Oensingen is a municipality in the district of Gäu in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland .
77-447: Oensingen is first mentioned in 968 as Oingesingin cum ecclesia . Oensingen has an area, as of 2009, of 12.07 square kilometers (4.66 sq mi). Of this area, 4.79 km (1.85 sq mi) or 39.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.49 km (1.73 sq mi) or 37.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.65 km (1.02 sq mi) or 22.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.08 km (20 acres) or 0.7%
154-485: A Celtic word for mountains, with similar putative etymologies (e.g. * juris , "mountainous forest") still appearing in more recent non-academic publications. However, since there are no clear cognates in the surviving corpus of the Celtic languages, modern studies of Proto-Celtic and Gaulish etymology tend not to list any lemmata connected to Jura, and the name must be considered fundamentally unclear. The Jura Mountains are
231-588: A chain of watchtowers along the Rhine from Lake Constance to Basel , with each tower no more than 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) away from the next one. But even these efforts could not restore peace and order in Switzerland, and numerous settlements were abandoned as their inhabitants fled to more defensible places or to the South. Urban culture faded away as the cities of Nyon and Augusta Raurica were permanently abandoned during
308-470: A direct route to Germania and all of Central Europe. The last obstacle in this path were the Raetians. After a first expedition against them by Publius Silius Nerva in 16 BC, a more thorough campaign by Drusus and the later emperor Tiberius brought Raetia – and thereby all of Switzerland – firmly under Roman control. The tropaeum alpium , built by Augustus in 7 BC to celebrate his conquest of
385-701: A far province of the larger Central European uplands . The Jura range proper lies in France and Switzerland. In France, the Jura covers most of the Franche-Comté region, stretching south into the Rhône-Alpes region and north into the Grand Est region. The range reaches its highest point at the Crêt de la Neige (1,720 m (5,640 ft)), in department of Ain , 5 km west from
462-590: A favor of Vespasian for the city in which he had lived for a time, or a measure to better control the Helvetii after the events of 69 by implanting a colony of veterans in their midst. The Alps were first administered by a legatus pro praetore in Augusta Vindelicorum ( Augsburg ), then by the procurator of the new province of Raetia . The Valais was split from Raetia by Claudius in AD ;43 and merged with
539-430: A hotel or restaurant, 31 or 1.2% were in the information industry, 45 or 1.8% were the insurance or financial industry, 165 or 6.5% were technical professionals or scientists, 54 or 2.1% were in education and 594 or 23.3% were in health care. In 2000, there were 2,690 workers who commuted into the municipality and 1,415 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.9 workers entering
616-434: A major centre of the watchmaking industry. The area has several cities at very high altitudes, such as La Chaux-de-Fonds , Le Locle and Sainte-Croix (renowned for its musical boxes ); however, it generally has had a marked decline in population since 1960. Both Le Locle and its geographical twin town La Chaux-de-Fonds are recognised as an UNESCO World Heritage Site for their horological and related cultural past. In
693-683: A short distance north of the Western Alps and mainly demarcate a long part of the French–Swiss border . While the Jura range proper (" folded Jura", Faltenjura ) is located in France and Switzerland, the range continues northeastwards through northern Switzerland and Germany as the Table Jura ("not folded Jura", Tafeljura ), which is crossed by the High Rhine . The mountain range gives its name to
770-544: A total of 1,874 households that answered this question, 30.6% were households made up of just one person and there were 22 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 533 married couples without children, 592 married couples with children There were 92 single parents with a child or children. There were 24 households that were made up of unrelated people and 37 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing. In 2000 there were 513 single-family homes (or 60.0% of
847-511: Is Gules a Cross pattee couped Argent. Oensingen has a population (as of December 2020) of 6,276. As of 2008, 26.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009) the population has changed at a rate of 14%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (3,859 or 85.4%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common (164 or 3.6%) and Albanian being third (153 or 3.4%). There are 23 people who speak French and 3 people who speak Romansh . As of 2008,
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#1732885023201924-539: Is 403 people or 8.9% of the population are between 65 and 79 years old and there are 142 people or 3.1% who are over 80. As of 2000, there were 1,916 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 2,123 married individuals, 255 widows or widowers and 223 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000, there were 1,837 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. There were 574 households that consist of only one person and 132 households with five or more people. Out of
1001-401: Is either rivers or lakes and 0.03 km (7.4 acres) or 0.2% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 4.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 8.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 6.1%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.2% of the area Out of the forested land, 36.1% of the total land area
1078-571: Is heavily forested and 1.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 31.3% is used for growing crops and 6.7% is pastures and 1.2% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality is located in the Gäu district, at the base of the Jura Mountains at the exit of the Balsthal gorge. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms
1155-714: Is not certain) or Theodorus , bishop of Octodurus , in 381 or earlier. The first Christian religious buildings date to the 4th century; they are found in Geneva , Chur and Saint-Maurice , known for the legend of the Theban Legion . The order and prosperity that the Pax Romana had brought to Switzerland ended, as elsewhere in the Empire, with the Crisis of the Third Century . In 260, when
1232-719: Is the Lägern , situated east of the river Aare. Much of the Swiss Jura region has no historical association with Early Modern Switzerland and was incorporated as part of the Swiss Confederacy only in the 19th century. In the 20th century, a movement for Jura separatism developed which resulted in the creation of the Canton of Jura in 1979. The east of the Jura range proper separates the Rhine and Rhône basins . The northern and eastern part of
1309-663: The Alamanni , a move not opposed by either absent or weakened Roman forces. These settlements established the most important cultural and linguistic division in modern Switzerland: the Burgundian areas eventually became the French-speaking Romandie , while the people in the larger Eastern half – called la suisse alémanique in French – still speak variants of Alemannic German . Raetia maintained its Roman traditions longer than
1386-558: The Colonia Julia Equestris (now Nyon ) on the shores of Lake Geneva and the other through Lucius Munatius Plancus in northwestern Switzerland, preceding the larger Augusta Raurica founded by Augustus in around 6 AD. Caesar's attempt to open the Great St Bernard Pass for Roman traffic failed in 57 BC due to strong opposition by the local Veragri . Concerted and successful efforts to gain control over
1463-770: The French department of Jura , the Swiss canton of Jura , the Jurassic period of the geologic timescale, and the Montes Jura of the Moon . It is first attested as mons Iura in book one of Julius Caesar 's Commentarii de Bello Gallico . Strabo uses a Greek masculine form ὁ Ἰόρας ("through the Jura mountains", διὰ τοῦ Ἰόρα ὄρους ) in his Geographica (4.6.11). Based on suggestions by Ferdinand de Saussure , early celticists such as Georges Dottin tried to establish an etymon "iura-, iuri" as
1540-458: The Gallic Empire briefly seceded from Rome, the emperor Gallienus withdrew the legions from the Rhine to fight the usurper Ingenuus , allowing the warlike Alemanni to enter the Swiss plateau. There, cities, villages and most villae were raided or sacked by marauding bands. The numerous caches of coins recovered from the period between 250 and 280 attest to the severity of the crisis. Only
1617-504: The Helvetii was similar to that of the Celtic tribes of the Valais , which were merged into a single civitas Vallensis probably around 40 AD, and given Forum Claudii Vallensium ( Martigny ) as their capital. Parts of the modern Ticino belonged to the colony of Comum ( Como ), founded in the 1st century AD. On the local level, the basic administrative units were the vici , replacing
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#17328850232011694-770: The Helvetii were the most numerous, but which also included the Rauraci in north-west Switzerland centered on Basel , and the Allobroges around Geneva . South of the Swiss plateau were the Nantuates , Seduni and Veragri in the Valais , the Lepontii in the Ticino , and the Raetians controlled the Grisons as well as large areas around it. The first part of what is now Switzerland to fall to Rome
1771-617: The Jura ridgeway , a 310 km (190 mi) hiking route. Several peaks feature observation towers (e.g. Faux d'Enson , Hage ). Tourist attractions in the Swiss Jura include natural features such as the Creux du Van , lookout peaks such as the Chasseral , caves such as the Grottes de Vallorbe , as well as gorges such as Taubenloch . The Swiss Jura has been industrialized since the 18th century and became
1848-852: The Teutons – joined the wandering Germanic Cimbri on a march to the West. In the course of the Cimbrian War they defeated a Roman force under Lucius Cassius Longinus at the Battle of Burdigala in 107 BC, but after the Roman victory over the Teutons at Aquae Sextiae in 102 BC, the Tigurini returned to settle in the Swiss Plateau. In 61 BC, the Helvetii, led by Orgetorix , decided to leave their lands and move to
1925-502: The Valais , shielded by mountains, escaped these predations. As the Empire's frontiers receded to the Rhine, Switzerland once again became a border area. Its defenses were strengthened, especially under Diocletian and Constantine , who rebuilt the roads and built castles ( castra ) alongside. Numerous fortifications were built along the Rhine border and further south, providing for a defense in depth . The border fortifications were completed by Valentinian I in 371, who established
2002-444: The secondary sector and there were 85 businesses in this sector. 2,944 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 228 businesses in this sector. There were 2,509 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.7% of the workforce. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 4,361. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 37, of which 36 were in agriculture and 1
2079-584: The 1st to 3rd century AD, as well as hundreds of villas of varying sizes built in the western and central part of the Swiss Plateau . The known vici include: The colonies of Nyon and Augusta Raurica at first had little cultural influence beyond their immediate surroundings. After Roman military defeats in Germania in 12–9 BC and 6–9 AD, the frontier was moved back to the Rhine and guarded by eight legions, of which one, originally Legio XIII Gemina ,
2156-490: The 2010-2011 school year there were a total of 431 students in the Oensingen school system. The education system in the Canton of Solothurn allows young children to attend two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten . During that school year, there were 96 children in kindergarten. The canton's school system requires students to attend six years of primary school , with some of the children attending smaller, specialized classes. In
2233-486: The 4th century, the stones of their ruins serving to fortify Geneva and Basel . Aventicum never recovered from its pillages: Ammianus Marcellinus noted in around 360 that "the city was once very illustrious, as its half-ruined buildings attest." The Roman era of Switzerland is traditionally held to have ended in 401 AD, when Stilicho withdrew all troops from the Rhine and the Danube. However, it has been argued that
2310-611: The Alpine region were undertaken by his successor, Augustus , as the rapid development of Lugdunum (Lyon) made the establishment of a safe and direct route from Gaul to Italy a priority. In 25 BC, an army under Aulus Terentius Varro Murena wiped out the Salassi in the Aosta Valley . At some time between 25 and 7 BC – either following the Aosta campaign or, more likely, in the course of
2387-692: The Alps, lists among the defeated peoples the tribes of Raetia and of the Valais, but not the Helvetii. It appears that they were absorbed peacefully into the Empire during the first century AD, except for their part in the conflicts of the Year of the Four Emperors , AD 69. The history of Switzerland under Roman rule was, from the Augustan period up until 260 AD, a time of exceptional peace and prosperity. The Pax Romana
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2464-513: The French Jura, the 11th-century Fort de Joux , famously remodeled and strengthened by Vauban in 1690 and subsequently by other military engineers, is situated on a natural rock outcropping in the middle of the range not far from Pontarlier . Part of the A40 autoroute crosses through a portion of the southern Jura between Bourg-en-Bresse and Bellegarde-sur-Valserine , which is known as the "Highway of
2541-493: The Helvetic pagi , or tribes, which were dissolved at the time of colonization. These villages enjoyed a certain autonomy and were governed by popularly elected magistrates ( magistri or curatores ). While the governmental system in the central and western part of Switzerland, as described above, is well documented, nothing of substance is known about the political and administrative system in eastern Raetia . However, records of
2618-507: The Jura consists of a sequence of geologic folds, the formation of which is facilitated by an evaporitic decollement layer. The box folds are still relatively young, which is evident by the general shape of the landscape showing that they have not existed long enough to experience erosion , thus revealing recent mountain building. The Jura range offer a variety of tourist activities including hiking, cycling, downhill skiing and cross-country skiing. There are many signposted trails including
2695-673: The Saône ca. 140 km (87 mi) north of the French city of Lyon . In Lyon, the Saône joins the Rhône. While the Rhine flows into the North Sea , the Rhône flows into the Mediterranean Sea . Northeast, the Jura range proper (known as "folded Jura", Faltenjura ) is continued as the Table Jura ( Tafeljura ). The Table Jura ranges (from southwest to northeast) across the Swiss cantons of Basel-Landschaft , Aargau , and Schaffhausen ( Randen ), and
2772-512: The Swiss border of the canton of Geneva , and finds its southern terminus in the northwestern part of the department of Savoie . The north end of the Jura extends into the southern tip of Alsace ( Sundgau ). Roughly 1,600 km (600 sq mi) of the mountain range in France is protected by the Jura Mountains Regional Natural Park . The Swiss Jura is one of the three distinct geographical regions of Switzerland,
2849-670: The Titans". Switzerland in the Roman era The territory of modern Switzerland was a part of the Roman Republic and Empire for a period of about six centuries, beginning with the step-by-step conquest of the area by Roman armies from the 2nd century BC and ending with the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. The mostly Celtic tribes of the area were subjugated by successive Roman campaigns aimed at control of
2926-436: The West, burning their settlements behind them – twelve oppida , according to Caesar, and some 400 villages. They were decisively beaten by Caesar in the Battle of Bibracte in 58 BC. After their surrender, Caesar sent the Helvetii home, according them the status of foederati or Roman allies, but not yet (as has previously been believed) fully subjugating them to Roman sovereignty. Caesar's policy aimed at controlling
3003-557: The area began to be occupied by Germanic peoples . The Swiss plateau , within the natural borders of the Alps to the South and East, Lake Geneva and the Rhône to the west and the Rhine to the north, was recognized as a contiguous territory by Julius Caesar . This area had been dominated by the La Tène culture since the 5th century BC, settled by a mostly Celtic population ( Gauls ), of which
3080-616: The center of the forum of Nyon. The first clear testaments to Christian communities in Switzerland date after 313, when the religion was officially tolerated with the Edict of Milan . It is however certain that, as in Gaul, the Christian faith had already had adherents for some time before 313. The first bishop in Switzerland was either Justinianus , bishop of the Rauricans, in 340 (his historicity
3157-530: The city council or ordo decurionum . The 100 members of this council, which corresponded to the Roman Senate , were selected by the duomviri among former officials or priests according to their wealth, and held office for life. Augusta Raurica and Aventicum were also the civitates , or capitals, of the non-Roman tribes of the Rauraci and Helvetii , respectively. In that capacity, the magistrates of Aventicum, as duoviri coloniae Helvetiorum , also governed
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3234-606: The conquest of Raetia in 15 BC – a campaign also subjugated the Celtic tribes of the Valais and opened the Great St Bernard Pass. That conquest was a consequence of the Augustan imperative of securing the Imperial borders. To effectively control the Alps as the shield of northern Italy, Rome needed to control both flanks of the mountain range. Thus it had to extend its power to the Rhine and Danube , thereby also opening
3311-402: The crucial North-South connection had to be kept open, the Swiss plateau was not really Romanized until decades after the conquest. The principal Roman settlements in Switzerland were the cities of Iulia Equestris ( Nyon ), Aventicum ( Avenches ), Augusta Raurica ( Augst ) and Vindonissa ( Windisch ). Evidence has also been found of almost twenty Roman villages ( vici ) established in
3388-484: The entire Helvetic population, which had the legal status of incolae (inhabitants) invested with the Latin Right . The rights of the Roman coloni , or colonists, were represented by a special authority, the curatores colonorum Aventicensum ("Heads of the colonists of Aventicum"). Moreover, the Roman citizens of the entire territory established the cives Romani conventus Helvetici ("Association of Roman citizens in Helvetia"). The civitas (tribal community) of
3465-457: The existence of a trade in slaves . In the course of Romanization, the Celtic polytheism of the local tribes was merged – syncretized – with the Roman religion . The Celtic deities came to be worshiped under the names of their Roman counterparts. Thus Lugus was replaced by Mercury , Belenus by Apollo , Taranis by Jupiter and so forth, in a practice called interpretatio romana by Caesar , who pioneered it. Roman gods also acquired
3542-422: The existence of a wealthy and cultured upper class of landowners. Many villae belonged not to Roman immigrants, but to members of the Celtic aristocracy who continued to hold their lands and their rank after the Roman conquest. Of the lower classes, much less is known, although there are inscriptions attesting to the existence of guilds ( collegia ) of boat skippers, doctors, teachers and traders, as well as to
3619-746: The gender distribution of the population was 51.3% male and 48.7% female. The population was made up of 1,821 Swiss men (36.2% of the population) and 760 (15.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,820 Swiss women (36.1%) and 634 (12.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 1,399 or about 31.0% were born in Oensingen and lived there in 2000. There were 982 or 21.7% who were born in the same canton, while 1,099 or 24.3% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 921 or 20.4% were born outside of Switzerland. In 2008 there were 28 live births to Swiss citizens and 10 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 29 deaths of Swiss citizens and 3 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration,
3696-427: The municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 13.9% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.3% used a private car. From the 2000 census, 1,893 or 41.9% were Roman Catholic , while 1,242 or 27.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 201 members of an Orthodox church (or about 4.45% of the population), there were 6 individuals (or about 0.13% of
3773-440: The municipality there were 335 students in primary school. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. All the lower secondary students from Oensingen attend their school in a neighboring municipality. As of 2000, there were 186 students in Oensingen who came from another municipality, while 138 residents attended schools outside
3850-424: The municipality. Oensingen is home to the Gemeinde-Bibliothek Oensingen library. The library has (as of 2008) 15,633 books or other media, and loaned out 53,815 items in the same year. It was open a total of 235 days with average of 15 hours per week during that year. Jura Mountains The Jura Mountains ( / ˈ dʒ ʊər ə , ˈ ʒ ʊər ə / JOOR -ə, ZHOOR -ə ) are a sub-alpine mountain range
3927-407: The municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 586. There were 74 single-room apartments and 578 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 1,786 apartments (92.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 97 apartments (5.0%) were seasonally occupied and 48 apartments (2.5%) were empty. As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units
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#17328850232014004-511: The names of local gods as epithets ; thus Mars was venerated as Mars Caturix , Mercury as Mercurius Cissonius and Jupiter as Jupiter Poeninus after the god of the Pennine Alps . As oriental religions grew more popular in the later Empire – unlike the traditional Roman cults, they promised rewards in the afterlife – they also percolated into Gaul. Artifacts related to the cults of gods such as Isis , Osiris , Serapis , Kybele , Serapios , Dionysos or Mithras have been found at
4081-425: The native aristocracy to engage in local government, built a network of roads connecting their newly established colonial cities and divided up the area among the Roman provinces . Roman civilization began to retreat from Swiss territory when it became a border region again after the Crisis of the Third Century . Roman control weakened after 401 AD, but did not entirely disappear until the mid-5th century after which
4158-495: The non-Swiss population increased by 47 people. This represents a population growth rate of 1.5%. The age distribution, as of 2000, in Oensingen is; 354 children or 7.8% of the population are between 0 and 6 years old and 739 teenagers or 16.4% are between 7 and 19. Of the adult population, 331 people or 7.3% of the population are between 20 and 24 years old. 1,470 people or 32.5% are between 25 and 44, and 1,078 people or 23.9% are between 45 and 64. The senior population distribution
4235-403: The others being the Swiss plateau and the Swiss Alps . Most of the range covers the western border with France. In Switzerland, the Jura Mountains extend over an area covering (from northeast to southwest) the cantons of Zurich , Aargau , Basel-Landschaft , Solothurn , Jura , Bern (i.e., Bernese Jura ), Neuchâtel , Vaud , and Geneva . The easternmost mountain of the Jura range proper
4312-476: The period exhibit influences of ornamental Celtic art , classical Greco-Roman art and even Oriental styles from the far reaches of the Empire. An important incentive for the local people to Romanize was the perspective of obtaining the various degrees of Roman citizenship and the rights conferred thereby, including the right to vote, to hold public office and to render military service. The hundreds of villae found in Switzerland, some very luxurious, attest to
4389-419: The population of Swiss citizens decreased by 1 while the foreign population increased by 7. There were 3 Swiss men and 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 24 non-Swiss men and 17 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 25 and
4466-421: The population) did not answer the question. In Oensingen about 1,721 or (38.1%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 418 or (9.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 418 who completed tertiary schooling, 72.0% were Swiss men, 15.8% were Swiss women, 8.1% were non-Swiss men and 4.1% were non-Swiss women. During
4543-502: The population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church , and there were 63 individuals (or about 1.39% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 487 (or about 10.78% of the population) who were Islamic . There were 24 individuals who were Buddhist , 10 individuals who were Hindu and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 462 (or about 10.23% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 127 individuals (or about 2.81% of
4620-500: The province of Alpes Graiae to form a new province, Alpes Graiae et Poeninae . As for the Swiss plateau, its western and central part up to Ad Fines ( Pfyn ) was administratively part of the province of Belgica and for military purposes part of Germania Superior . Its eastern part belonged to Raetia. This division, established by Augustus in 22 BC, was accompanied by a redistribution of tribal settlement areas. It remained essentially unchanged until Diocletian 's reforms in
4697-434: The range drains towards the Rhine river and its tributaries Aare and Ill , whereas the western and southern parts drain towards the Rhône river and its (sub)tributaries Doubs , Saône , and Ain . Initially the river Doubs (a subtributary of the Rhône) flows about 100 km (62 mi) northeast, briefly venturing into Switzerland, then changing direction and flowing about 170 km (110 mi) southwest before joining
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#17328850232014774-418: The site of every Roman settlement in Switzerland. The great significance of religion in the culture of Roman Switzerland is illustrated by the imposing size and central location of the Roman temples in the cities, as well as by the great number of religious artifacts found by archaeologists. As everywhere in the Empire, the Imperial cult was practiced in Switzerland; it had a particularly prominent temple in
4851-432: The southern German states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria (as Klettgau Jura, Baar Jura , and the Swabian and Franconian plateaus). The range is built up vertically while decreasing in size laterally (along a rough northwest–southeast line). This deformation accommodates the compression from alpine folding as the main Alpine orogenic front moves roughly northwards. The deformation becomes less pervasive away from
4928-408: The strategic routes from Italy across the Alps to the Rhine and into Gaul , most importantly by Julius Caesar 's defeat of the largest tribal group, the Helvetii , in the Gallic Wars in 58 BC. Under the Pax Romana , the area was smoothly integrated into the prospering Empire, and its population assimilated into the wider Gallo-Roman culture by the 2nd century AD, as the Romans enlisted
5005-413: The superimposition of Roman culture on the local population appears to have been unproblematic and thorough, the Celtic traditions did not disappear entirely, resulting in a fusion of Roman and local culture that characterized all aspects of society. Latin , the language of government and instruction, only gradually replaced the local Celtic dialects in everyday use. Local artworks and religious icons of
5082-407: The territory west of the Jura and Rhine , as well as at blocking the potential incursion routes from the East along the Jura. The Raetians, described as savage warriors by Strabo , continued to launch incursions into the Swiss Plateau and also had to be contained. To that end, Caesar charged the Helvetii and the Rauraci with defending their territory and established two colonies of veterans – one,
5159-444: The third century, when parts of Switzerland each belonged to the provinces of Sequania , Vienna , Raetia Prima , Liguria and Alpes Graiae et Poeninae . The colonies of Nyon, Aventicum and Augusta Raurica were governed under republican constitutions similar to that of Rome. Most governmental powers were exercised by a pair of magistrates, the duoviri , elected annually first by all citizens older than 25, and in later times by
5236-564: The time show that a great number of local nobles held political and religious offices in Raetia, indicating that the Romans successfully co-opted the local elite. Testaments of Roman culture such as baths, floor heating and imported goods (pottery, glass, religious icons and artworks) have been found in even the poorest Roman era dwellings, indicating that Romanization was effective at all levels of society. Roman public baths were found in all villages, temples with integrated theaters – showing animal or gladiatorial combat – in most. While
5313-491: The total) out of a total of 855 inhabited buildings. There were 165 multi-family buildings (19.3%), along with 109 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (12.7%) and 68 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (8.0%). Of the single-family homes 47 were built before 1919, while 56 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single-family homes (101) were built between 1981 and 1990. In 2000 there were 1,931 apartments in
5390-423: The vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (21.96%), the CVP (18.3%) and the SP (17.74%). In the federal election, a total of 1,377 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.8%. As of 2010, Oensingen had an unemployment rate of 4.5%. As of 2008, there were 68 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 14 businesses involved in this sector. 1,880 people were employed in
5467-415: The withdrawal was only temporary and partial, and that Roman control of these rivers was reestablished in 411–413 with the assistance of tribes moving south from Germania. In any case, the fifth century saw the apparently non-violent takeover of western Switzerland by the Burgundians (placed there by Flavius Aetius in 443 as a shield against the invading Huns ) and of Northern and Central Switzerland by
5544-651: The younger, more active Alpine mountain building. The geologic folds comprise three major bands ( lithological units) of building that date from three epochs : the Lias ( Early Jurassic ), the Dogger ( Middle Jurassic ) and the Malm ( Late Jurassic ) geologic periods . Each era of folding reveals effects of previously shallow marine environments as evidenced by beds with carbonate sequences, containing abundant bioclasts and oolitic divisions between layers (called horizons). Structurally,
5621-472: Was 17.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 5.42%. The historical population is given in the following chart: The prehistoric and Roman era hilltop settlement and medieval castle at Lehnflue and Neu Bechburg Castle are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance . In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 33.45% of
5698-456: Was based in the permanent camp of Vindonissa ( Windisch ). Aventicum ( Avenches ) was likely the capital of the Helvetii since its founding at the beginning of the 1st century. In the 40s, it benefited from the traffic brought over the St Bernard pass over a street expanded by Claudius , and in 71 it acquired the status of a Roman colony and of an allied city. This is believed to have been
5775-408: Was in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1,776 of which 1,376 or (77.5%) were in manufacturing and 358 (20.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 2,548. In the tertiary sector; 936 or 36.7% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 321 or 12.6% were in the movement and storage of goods, 86 or 3.4% were in
5852-413: Was made possible by the protection of well-defended and distant Imperial borders and a peaceful and smooth Romanization of the local population. The Romans urbanized the territory with numerous settlements and built a network of high-quality Roman roads connecting them, allowing for the integration of Helvetia into the imperial economy. While the Roman presence was always strong in the Alps, where
5929-611: Was the southern Ticino , annexed after the Roman victory over the Insubres in 222 BC. The territory of the Allobroges around Geneva came under Roman sway by 121 BC and was incorporated into the province of Gallia Narbonensis before the Gallic Wars (58–51 BC). In around 110 BC, two Helvetic tribes under Divico – the Tigurini and the Tougeni , sometimes identified with
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