern-day South Auckland , and launched periodic raids into the Bay of Plenty . A military expedition into the Bay of Plenty by a combined Ngāpuhi and Ngāti Maru nō Hauraki force in 1818 had set
2856-575: Was a tourist attraction in its own right. A well-formed bushwalk with scenic lookouts over Okere River and its spectacular waterfalls, the Okere Falls and the Tutea Falls, as well as the remains of the hydro-electric power station, can be found on Trout Pool Road. There are car parks and toilets at both ends of the 30 minute walk, which starts at Okere Falls, passes Tutea Falls about halfway, and finishes at Trout Pool Falls. At Tutea Falls, named after
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#17330846886032912-432: Was also an international link, with direct Sydney to Rotorua flights. Rotorua is connected to the rail network by the Rotorua Branch line from Putāruru . Until 2001, passenger trains ran from Auckland to Rotorua via Hamilton daily using Silver Fern railcars, terminating north of the town centre at Koutu (the original station on Amohau Street was closed and relocated to Koutu in 1989). However, owing to poor advertising of
2968-435: Was formed and took over Hot Lakes Transport Co. and Rotorua Motor Coaching Co, continuing with similar services. In 1926, a consortium of local operators formed Rotorua Bus Co. During 1922, Kusab's transport company became K Motors, which was taken over by the railways in 1938. Rotorua Motor Transport and Rotorua Bus Co followed in 1940 and all became part of New Zealand Railways Road Services . Rotorua Regional Airport
3024-455: Was high value services (professional, managerial, as well as scientific and technical occupations), at 20%. This is less than the 26.7% contribution that high value services make to the national economy. The next highest contribution to the district GDP was from goods-producing industries representing 17.8% in the district GDP, versus 18.5% in the national economy. Primary industries, agriculture and forestry, contributed 10.2%, compared with 5.8% in
3080-542: Was initially settled by Māori of the Te Arawa iwi in the 14th century, and a thriving pā was built at Ohinemutu by the shores of Lake Rotorua . According to Te Arawa folklore, the city's bountiful geothermal springs had resulted from a plea by Ngātoro-i-rangi , an ancestral tohunga , for the gods to send fire-bearing spirits from Hawaiki , the semi-mythological Māori homeland. The Te Arawa Māori who lived at Ohinemutu eventually began to call themselves Ngāti Whakaue , after their ancestor Whakaue Kaipapa . Rotorua
3136-461: Was that 162 (51.9%) people were employed full-time, 39 (12.5%) were part-time, and 18 (5.8%) were unemployed. Rotoiti-Rotoehu statistical area, which also includes Mourea and Rotoiti , covers 404.02 km (155.99 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 2,120 as of June 2024, with a population density of 5.2 people per km. Rotoiti-Rotoehu had a population of 1,965 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 306 people (18.4%) since
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