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32-663: With its headquarters in Lincoln, Nebraska, OCIA has regional and chapter offices in Canada, Mexico, Nicaragua, Japan, Guatemala, Peru and the U.S. OCIA was founded in 1985 (incorporated in Pennsylvania 1988) near Sherbrooke , Quebec, by a group of farmers, modeled on the "crop improvement associations" that came out of the Dust Bowl era. These associations started as informal meetings where farmers could discuss and ask advice about their land. In

64-596: A first language, while those whose mother tongue was English accounted for 3.9%. The next most common first languages were Spanish (2%), Arabic (1.3%) and Dari (0.7%) As of 2021, approximately 88.7% of Sherbrooke residents were white, while 9.6% were visible minorities and 1.7% were Indigenous . The largest visible minority groups in Sherbrooke were black (3.1%), Latin American (2%), Arab (1.7%), and West Asian (1%). The Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) comprises

96-544: A group of Peruvian farmers joined the organization in 1988. Expansion throughout Latin America continued, and now OCIA has members across the world. OCIA grew the organic industry as new organic certification companies split off since its founding, including Global Organic Alliance, OneCert, TransCanada Organic Certification Services, and Quality Assurance International. OCIA was suspended from operating in China in 2010 for one year by

128-681: A junior hockey team playing in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League . The Sherbrooke Canadiens competed in the American Hockey League from 1984 to 1990. Sherbrooke is the seat of the judicial district of Saint-François. Local governance is provided by the Sherbrooke City Council . The mayor is Évelyne Beaudin. Under the 2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec , Sherbrooke merged with most of

160-654: A local biochemical factory suffered an explosion, which killed 2, and injured 19, some severely. A large toxic cloud enveloped part of the city, raising health concerns. Located at the confluence of the Saint-François (St. Francis) and Magog rivers in the heart of the Eastern Townships and the Estrie administrative region. Sherbrooke is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec , coextensive with

192-406: Is 10.32 students per 100 inhabitants, giving Sherbrooke the largest concentration of students in Quebec. Sherbrooke rose as a manufacturing centre in the 1800s, and today the service sector is prominent. The Sherbrooke region is surrounded by mountains, rivers, and lakes. There are several ski hills nearby and various tourist attractions in regional flavour. Mont-Bellevue Park , a large park in

224-594: Is at the confluence of the Saint-François and Magog rivers in the heart of the Estrie administrative region. Sherbrooke is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec , coextensive with the city of Sherbrooke. With 172,950 residents at the Canada 2021 Census , it is the sixth largest city in the province and the 30th largest in Canada. The Sherbrooke Census Metropolitan Area had 227,398 inhabitants, making it

256-466: Is large, averaging at 287 centimetres (113 in), sometimes falling in May and October. Precipitation is not sparse any time of the year, but is the greatest in summer and fall and at its least from January to April, totalling 1,100 millimetres (43.3 in) annually. The highest temperature ever recorded in Sherbrooke was 36.7 °C (98 °F) on 1 & 2 July 1931. The coldest temperature ever recorded

288-685: Is represented by Guy Hardy of the PLQ and Richmond is represented by Karine Vallières of the PLQ. In 2007, the crime rate was 5,491 per 100,000. Sherbrooke does not host any units from the Regular Force with the exception of a recruiting centre, but four Primary Reserve units are stationed in the city: A Canadian military artifact is preserved at the William Street Armoury: the Sherman tank "Bomb" . The tank helped liberate Europe fighting with

320-608: The Centre des arts de la scène Jean-Besré (CASJB), built by the city with the support of the Ministry of Culture and Communications , has assisted in the creation and production of material for the region's artistic community. It serves as the location for training theatre, music, and dance professionals. It contains three rehearsal studios, a production room, a decoration workshop, and a costume workshop, as well as administrative offices for each of its resident companies. The Sherbrooke Expos of

352-509: The Ligue de Baseball Majeur du Québec , an amateur baseball league, play their home games at Amedée Roy Stadium . The city also hosted some games of the 2002 World Junior Baseball Championship , and the 2013 Canada Games . Historically, several professional teams based in Sherbrooke competed in Minor League Baseball or in independent baseball leagues : The Sherbrooke Phoenix is

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384-645: The Sherbrooke Fusilier Regiment and is the only Canadian tank to have landed on the Normandy beach on D-Day ; it fought through to VE Day without being knocked out. Transdev Limocar provides bus service to Montreal via Granby and Magog . Formerly, Autobus Jordez linked Sherbrooke to Drummondville and Trois-Rivières , and also to Victoriaville and Quebec City , but since the company lost their licence to operate heavy vehicles, they have sold their licence to Autobus La Québécoise, who now provide

416-411: The 1950s, some the steel and textile industries declined, giving way to government services and education. As part of the 2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec , the city grew considerably on 1 January 2002, when it absorbed Ascot, Bromptonville, Deauville, Fleurimont, Lennoxville , Rock Forest, and Saint-Élie-d'Orford. Part of Stoke was also annexed to the newly expanded Sherbrooke. In 2012,

448-413: The 1970s as the organic movement developed, "organic" crop improvement associations were formed. OCIA mandated that farmers would hold farmers to one of the first international organic standards in 1985. An international organization, OCIA continues to have a local approach with the organization largely being made up of local "chapters." The organization had members primarily in Canada and the U.S. until

480-506: The Chinese agency went out to farms and factories. Their findings were translated into English and sent to OCIA headquarters in Nebraska, where staff members reviewed the material and made the final decisions on certification. Sherbrooke Sherbrooke ( / ˈ ʃ ɜːr b r ʊ k / SHUR -bruuk , Quebec French : [ʃɛʁˈbʁʊk] ) is a city in southern Quebec , Canada. It

512-667: The USDA after it reportedly used employees of a Chinese government agency to inspect state-controlled farms and food processing facilities, which constituted a conflict of interest. In China, OCIA had joined forces with the Organic Food Development Corporation, an agency affiliated with the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection. The association kept a small staff — one or three people in Nanjing — while inspectors from

544-474: The area. It prioritized speculation over immigration. In 1852 a railway linked Montreal and Portland, Maine via Sherbrooke. By the 1890s, there were rail connections to Boston , Halifax , and New York City . Immigration from the rest of Quebec began in 1850, and by 1871 francophones were in the majority. By the turn of the 20th century, Sherbrooke was a thriving industrial city, with manufacturing benefiting from locally-produced hydroelectricity . From

576-583: The average population is 7,200 inhabitants. Sherbrooke is split into the federal electoral districts of Sherbrooke , represented by Élisabeth Brière of the Liberal party of Canada and Compton—Stanstead , represented by Marie-Claude Bibeau of the Liberals . Provincially, Sherbrooke is divided into three electoral districts. Sherbrooke is represented by Christine Labrie of the Québec solidaire (QS), Saint-François

608-460: The cities of Sherbrooke, Magog and Waterville , the municipalities of Ascot Corner , Compton , Saint-Denis-de-Brompton , Stoke and Val-Joli ; the township municipalities of Hatley and Orford ; and the village municipality of North Hatley . The population in 2021 was 227,398. The median age was 43. Approximately 90.5% of the greater Sherbrooke area residents were white, while 7.7% were visible minorities and 1.8% were Aboriginal . French

640-622: The city of Sherbrooke. Its geographical code is 43. Sherbrooke has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ), with long, cold, and snowy winters, warm summers, and short but crisp springs and autumns. Highs range from −5.8 °C (21.6 °F) in January to 24.6 °C (76.3 °F) in July. In an average year, there are 34 nights at or colder than −20 °C (−4 °F), and 6.5 nights at or colder than −30 °C (−22 °F); 4.1 days will see highs reaching 30 °C (86 °F). Annual snowfall

672-432: The city, is used for downhill skiing . The city was named in 1818 for John Coape Sherbrooke , a former Governor General of Canada . First Nations settled the region between 8,000 and 3,000 years ago. The Abenaki called it Ktinékétolékouac / Kchi Nikitawtegwak ('the large forks'), or Shacewanteku (where one smokes). The first non-native settler was the farmer Jean-Baptiste Nolain, in 1779. The area

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704-562: The fourth largest metropolitan area in Quebec and 19th in Canada. Sherbrooke is the primary economic, political, cultural, and institutional centre of Estrie, and was known as the Queen of the Eastern Townships at the beginning of the 20th century. There are eight institutions educating 40,000 students and employing 11,000 people, 3,700 of whom are professors, teachers and researchers. The direct economic effect of these institutions exceeds one billion dollars . The proportion of university students

736-535: The nearby city of Cookshire-Eaton . Sherbrooke Airport no longer offers scheduled passenger services as of March 2010. According to data from the Institut de la statistique du Québec , average personal income per capita in the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) of Sherbrooke amounted to CA$ 30,976 in 2010. Estrie's GDP for the same year was $ 9.59 billion. The hockey equipment manufacturer Sherwood

768-525: The population each while buddhist made 0.2%. Sherbrooke, which is the economic centre of Estrie , is a significant cultural, industrial, and academic hub in the province. The city is directly served by two railways: the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad and the Canadian Pacific Railway . Sherbrooke is also served by four highways as well as the regional airport named Sherbrooke Airport but located in

800-415: The service. Société de transport de Sherbrooke (STS) provides bus service within the city. It operates 18 bus routes, 10 minibus routes, 7 express routes, 3 taxibus routes, and 3 microbus routes. Gilbert Hyatt For the American engineer who received a microprocessor patent, see: Microprocessor#Gilbert Hyatt (1970) Gilbert Hyatt ( c. 1761 – 17 September 1823) was instrumental in founding

832-664: The suburban municipalities in the surrounding area: Rock Forest, Saint-Élie-d'Orford, Deauville, Fleurimont, Bromptonville, Ascot, and Lennoxville. This resulted in the creation of six Boroughs of Sherbrooke : Brompton , Fleurimont , Lennoxville , Mont-Bellevue , Rock Forest–Saint-Élie–Deauville , and Jacques-Cartier . Each of the boroughs is subdivided into electoral districts , with the number varying based on population. For example, there are only two districts in Brompton, which only has 6,314 inhabitants, whereas Fleurimont (pop. 40,824) has five. Sherbrooke has 21 districts total, for which

864-925: The summer season, several festivals, concerts, and events are held in the city, such as the Fête du Lac des Nations , Sherblues & Folk , and the Festival des traditions du monde . Come winter, the city hosts the Carnaval de Sherbrooke . The city has British architectural heritage , as seen in the buildings in Vieux-Nord . Sherbrooke has the fourth largest theatre in Quebec, the Maurice O'Bready University Cultural Centre of Sherbrooke (Salle Maurice-O’bready du centre culturel de l’Université de Sherbrooke). Music, theatre, and dance shows are staged there. The Centennial Theatre of Bishop's University also hosts music and dance concerts from around

896-553: The world. The Vieux Clocher, owned by the Université de Sherbrooke , has two stages, the primary being used by various music groups and comedians from around the province. The Théâtre Granada , designated as a historical site by the Canadian government, holds music concerts. It has retained its original architecture since its opening. The Petit Théâtre de Sherbrooke , located downtown, presents musicals and plays for children. Since 2007,

928-473: Was mother tongue to 87.3% of residents. The next most common mother tongues were English (4.5%), Spanish (1.6%), Arabic (1.0%) Dari (0.5%), Mandarin (0.2%), Portuguese (0.2%) and Serbian (0.2%). About 55.7% of the population identified as Catholic in 2021 while 32.2% said they had no religious affiliation, 2.9% were Muslim , 0.5% Anglican , 0.5% Eastern Orthodox , 0.4% Jehovah's Witness and 0.4% Baptist . United Church and Pentecostals made up 0.3% of

960-574: Was first surveyed in 1792. Americans from Vermont built mills in the area in 1802. Gilbert Hyatt led a group of loyalists , who settled around 1803. He dammed the Magog River and a gristmill and a sawmill were soon built nearby. The settlement was then known as Hyatt's Mills. The first immigrants from England arrived in 1815. The British American Land Company was formed in 1832 to acquire and develop almost 1,100,000 acres (1,719 sq mi; 4,452 km ) of Crown land and other lands in

992-787: Was founded in Sherbrooke in 1949. The city is also home to the hockey puck manufacturer Inglasco . As of 2010, the largest employers in Sherbrooke are Université de Sherbrooke (6,000 employees), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (5,511), Commission scolaire de la Région-de-Sherbrooke (3,050), Centre de santé et de services sociaux – Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Sherbrooke (2,650), City of Sherbrooke (1,913), Desjardins Group (1,713), Cégep de Sherbrooke (800), Centre Jeunesse de l'Estrie (527), Nordia Inc. (500), Canada Post (497), Kruger Inc. - Publication papers business unit (455), Bishop's University (450) and McDonald's (400). These include enterprises operating in Sherbrooke only and having 400 or more employees. In

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1024-522: Was −41.2 °C (−42.2 °F) on 15 January 2004. The city includes several neighbourhoods: In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Sherbrooke had a population of 172,950 living in 80,476 of its 86,019 total private dwellings, a change of 7.2% from its 2016 population of 161,323 . With a land area of 353.4 km (136.4 sq mi), it had a population density of 489.4/km (1,267.5/sq mi) in 2021. As of 2021, 86.4% of Sherbrooke residents spoke French as

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