Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego ( Polish pronunciation: [ˈɔbuz zjɛdnɔˈtʂɛɲa narɔdɔˈvɛɡɔ] , English: Camp of National Unity ; abbreviated " OZN "; and often called " Ozon " (Polish for " ozone ")) was a Polish political party founded in 1937 by sections of the leadership in the Sanation movement.
7-509: A year after the 1935 death of Poland's Chief of State Marshal Józef Piłsudski , in mid-1936, one of his followers, Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły , attempted to unite the various government factions under his leadership. The attempt failed as another (opposing) Sanacja politician, President Ignacy Mościcki , likewise had a large following; nevertheless, substantial numbers of people did throw their lot in with Rydz-Śmigły. On February 21, 1937, diplomat and Colonel Adam Koc formally announced
14-459: Is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators, major is one rank above captain in armies and air forces, and one rank below lieutenant colonel . It is considered the most junior of the senior officer ranks. Etymologically, the word stems from the Latin word major meaning "greater". The rank can be traced back to
21-1380: Is bestowed only on military commanders who have achieved victory in war. Recently, however, the rank of four-star with the modernised name Generał has been introduced, and on August 15, 2002, was granted to Czesław Piątas , at present civilian, former Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces . In all, the following people have served as Marshals of Poland . Józef Piłsudski Ferdinand Foch Edward Rydz-Śmigły Michał Rola-Żymierski Konstanty Rokossowski Marian Spychalski Army Navy Air Force Historical [REDACTED] [REDACTED] por. / ppor. por.mar. / ppor.mar. por. / ppor. [REDACTED] kpt. kpt.mar. kpt. rtm. [REDACTED] mjr kmdr ppor. mjr [REDACTED] ppłk kmdr por. ppłk [REDACTED] płk kmdr płk [REDACTED] gen.bryg. kadm. gen.bryg. [REDACTED] gen.dyw. wadm. gen.dyw. [REDACTED] gen.broni adm.fl. gen.broni [REDACTED] gen. adm. gen. gen.armii [REDACTED] marsz. Major (rank) Major
28-489: The 1938 Legislative election. OZN' s first official leader was Adam Koc , and its second was General Stanisław Skwarczyński . After the 1939 German invasion of Poland and the start of World War II , OZN leadership passed to Colonel Zygmunt Wenda . In 1937, OZN claimed some 40,000–50,000 members; in 1938, 100,000. During World War II and the German occupation of Poland, OZN' s underground military arm, created in 1942,
35-544: The formation of OZN . Its stated aims were to improve Poland's national defense and to safeguard the April 1935 Constitution . OZN was strongly pro- military , and its politicians sought to portray Marshal Rydz-Śmigły as Marshal Józef Piłsudski's heir, describing Rydz-Śmigły as the "second person in the country" after President Mościcki—a claim that had no foundation in the Polish Constitution. The party later went on to win
42-430: The rank of sergeant major general , which was shortened to sergeant major , and subsequently shortened to major . When used in hyphenated or combined fashion, the term can also imply seniority at other levels of rank, including major general , denoting a low-level general officer, and sergeant major , denoting the most senior non-commissioned officer (NCO) of a military unit. The term major can also be used with
49-513: Was known as Obóz Polski Walczącej (the Camp of Fighting Poland). Marshal of Poland Marshal of Poland ( Polish : Marszałek Polski ) is the highest rank in the Polish Army . It has been granted to only six officers. At present, Marshal is equivalent to a field marshal or general of the army (OF-10) in other NATO armies. Today there are no living Marshals of Poland, since this rank
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