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67-750: Oeko-Tex labels and certificates confirm the safety of textile products and leather articles from all stages of production. Some also attest to social and environmental conditions in production facilities. The Oeko-Tex Association was founded in March 1992 by the Austrian Textile Research Institute (now OETI - Institut fuer Oekologie, Technik und Innovation  [ de ] ) and the German Hohenstein Institute . The Swiss textile testing institute Testex joined in 1993. Other European and Asian testing and research institutes joined in

134-405: A Web browser ). QR code has become a focus of advertising strategy, since it provides a way to access a brand's website more quickly than by manually entering a URL. Beyond mere convenience to the consumer, the importance of this capability is that it increases the conversion rate : the chance that contact with the advertisement will convert to a sale. It coaxes interested prospects further down

201-417: A brand protection program. However, the security level of a regular QR code is limited since QR codes printed on original products are easily reproduced on fake products, even though the analysis of data generated as a result of QR code scanning can be used to detect counterfeiting and illicit activity. A higher security level can be attained by embedding a digital watermark or copy detection pattern into

268-444: A camera phone equipped with the correct reader application can scan the image of the QR code to display text and contact information, connect to a wireless network , or open a web page in the phone's browser. This act of linking from physical world objects is termed hardlinking or object hyperlinking . QR codes also may be linked to a location to track where a code has been scanned. Either

335-818: A headstone . In 2008, Ishinokoe in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan began to sell tombstones with QR codes produced by IT DeSign, where the code leads to a virtual grave site of the deceased. Other companies, such as Wisconsin-based Interactive Headstones, have also begun implementing QR codes into tombstones. In 2014, the Jewish Cemetery of La Paz in Uruguay began implementing QR codes for tombstones. QR codes can be used to generate time-based one-time passwords for electronic authentication . QR codes have been used by various retail outlets that have loyalty programs . Sometimes these programs are accessed with an app that

402-415: A QR code is shown on the login page on a computer screen , and when a registered user scans it with a verified smartphone, they will automatically be logged in. Authentication is performed by the smartphone, which contacts the server. Google deployed such a login scheme in 2012. There is a system whereby a QR code can be displayed on a device such as a smartphone and used as an admission ticket . Its use

469-510: A QR code or a barcode. Some 58% of those users scanned a QR or barcode from their homes, while 39% scanned from retail stores; 53% of the 14 million users were men between the ages of 18 and 34. In 2022, 89 million people in the United States scanned a QR code using their mobile devices, up by 26 percent compared to 2020. The majority of QR code users used them to make payments or to access product and menu information. In September 2020,

536-693: A QR code. Many of these applications target mobile-phone users (via mobile tagging ). Users may receive text, add a vCard contact to their device, open a URL, or compose an e-mail or text message after scanning QR codes. They can generate and print their own QR codes for others to scan and use by visiting one of several pay or free QR code-generating sites or apps. Google had an API , now deprecated, to generate QR codes, and apps for scanning QR codes can be found on nearly all smartphone devices. QR codes storing addresses and URLs may appear in magazines, on signs, on buses, on business cards, or on almost any object about which users might want information. Users with

603-444: A cashier or waiter. QR codes can also link to daily or weekly specials that are not printed on the standardized menus, and enable the establishment to update the entire menu without needing to print copies. At table-serve restaurants, QR codes enable guests to order and pay for their meals without a waiter involved – the QR code contains the table number so servers know where to bring the food. This application has grown especially since

670-592: A common QR code jointly developed by all the four major card payment companies – National Payments Corporation of India that runs RuPay cards along with Mastercard , Visa , and American Express . It will also have the capability of accepting payments on the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) platform. QR codes are used in some augmented reality systems to determine the positions of objects in 3-dimensional space. QR codes can be used on various mobile device operating systems. While initially requiring

737-531: A company's discounted and percent discount can be captured using a QR code decoder that is a mobile app, or storing a company's information such as address and related information alongside its alpha-numeric text data as can be seen in telephone directory yellow pages . They can also be used to store personal information for organizations. An example of this is the Philippines National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) where NBI clearances now come with

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804-421: A digital apostille is a PDF document with a cryptographic signature containing a QR code for a canonical URL of the original document, allowing users to verify the apostille from a printed version of the document. Different studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of QR codes as a means of conveying labelling information and their use as part of a food traceability system. In a field experiment, it

871-595: A document of testing methods and limit values for potentially harmful chemicals. There are four product classes: STeP (Sustainable Textile and Leather Production) is a worldwide certification system for production facilities in the textile, leather, and clothing industry. It is a 2013 re-branding of the Oeko-Tex Standard 1000 that had been introduced in 1995. Once issued, the STeP certificate is valid for three years. Made in Green

938-506: A few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for the first character; please check alternative capitalizations and consider adding a redirect here to the correct title. If the page has been deleted, check the deletion log , and see Why was the page I created deleted? Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OETI_-_Institut_fuer_Oekologie,_Technik_und_Innovation " QR code A QR code ( quick-response code )

1005-721: A gallery of product information and QR codes is presented to the customer, e.g. on a train station wall. The customers scan the QR codes, and the products are delivered to their homes. This use started in South Korea , and Argentina, but is currently expanding globally. Walmart, Procter & Gamble and Woolworths have already adopted the Virtual Store concept. QR codes can be used to store bank account information or credit card information, or they can be specifically designed to work with particular payment provider applications. There are several trial applications of QR code payments across

1072-473: A single label that contained the data of each label. The quadrangular configuration of the QR code system consolidated the data of the various bar-code labels with Kanji, Kana , and alphanumeric codes printed onto a single label. As of 2024, QR codes are used in a much broader context, including both commercial tracking applications and convenience-oriented applications aimed at mobile phone users (termed mobile tagging). QR codes may be used to display text to

1139-569: A survey found that 18.8 percent of consumers in the United States and the United Kingdom strongly agreed that they had noticed an increase in QR code use since the then-active COVID-19 -related restrictions had begun several months prior. Several standards cover the encoding of data as QR codes: At the application layer , there is some variation between most of the implementations. Japan's NTT DoCoMo has established de facto standards for

1206-472: A web page showing the supply chain for each ingredient, as well as information specific to each related batch, including meat processors and manufacturers, which helps address the concerns they have about the origin of their food. After the COVID-19 pandemic began spreading, QR codes began to be used as a "touchless" system to display information, show menus, or provide updated consumer information, especially in

1273-462: Is x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + 1 {\displaystyle x^{8}+x^{4}+x^{3}+x^{2}+1} , corresponding to the polynomial number 285, with initial root = 0. The Reed–Solomon code uses one of 37 different polynomials over F 256 {\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{256}} , with degrees ranging from 7 to 68, depending on how many error correction bytes

1340-447: Is a label that certifies the testing of textile and leather products for harmful substances and materials, as well as evaluating environmental production and worklplace safety. The Made in Green label replaced the former Oeko-Tex Standard 100plus label in 2015. Product IDs and/or QR codes on the Made in Green label enable consumers to trace the production of the article. The Made in Green label

1407-564: Is a member of the International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling Alliance ( ISEAL Alliance  [ de ] ) and its labels operate in line with several Sustainable Development Goals . The Oeko-Tex Association is headquartered in Zürich ( Switzerland ). The association includes 17 test and research institutes in Europe and Japan, with offices in over 70 countries around

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1474-427: Is a type of two-dimensional matrix barcode , invented in 1994, by Japanese company Denso Wave for labelling automobile parts. It features black squares on a white background with fiducial markers , readable by imaging devices like cameras, and processed using Reed–Solomon error correction until the image can be appropriately interpreted. The required data is then extracted from patterns that are present in both

1541-641: Is common for J1 League and Nippon Professional Baseball tickets in Japan. In some cases, rights can be transferred via the Internet. In Latvia , QR codes can be scanned in Riga public transport to validate Rīgas Satiksme e-tickets. Restaurants can present a QR code near the front door or at the table allowing guests to view an online menu, or even redirect them to an online ordering website or app, allowing them to order and/or possibly pay for their meal without having to use

1608-467: Is loaded onto a phone and includes a process triggered by a QR code scan. The QR codes for loyalty programs tend to be found printed on the receipt for a purchase or on the products themselves. Users in these schemes collect award points by scanning a code. Serialised QR codes have been used by brands and governments to let consumers, retailers and distributors verify the authenticity of the products and help with detecting counterfeit products, as part of

1675-525: Is made at correcting more than 15 errors per block; this limits the complexity of the decoding algorithm. The code blocks are then interleaved together, making it less likely that localized damage to a QR symbol will overwhelm the capacity of any single block. The Version 1 QR symbol with level L error correction, for example, consists of a single error correction block with a total of 26 code bytes (made of 19 message bytes and seven error correction bytes). It can correct up to 2 byte errors. Hence, this code

1742-709: Is valid for one year. Eco Passport is a certification system through which producers of textile and leather processing chemicals and chemical compounds can corroborate that their products are suitable for sustainable textile and leather production. The program features three sequential assessments, and products that pass all three steps are granted the Eco Passport certification. This label allows for those products to be used in Standard 100-certified products and by STeP-certified manufacturing plants. The Eco Passport label can be issued to producers, traders, and resellers of chemicals and

1809-640: Is valid for one year. It works in compliance with several regulations including EU REACH . The Leather Standard (introduced 2017) is a system of testing methods, testing criteria and limit values for harmful substances used by the Oeko-Tex member institutes to globally certify the human-ecological safety of leather products: semi-finished leather materials ("Wet blue" – chrome-tanned hides, " Wet white " – vegetable tanned hides), leather, bonded leather and ready-made leather articles. When certifying leather products contain non-leather (e.g. textile or metallic) components,

1876-953: The Czech Banking Association as the official local solution for QR payments. In 2013, the European Payment Council provided guidelines for the EPC QR code enabling SCT initiation within the Eurozone . In 2017, Singapore created a task force including government agencies such as the Monetary Authority of Singapore and Infocomm Media Development Authority to spearhead a system for e-payments using standardized QR code specifications. These specific dimensions are specialized for Singapore. The e-payment system, Singapore Quick Response Code (SGQR), essentially merges various QR codes into one label that can be used by both parties in

1943-453: The EU ( EU Digital COVID certificate ), where they can be scanned to verify the information on the certificate. Unlike the older, one-dimensional barcodes that were designed to be mechanically scanned by a narrow beam of light, a QR code is detected by a two-dimensional digital image sensor and then digitally analyzed by a programmed processor. The processor locates the three distinctive squares at

2010-461: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " OETI - Institut fuer Oekologie, Technik und Innovation " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait

2077-516: The conversion funnel with little delay or effort, bringing the viewer to the advertiser's website immediately, whereas a longer and more targeted sales pitch may lose the viewer's interest. Although initially used to track parts in vehicle manufacturing, QR codes are used over a much wider range of applications. These include commercial tracking, warehouse stock control, entertainment and transport ticketing, product and loyalty marketing, and in-store product labeling. Examples of marketing include where

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2144-406: The 2018/19 fiscal year, the association awarded more than 21,000 Standard 100 certificates in over 104 countries. This was followed by around 1,333 products that were awarded the Made in Green label. In addition, 140 companies were certified in accordance with STeP . China is the country with the most STeP-certified companies, followed by Bangladesh and Pakistan, and then Turkey, followed by India. In

2211-406: The 2022/23 fiscal year, Oeko-Tex issued more than 43,000 certificates and labels. 21,000 manufacturers, brands and trading companies in more than 100 countries are working with the association and its labels and certifications (as of 2023). The Standard 100 is a product label for textiles tested for harmful substances with the largest prevalence worldwide. A consumer survey from 2012, conducted by

2278-453: The Institut für Handelsforschung GmbH, revealed that Oeko-Tex is one of the world's best-known textile labels. 42% of all respondents in 13 countries, including Germany, China and Russia, were familiar with the label. In Germany, the label had a recognition level of 70%. The Standard 100 product label, introduced in 1992, certifies adherence to the specifications of the standard by the same name,

2345-454: The QR standard. For example, the generator polynomial used for the Version 1 QR code (21×21), when 7 error correction bytes are used, is: The highest power of x {\displaystyle x} in the polynomial (the degree n {\displaystyle n} , of the polynomial) determines the number of error correction bytes. In this case, the degree is 7. When discussing

2412-569: The Reed–Solomon code phase there is some risk for confusion, in that the QR ISO/IEC standard uses the term codeword for the elements of F 256 {\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{256}} , which with respect to the Reed–Solomon code are symbols , whereas it uses the term block for what with respect to the Reed–Solomon code are the codewords. The number of data versus error correction bytes within each block depends on (i)

2479-451: The application that scans the QR code retrieves the geo information by using GPS and cell tower triangulation (aGPS) or the URL encoded in the QR code itself is associated with a location. In 2008, a Japanese stonemason announced plans to engrave QR codes on gravestones, allowing visitors to view information about the deceased, and family members to keep track of visits. Psychologist Richard Wiseman

2546-487: The automobile industry because of faster reading of the optical image and greater data-storage capacity in applications such as product tracking, item identification, time tracking, document management, and general marketing. The QR code system was invented in 1994, at the Denso Wave automotive products company, in Japan. The initial alternating-square design presented by the team of researchers, headed by Masahiro Hara ,

2613-593: The beginning of the 2000s, Oeko-Tex Standard 1000 was scrutinized and social aspects and occupational safety were added. As a result, in 2013, Oeko-Tex launched the STeP (Sustainable Textile Production) certification system for sustainable textile production. In 2015, Oeko-Tex introduced Made in Green to replace the Oeko-Tex Standard 100plus and the Spanish Made in Green by AITEX labels. In 2023, Oeko-Tex launched

2680-462: The centenary of its current building and premises. The coin can be scanned by a smartphone and originally linked to a special website with content about the historical event and design of the coin. In 2014, the Central Bank of Nigeria issued a 100-naira banknote to commemorate its centennial, the first banknote to incorporate a QR code in its design. When scanned with an internet-enabled mobile device,

2747-536: The certification Organic Cotton . The Oeko-Tex Association offers a certification system for companies to review and improve their supply chains. They are developed as a modular system to cover the textile and leather value chain in terms of input, process, and output control as well as supply chain management. The testing system is based on audits of production sites, testing in laboratories as well as evaluation of textile products. Oeko-Tex partners with initiatives such as Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC). It

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2814-422: The code adds. It is implied by the form of Reed–Solomon used ( systematic BCH view ) that these polynomials are all on the form ∏ i = 0 n − 1 ( x − α i ) {\textstyle \prod _{i=0}^{n-1}(x-\alpha ^{i})} . However, the rules for selecting the degree n {\displaystyle n} are specific to

2881-518: The code goes to a website that tells the centenary story of Nigeria. In 2015, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation issued a 100- rubles note to commemorate the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation . It contains a QR code into its design, and when scanned with an internet-enabled mobile device, the code goes to a website that details the historical and technical background of

2948-570: The commemorative note. In 2017, the Bank of Ghana issued a 5- cedis banknote to commemorate 60 years of central banking in Ghana . It contains a QR code in its design which, when scanned with an internet-enabled mobile device, goes to the official Bank of Ghana website. Credit card functionality is under development. In September 2016, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) launched the eponymously named BharatQR ,

3015-450: The corners of the QR code image, using a smaller square (or multiple squares) near the fourth corner to normalize the image for size, orientation, and angle of viewing. The small dots throughout the QR code are then converted to binary numbers and validated with an error-correcting algorithm. The amount of data that can be represented by a QR code symbol depends on the data type ( mode , or input character set), version (1, ..., 40, indicating

3082-489: The elements of which are encoded as bytes of 8 bits ; the byte b 7 b 6 b 5 b 4 b 3 b 2 b 1 b 0 {\displaystyle b_{7}b_{6}b_{5}b_{4}b_{3}b_{2}b_{1}b_{0}} with a standard numerical value ∑ i = 0 7 b i 2 i {\displaystyle \textstyle \sum _{i=0}^{7}b_{i}2^{i}} encodes

3149-412: The encoding of URLs, contact information, and several other data types. The open-source " ZXing " project maintains a list of QR code data types. QR codes have become common in consumer advertising. Typically, a smartphone is used as a QR code scanner, displaying the code and converting it to some useful form (such as a standard URL for a website, thereby obviating the need for a user to type it into

3216-619: The field element ∑ i = 0 7 b i α i {\displaystyle \textstyle \sum _{i=0}^{7}b_{i}\alpha ^{i}} where α ∈ F 256 {\displaystyle \alpha \in \mathbb {F} _{256}} is taken to be a primitive element satisfying α 8 + α 4 + α 3 + α 2 + 1 = 0 {\displaystyle \alpha ^{8}+\alpha ^{4}+\alpha ^{3}+\alpha ^{2}+1=0} . The primitive polynomial

3283-404: The following years. In 2016, the association reached its current membership count of 17. In the first year of operation, Oeko-Tex launched Oeko-Tex Standard 100 , which emerged from an earlier label developed by OETI in 1989. In 1995, Oeko-Tex Standard 1000 was launched, which included sustainability aspects, followed by Oeko-Tex Standard 100plus , which also examined production processes. At

3350-408: The horizontal and the vertical components of the QR image. Whereas a barcode is a machine-readable optical image that contains information specific to the labeled item, the QR code contains the data for a locator, an identifier, and web-tracking. To store data efficiently, QR codes use four standardized modes of encoding: Compared to standard UPC barcodes , the QR labeling system was applied beyond

3417-452: The hospitality industry. Restaurants replaced paper or laminated plastic menus with QR code decals on the table, which opened an online version of the menu. This prevented the need to dispose of single-use paper menus, or institute cleaning and sanitizing procedures for permanent menus after each use. Local television stations have also begun to utilize codes on local newscasts to allow viewers quicker access to stories or information involving

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3484-403: The image of the QR code. This makes the QR code more secure against counterfeiting attempts; products that display a code which is counterfeit, although valid as a QR code, can be detected by scanning the secure QR code with the appropriate app. The treaty regulating apostilles (documents bearing a seal of authenticity), has been updated to allow the issuance of digital apostilles by countries;

3551-434: The installation and use of third-party apps, both Android and iOS (since iOS 11 ) devices can now natively scan QR codes, without requiring an external app to be used. The camera app can scan and display the kind of QR code along with the link. These devices support URL redirection , which allows QR codes to send metadata to existing applications on the device. QR codes have been used to establish "virtual stores", where

3618-445: The label, Oeko-Tex developed a method that can test quantitatively for genetically modified organisms. For verification of organic origin, Oeko-Tex’s GMO quantification method differentiates between contamination and purposeful mixing of conventional cotton. The certification works in compliance with several regulations including EU REACH Annex XIV and XVII, US CPSIA (lead) and EU POP regulation. The Oeko-Tex standards are modeled after

3685-493: The need for social distancing during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic prompted reduced contact between service staff and customers. By specifying the SSID, encryption type, password/passphrase, and if the SSID is hidden or not, mobile device users can quickly scan and join networks without having to manually enter the data. A MeCard -like format is supported by Android and iOS 11+. A QR code can link to an obituary and can be placed on

3752-1387: The organic cotton standards by IFOAM – Organics International . The following institutes belong to the International Association for Research and Testing in the Field of Textile Ecology ( Oeko-Tex ): OETI - Institut fuer Oekologie, Technik und Innovation Look for OETI - Institut fuer Oekologie, Technik und Innovation on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for OETI - Institut fuer Oekologie, Technik und Innovation in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use

3819-426: The overall dimensions of the symbol, i.e. 4 × version number + 17 dots on each side), and error correction level. The maximum storage capacities occur for version 40 and error correction level L (low), denoted by 40-L: Here are some samples of QR codes: QR codes use Reed–Solomon error correction over the finite field F 256 {\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{256}} or GF(2 ) ,

3886-538: The pandemic, including testing and immunization scheduling websites, or for links within stories mentioned in the newscasts overall. In Australia , patrons were required to scan QR codes at shops, clubs, supermarkets, and other service and retail establishments on entry to assist contact tracing . Singapore, Taiwan , the United Kingdom, and New Zealand used similar systems. QR codes are also present on COVID-19 vaccination certificates in places such as Canada and

3953-418: The payment system. This allows for various banking apps to facilitate payments between multiple customers and a merchant that displays a single QR code. The SGQR scheme is co-owned by MAS and IMDA. A single SDQR label contains e-payments and combines multiple payment options. People making purchases can scan the code and see which payment options the merchant accepts. QR codes can be used to log into websites:

4020-656: The requirements of the Leather Standard are combined with those of the Standard 100. Certification according to the Leather Standard is valid for one year. The Leather Standard defines the same four product classes as the Standard 100. Both also employ very similar catalogues of limit values for potentially harmful chemicals. Fashion and textile products with the Organic Cotton label are made with organic cotton, grown without GMOs (genetically modified organisms) or pesticides, and were tested for other harmful substances. For

4087-493: The user, to open a webpage on the user's device, to add a vCard contact to the user's device, to open a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), to connect to a wireless network, or to compose an email or text message. There are a great many QR code generators available as software or as online tools that are either free or require a paid subscription. The QR code has become one of the most-used types of two-dimensional code. During June 2011, 14 million American mobile users scanned

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4154-400: The version (side length) of the QR symbol and (ii) the error correction level, of which there are four. The higher the error correction level, the less storage capacity. The following table lists the approximate error correction capability at each of the four levels: In larger QR symbols, the message is broken up into several Reed–Solomon code blocks. The block size is chosen so that no attempt

4221-440: The world (as of 2023). Oeko-Tex awards: Most Oeko-Tex certification is conducted through the Standard 100 label. Within this standard, most articles tested are articles worn close to the skin in product class II (53% of all certificates), followed by baby articles in product class I (43%) as well as furnishing materials (3%, product class IV) and textiles without direct contact with the skin (1%, product class III) (as of 2011). In

4288-631: The world. In developing countries including China, India QR code payment is a very popular and convenient method of making payments. Since Alipay designed a QR code payment method in 2011, mobile payment has been quickly adopted in China. As of 2018, around 83% of all payments were made via mobile payment. In November 2012, QR code payments were deployed on a larger scale in the Czech Republic when an open format for payment information exchange – a Short Payment Descriptor  – was introduced and endorsed by

4355-479: Was found that when provided free access to a smartphone with a QR code scanning app, 52.6% of participants would use it to access labelling information. A study made in South Korea showed that consumers appreciate QR code used in food traceability system, as they provide detailed information about food, as well as information that helps them in their purchasing decision. If QR codes are serialised, consumers can access

4422-473: Was influenced by the black counters and the white counters played on a Go board ; the pattern of the position detection markers was determined by finding the least-used sequence of alternating black-white areas on printed matter, which was found to be (1:1:3:1:1). The functional purpose of the QR code system was to facilitate keeping track of the types and numbers of automobile parts, by replacing individually-scanned bar-code labels on each box of auto parts with

4489-474: Was one of the first authors to include QR codes in a book, in Paranormality: Why We See What Isn't There (2011). Microsoft Office and LibreOffice have a functionality to insert QR code into documents. QR codes have been incorporated into currency. In June 2011, The Royal Dutch Mint ( Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt ) issued the world's first official coin with a QR code to celebrate

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