Misplaced Pages

#89910

55-684: (Redirected from O-21 ) O21 may refer to: O21 (film) , a 2014 Pakistani action thriller film Hoopa Airport in Humboldt County, California, United States O 21 -class submarine , of the Royal Netherlands Navy HNLMS ; O 21 , a submarine of this class O21 scale , a model railway scale Otoyol 21 , a motorway in Turkey Oxygen-21 , an isotope of oxygen Thomas-Morse O-21 , an observation aircraft of

110-461: A Baloch woman consists of a long frock and trouser ( shalwaar ) with a headscarf. Zahirok is one of the most important and well-known balochi song genres, often described as the “Balochi classical music” by the Baloch themselves. Instruments in traditional Balochi music include suroz , donali , ghaychak , dohol , sorna , rubab , kemenche , tamburag and benju . Historically, there

165-521: A composition that remained an established feature of the Baloch tribes until recently. The Khanate of Kalat was the first unified polity to emerge in the history of Balochistan . It took birth from the confederacy of nomadic Brahui tribes native to the central Balochistan in 1666 which under Mir Ahmad Khan I declared independence from the Mughal suzeraignty and slowly absorbed the Baloch principalities in

220-450: A more structured way. The structural solution to this problem was to create tribal confederacies or unions. Thus, in conditions of insecurity and disorder or when threatened by a predatory regional authority or a hostile central government, several tribal communities would form a cluster around a chief who had demonstrated his ability to offer protection and security. The British took over the non-Persian section of Balochistan in 1839. In

275-622: A new ongoing low-intensity insurgency beginning in 2003. Historically, drivers of the conflict are reported to include "tribal divisions", the Baloch-Pashtun ethnic divisions, "marginalization by Punjabi interests", and "economic oppression". However, over the years, insurgency waged by separatist militants declined as result of crackdown by Pakistani security forces, infighting among the separatist militants and assassinations of Baloch politicians willing to take part in Pakistan's democratic process by

330-534: A puppet Khan. The Mari tribe rose in revolt and the British retaliated in force. A British contingent under the command of Major Brown on May 11, 1840, attacked the Mari headquarter of Kahan and occupied Kahan Fort and the surrounding areas (Masson, 1974). The Mari forces withdrew from the area, regrouped, and in an ambush wiped out a whole convoy of British troops near Filiji, killing more than one hundred British troops. During

385-402: Is 6th biggest of 2014 after Kick , Na Maloom Afraad , Bang Bang! , Khoobsurat , and Jai Ho . After low weekdays of week one, movie dipped further in week two and collected mere Rs.  12.9 million (US$ 45,000) taking grand total to Rs.  61 million (US$ 210,000). On 7 October (second day of film release) a story was reported that O21 got booed off the screens from two of

440-418: Is a masterpiece that can easily be put right there with any spy-thriller in the world." Zia Shahid of Sabz Irtiqa rated it 8 out of 10 and wrote "Jami’s direction can be explained in just one word “Stunning”, people who knows Jami for his previous work and have seen his music videos knew that O21 won't be a straightforward film, Jami have certainly made the audience to put their thinking cap on while watching

495-746: Is based on a screenplay by Summer Nicks . Zeba Bakhtiar is the film's executive producer and the lead roles are played by Aamina Sheikh , winner of the best actress prize at the New York International Film Festival, the renowned actor Shaan Shahid who has received accolades through countless Pakistani blockbusters, most recently Waar . O21 is the 576th feature film of Shaan's career. Abdullah ( Ayub Khoso ), after 30 years of war in Afghanistan , wants to save his country from another 50 years of corporate warfare . He works with his Pakistani ally Kashif Siddiqui ( Shaan Shahid ) to save

550-431: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages O21 (film) O21 (or Operation 21 formerly The Extortionist ) is a 2014 Pakistani spy thriller film , directed by Jami , and Summer Nicks and produced by Zeba Bakhtiar and her son Azaan Sami Khan. It is the first spy action thriller movie from Pakistan. The film, produced by One Motion Pictures,

605-497: Is healthy occupancy." Further added "This isn’t the first time it has happened, and Distribution Club has been doing it for long. They did the same with Ishq Khuda , with Sultanat and now O21." On 13 October 2014 film's production team gathered at the Karachi Press Club to address the "injustice" meted out to them by cinema owners of Bambino, Capri and Dreamland for taking down O21 after 25 minutes of screening. On

SECTION 10

#1732883385090

660-690: Is in Pakistan, whose largest province (in land area) is Balochistan . An estimated 6.9 million of Pakistan's population is Baloch. In Iran there are about two million ethnic Baloch and a majority of the population of the eastern Sistan and Baluchestan Province is of Baloch ethnicity. The Afghan portion of Balochistan includes the Chahar Burjak District of Nimruz Province , and the Registan Desert in southern Helmand and Kandahar provinces. The governors of Nimruz province in Afghanistan belong to

715-455: Is no documented evidence of religious practices of the Baloch in ancient times. Many among the Baloch writers observed that the persecutions of the Baloch by the Sassanid emperors Shapur II and Khosrow II had a strong religious or sectarian element. They believed that there are strong indications that the Baloch were the followers of Mazdakian and Manichean sects of Zoroastrianism religion at

770-543: Is poised to be a game changer that challenges the palate and forges its own identity from a fragmented landscape. It’s a start." O21 made Rs.  5.9 million (US$ 20,000) on its first day of release. At the end of Eid Week (Monday-Sunday) film collected huge Rs.  41.5 million (US$ 140,000) from all over Pakistan. But from next Monday onwards numbers started falling heavily which resulted in mere Rs.  7 million (US$ 24,000) over Weekdays taking Extended Week One of 11 Days to Rs.  48.5 million (US$ 170,000) which

825-464: Is the best film ever produced in Pakistan in terms of brains and execution and it is a must watch if you are a spy thriller geek." Zeeshan Ahmed of The Express Tribune rated the film 3.5 out of 5 and gave a verdict "It’s a dense film, one you wouldn’t want to watch again. But do watch it once to embrace the fact that even a Pakistani film can opt for a slow and steady approach towards storytelling." Afra Jamal of Daily Times wrote "Operation O21

880-460: The 2021 Balochistan earthquake . There were other major earthquakes in 2013 ( 2013 Balochistan earthquake and 2013 Saravan earthquake ). The cultural values which are the pillars of the Baloch individual and national identity were firmly established during the twelfth and sixteenth centuries, a period which not only brought sufferings for the Baloch and forced them into en masse migrations but also brought fundamental sociocultural transformation of

935-647: The Ghaznavids , then the Ghorids . The relation between the Ghaznavids and the Baloch had never been peaceful. Turan and Makuran came under the Ghaznavids founder Sebuktegin 's suzerainty as early as 976-977 CE (Bosworth, 1963). The Baloch tribes fought against Sebuktegin when he attacked Khuzdar in 994. The Baloch were in the army of Saffarids Amir Khalaf and fought against Mahmud when the Ghaznavids forces invaded Sistan in 1013 (Muir, 1924). Many other occasions were mentioned by

990-530: The Gulf of Oman . The name "Balochistan" is generally believed to derive from the name of the Baloch people . Since the Baloch people are not mentioned in pre-Islamic sources, it is likely that the Baloch were known by some other name in their place of origin and that they acquired the name "Baloch" only after arriving in Balochistan sometime in the 10th century. Johan Hansman relates the term "Baloch" to Meluḫḫa ,

1045-591: The 1870s, Baluchistan came under control of the British Indian Empire in colonial India . The fundamental objective of the British to enter into a treaty agreement with the Khanate of Kalat was to provide a passage and supplies to the "Army of Indus" on its way to Kandahar through Shikarpur, Jacobabad (Khangadh), Dhadar, Bolan Pass, Quetta, and Khojak Pass. It is interesting to note that the British imperialist interests in Balochistan were not primarily economic as

1100-455: The 9th century and further to balōč in later times. This reasoning remains speculative. The earliest evidence of human occupation in what is now Balochistan is dated to the Paleolithic era. Evidence includes hunting camps, lithic scatter , and chipped and flaked stone tools. The earliest settled villages in the region date to the ceramic Neolithic ( c.  7000 –6000 BCE) and included

1155-665: The Afghan Border. O21 was primarily filmed on Red Epic Cameras with Cooke s4/i lenses however the ARRI Alexa XR was used in certain scenes as well. It was also the first Pakistani film to be mixed in Dolby Atmos . The score was released on 6 October 2014, and the soundtrack The Kidnapping was released in September. The film score contains three tracks composed and conducted by producer Alfonso González Aguilar. The first look teaser

SECTION 20

#1732883385090

1210-467: The Baloch ethnic group. President Pervez Musharraf and the military are responsible for the worsening of the conflict in Balochistan. The Balochistan region has also experienced a number of insurgencies with separatist militants demanding independence of Baloch regions in the three countries to form "Greater Balochistan". In Pakistan, insurgencies by separatist militants in Balochistan province have been fought in 1948, 1958–59, 1962–63 and 1973–1977, with

1265-517: The Baloch society. An overlapping of pastoral ecology and tribal structure had shaped contemporary Baloch social values. The pastoralist nomadic way of life and the inclination to resist the assimilation attempts of various powerful ethnic identities shaped the peculiar Baloch ethnic identity. It was the persecution by strong and organized religions for the last two thousand years that has shaped their secular attitude about religion in social or community affairs. Their independent and stubborn behavior as

1320-508: The Baloch tribes from Kerman to further east. The Hindu Sewa Dynasty ruled parts of Balochistan, chiefly Kalat . The Sibi Division , which was carved out of Quetta Division and Kalat Division in 1974, derives its name from Rani Sewi, the queen of the Sewa dynasty. The region was fully Islamized by the 9th century and became part of the territory of the Saffarids of Zaranj , followed by

1375-496: The Baloch were traveling through settled territories, and it could not have been possible to survive simply as wandering nomads. Perpetual migrations, hostile attitudes of other tribes and rulers, and adverse climactic conditions ruined much of their cattle breeding. Settled agriculture became a necessity for the survival of herds and an increased population. They began to combine settled agriculture with animal husbandry. The Baloch tribes now consisted of sedentary and nomadic population,

1430-718: The Great encountered the Pareitakai in Bactria and Sogdiana , and had them conquered by Craterus (Anabasis Alexandrou IV). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century CE) describes the territory of the Paradon beyond the Ommanitic region, on the coast of modern Balochistan. During the reign of Arab dynasties, medieval Iran suffered the onslaught of Ghaznavids , Mongols , Timurids , and

1485-696: The Pakistani province of Balochistan , the Iranian province of Sistan and Baluchestan , and the southern areas of Afghanistan, which include Nimruz , Helmand and Kandahar provinces. It borders the Pashtunistan region to the north, Sindh and Punjab to the east, and Persian regions to the west. Its southern coastline, including the Makran Coast , is washed by the Arabian Sea, in particular by its western part,

1540-693: The United States Army Air Corps See also [ edit ] 021 (disambiguation) , with a zero in place of the letter O [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O21&oldid=1115537700 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1595-499: The bust of the ruler (with long hair in a headband) on the obverse, and a swastika within a circular legend on the reverse, written in Brahmi (usually silver coins) or Kharoshthi (copper coins). These coins are mainly found in Loralai in today's western Pakistan. During the wars between Alexander the Great (356-323 BCE) and Emperor Darius III (336-330 BCE), the Baloch were allied with

1650-492: The capital of Makran, Bannajbur , wrote c. 985 CE that it was populated by people called Balūṣī (Baluchi), leading Hansman to postulate "Baluch" as a modification of Meluḫḫa and Baluḫḫu . Asko Parpola relates the name Meluḫḫa to Indo-Aryan words mleccha ( Sanskrit ) and milakkha/milakkhu ( Pali ) etc., which do not have an Indo-European etymology even though they were used to refer to non-Aryan people. Taking them to be proto-Dravidian in origin, he interprets

1705-620: The cultural values, which distinguish a Baloch from others. The Baloch dress and personal upkeeping very much resemble the Median and Parthian ways. Surprisingly, no significant changes can be observed in the Balochi dress since the ancient times. A typical Balochi outfit consisted of loose-fitting and many-folded trousers held by garters, bobbed hair, shirt ( qamis ), and a head turban. Generally, both hair and beard were carefully curled, but, sometimes, they depended on long straight locks. A typical dress of

O21 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1760-519: The dark and intense stories in the shadows." Aayan Mirza of Galaxy Lollywood rated it 4 out of 5 and wrote "O21 is the most intelligent Pakistani cinema has ever been. It won’t spoon feed you everything, you have to make deliberate efforts to remain attentive, conscious and seriously into the film. You can’t miss to watch even an inch of the screen. O21 is absolutely not a propaganda film, but instead presents an intelligent case. It might compel you enough to Google certain things when you get back home. It

1815-494: The distinctive feature of the Baloch identity is consistent with their nomadic or agro-pastoral past. Med o Maraka, for resolution of disputes among the Baloch, is a much-honored tradition. In a broader context, it is, in a way, accepting the guilt by the accused or offender and asking for forgiveness from the affected party. Usually, the offender himself does this by going to the home of the affected person and asking for forgiveness. Dress code and personal upkeeping are among

1870-741: The expansive settlements of the Indus river basin to the east. From the 1st century to the 3rd century CE, the region was ruled by the Pāratarājas (lit. "Pārata Kings"), a dynasty of Indo-Parthian kings. The dynasty of the Pāratas is thought to be identical with the Pāradas of the Mahabharata , the Puranas and other Vedic and Iranian sources. The Parata kings are primarily known through their coins, which typically exhibit

1925-425: The film is Pakistani or not, they are merely concerned with their business, so what they do is that the moment they suspect that their Pakistani release might not be as successful on a particular cinema as they had previously thought it to be, they would reach out to the management of that cinema and will have it replaced there completely with one of their own Indian films. To them, it is no money lost, and to cinemas it

1980-529: The historians of the Ghaznavids era in which the Baloch came into confrontation with the Ghaznavids forces (Nizam al-Mulk, 1960). There are only passing references of Baloch encounters with the Mongol hordes. In one of the classical Balochi ballads, there is mention of a Baloch chieftain, Shah Baloch , who, no doubt, heroically resisted a Mongol advance somewhere in Sistan. During the long period of en masse migrations,

2035-453: The incursions of Guzz Turks . The relationship between the Baloch and nearly all these powers were hostile, and the Baloch suffered enormously during this long period. The Baloch encounters with these powers and the subsequent Baloch miseries forced the Baloch tribes to move from the areas of conflicts and to settle in the farflung and inaccessible regions. The bloody conflicts with Buyids and Seljuqs were instrumental in waves of migration by

2090-516: The last Achaemenid emperor. According to Shustheri (1925), Darius III, after much hesitation, assembled an army at Arbela to counter the army of invading Greeks. His cousin Besius was the commander, leading the horsemen from Balkh. Berzanthis was the commander of the Baloch forces, Okeshthra was the commander of the forces from Khuzistan , Maseus was the commander of the Syrian and Egyptian contingent, Ozbed

2145-551: The movie or else they won't understand the film. On the whole O21 is dark and mysterious and it has taken the Pakistani cinema to the new level, thank you Jami for proving that Pakistani cinema is not just about item numbers and Bollywood stereo types." Faria Syed of HiP wrote "The film is thrilling, visually stunning and well-acted with multiple layers of story. There are no songs to titillate, no simple solutions to facilitate those who would rather not think about what they are watching." Umer Ali of Skotato rated 4/5 and wrote "It

2200-736: The name by which the Indus Valley civilisation is believed to have been known to the Sumerians (2900–2350 BCE) and Akkadians (2334–2154 BCE) in Mesopotamia . Meluḫḫa disappears from the Mesopotamian records at the beginning of the second millennium BCE. However, Hansman states that a trace of it in a modified form, as Baluḫḫu , was retained in the names of products imported by the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–605 BCE). Al-Muqaddasī , who visited

2255-680: The region. It was ruled over by the Brahui Ahmadzai dynasty till 1948. Ahmad Shah Durrani made it vassal of the Afghan Durrani Empire in 1749. In 1758 the Khan of Kalat, Nasir Khan I Ahmadzai , revolted against Ahmed Shah Durrani , defeated him, and made his Khanate independent from the Durrani Empire. Baloch tribalism in medieval times was synonymous with pastoral nomadism. Nomadic people, as observed by Heape (1931), regard themselves as

O21 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2310-594: The separatist militants fighting the government of Pakistan , a global terrorist group. In Iran, separatist fighting has reportedly not gained as much ground as the conflict in Pakistan, but has grown and become more sectarian since 2012, with the majority-Sunni Baloch showing a greater degree of Salafist and anti-Shia ideology in their fight against the Shia-Islamist Iranian government . Sistan-Baluchistan, one of Iran's poorest regions has long been plagued by unrest involving drug-smuggling gangs, rebels from

2365-446: The separatist militants. Separatist militants in Pakistan demand more autonomy and a greater share in the region's natural resources. The Baloch population in Pakistan has endured grave violations of human rights, which include extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, and torture. These actions are purportedly perpetrated by state security forces and their associates. In 2019, United States declared Baloch Liberation Army , one of

2420-484: The single screen cinemas in Karachi ; Bambino and Capri. It got replaced in all its shows by Bang Bang! and Na Maloom Afraad , as people started protesting and throwing bottles on screen as the film did not exactly live up to their expectation. Aayan Mirza of Galaxy Lollywood investigated the case by talking with industry insiders and blamed it on film's distributor Distribution Club and wrote "They don’t care whether

2475-554: The site of Mehrgarh in the Kachi Plain . These villages expanded in size during the subsequent Chalcolithic when interaction was amplified. This involved the movement of finished goods and raw materials, including chank shell , lapis lazuli , turquoise , and ceramics. By 2500 BCE (the Bronze Age), the region now known as Pakistani Balochistan had become part of the Indus Valley civilization cultural orbit, providing key resources to

2530-474: The situation, Muhammad Rizwan of Distribution Club said "The events at Capri, Bambino and Dreamland have not only damaged the film business but our reputation as a distribution company; and therefore not only will we be taking legal action against these cinema owners but we will also stop providing films to these cinemas." Balochistan The Balochistan region is split among three countries: Iran , Afghanistan and Pakistan . Administratively it comprises

2585-547: The superior of sedentary or agriculturist. It is, perhaps, because the occupation of nomads made them strong, active, and inured to hardship and the dangers which beset a mobile life. The areas of Balochistan where the Baloch tribes moved in had a sedentary population, and the Baloch tribes were compelled to deal with their sedentary neighbors. Being in a weaker position, the Baloch tribes were in need of constant vigils for their survival in new lands. To deal with this problem, they began to make alliances and organized themselves into

2640-585: The term as meaning either a proper name milu-akam (from which tamilakam was derived when the Indus people migrated south) or melu-akam , meaning "high country", a possible reference to Balochistani high lands. Historian Romila Thapar also interprets Meluḫḫa as a proto-Dravidian term, possibly mēlukku , and suggests the meaning "western extremity" (of the Dravidian-speaking regions in the Indian subcontinent). A literal translation into Sanskrit , aparānta ,

2695-598: The time of the Indian independence movement , "three pro-Congress parties were still active in Balochistan's politics", such as the Anjuman-i-Watan Baluchistan , which favoured a united India and opposed its partition . Insurgencies took place in Pakistani Balochistan during 1948, 1958–59, 1962–63 and from 1973–1977. In 2021, there was an earthquake that killed dozens of people. This came to be known as

2750-633: The time of their fatal encounters with Sassanid forces. No elaborate structure of religious institutions has been discerned in the Baloch society during the Middle Ages. The Baloch converted to Islam (nearly all Baloch belong to the Sunni sect of Islam) after the Arab conquest of Balochistan during the seventh century. The Balochistan region is administratively divided among three countries, Pakistan , Afghanistan , and Iran . The largest portion in area and population

2805-401: The two neighboring countries from further turmoil through a plan that could risk the lives of them and their families. A plan that has 21 hours to be executed. The filming began in Karachi in the first quarter of 2013, and over a course of 61 days of shooting spread over 3 spells, was completed in the first quarter of 2014. Filming took place throughout Karachi , Lahore , Balochistan and

SECTION 50

#1732883385090

2860-504: Was later used to describe the region by the Indo-Aryans . During the time of Alexander the Great (356–323 BCE), the Greeks called the land Gedrosia and its people Gedrosoi , terms of unknown origin. Using etymological reasoning, H. W. Bailey reconstructs a possible Iranian name, uadravati , meaning "the land of underground channels", which could have been transformed to badlaut in

2915-465: Was released on 24 May 2014. while the theatrical trailer was unveiled on 21 September 2014 in a press event held in Nueplex Cinemas Karachi . The film was released on Eid Al-Adha 2014. Hala Syed of DAWN.com rated the film 4/5 and wrote "It does not glorify war but depicts it in a gritty realistic, thought provoking way. It's engaging, unflinching and unique in that it dares to tell

2970-485: Was the case with other regions of India. Rather, it was of a military and geopolitical nature. Their basic objective in their advent in Balochistan was to station garrisons so as to defend the frontiers of British India from any threat coming from Iran and Afghanistan. Beginning from 1840, there began a general insurrection against the British rule throughout Balochistan. The Baloch were not ready to accept their country as part of an occupied Afghanistan and to be ruled under

3025-577: Was the commander of the Medes , and Phirthaphirna was leading the Sakas and forces from Tabaristan , Gurgan, and Khurasan. Obviously, as part of a losing side, the Baloch certainly got their share of punishment from the victorious Macedonian forces. Herodotus in 450 BCE described the Paraitakenoi as a tribe ruled by Deiokes , a Persian king, in northwestern Persia (History I.101). Arrian describes how Alexander

#89910