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59-546: Nuevo Laredo is located in the Northern tip of Tamaulipas on the west end of the Rio Grande Plains . Rio Grande is the only source that supplies its citizens with water. El Coyote Creek supplies Nuevo Laredo's only natural lake El Laguito (The Small Lake). The area consists of a few hills and flat land covered with grass , oak , cacti , and mesquite . Nuevo Laredo features a semiarid climate . Nuevo Laredo's weather

118-617: A port city but also as an industrial and commercial center. The railroad allowed goods to flow quickly from the mines and cities of the interior and the Texas border to Tampico for processing and shipment. This, in turn, caused significant growth in towns such as Matamoros and Nuevo Laredo. Since the revolution of 1910 , successive governments have dedicated themselves to building industry and infrastructure in Tamaulipas, including communications and educational systems. Norberto Treviño Zapata founded

177-483: A water conservation ordinance was implemented in 2003. Nuevo Laredo is governed by an elected Cabildo , which is composed of the Presidente Municipal (Municipal President or Mayor), two Síndicos , and twenty Regidores . MORENA party is in control of the municipality government. The Mayor is in charge of the municipal administration. The Síndicos supervise the municipal budget and expenditures, and

236-415: A January high of 22 °C (72 °F) and a low of 11 °C (52 °F) although temperatures can fall below 10 °C (50 °F). Summers are hot with a July mean of 30 °C (86 °F) and temperatures can exceed 40 °C (104 °F) anytime from May until August. The average annual precipitation is 452 millimetres (18 in), with most of it being concentrated in the summer months though

295-459: A border with Texas on the Rio Grande. Its capital was kept at Aguayo, which later was renamed Ciudad Victoria in honor of Guadalupe Victoria , first President of Mexico . In the wake of the war, Tamaulipas remained an object of interest to American expansionists . The climate was considered suitable for the spread of slavery by Southerners who desired the admission of new territory to shift

354-507: A certain number of ranches on the right bank of the Río Grande that belonged to Nuevo León. New settlements were then founded and the line of towns along the Rio Grande would later be dubbed the "villas del norte," or northern towns (Laredo, Revilla [Guerrero], Mier, Camargo, and Reynosa) which were established as a key part of Escandón's plan for the pacification and colonization of the province. These settlements, from Laredo to Reynosa, served as

413-579: A defensive line for larger centers of population in the Mexican interior. Moreover, the villas functioned as a means to introduce Spanish "civilization" to the indigenous groups of the area. The Tamaulipas-Nuevo Leon border likely runs along old Mesquite Posts. In the mid-17th century, various Apache bands from the Southern Plains, after acquiring horses from Europeans in New Mexico, moved southeastward into

472-670: A la voz de libertad. Chorus: Long live Tamaulipas, proud and heroic, The region that slumbers on the banks of the river. Blood pounds in my chest At the glorious memory of her heroes and honor. Long live Tamaulipas, the beloved land That in the dire times gave her blood and life. Let us sing a hymn of love and loyalty And let all Tamaulipas vibrate to the voice of freedom. Estrofa I: Fuiste cuna de nobles varones que con la luz de su saber iluminaron, y al pasar por la tierra dejaron con sus obras su nombre inmortal. Hoy la historia, canta la gloria de tus héroes en marcha triunfal. Verse I: Thou wert

531-502: A major general and bulk cargo port. Also of importance are the tourism and fishing industries, as well as much commercial shipping, based in Tampico and Altamira. The little village of La Pesca , in the municipality of Soto La Marina , about midway between Brownsville, Texas and Tampico, is a rapidly growing tourist area with lovely beaches and excellent fishing both in the Gulf of Mexico and

590-476: A professional degree. Institutions of higher education include: Tamaulipas is served by 5 international airports and one national airport. Newspapers of Tamaulipas include: El Bravo , El Diario de Ciudad Victoria , El Mañana , El Mañana de Reynosa , El Mercurio de Tamaulipas , El Sol de la Tarde , El Sol de Tampico , Hora Cero Tamaulipas , La Razón , La Tarde , La Verdad de Tamaulipas , Milenio , Periódico Valle del Norte , and Siempre con la verdad

649-640: A short period of time. Nuevo Laredo is cold for Tamaulipas standards during winter, the average daytime highs are around 66 °F (19 C) and overnight lows around 43 °F (6 C); although it is rare for snow to fall in Nuevo Laredo, there was actually snow on the ground for a few hours on the morning of Christmas Day 2004. Nuevo Laredo experiences an average high temperature of about 99 °F (37 C), and an average low of about 75 °F (24 C) during summer, and 20 inches (510 mm) of rain per year. As Laredo sometimes undergoes drought ,

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708-480: A state finally acceded to Maximilian's rule, and the last French soldiers left the state in 1866, leading up to Maximilian's execution and fall of the Second Mexican Empire in 1867. However, the years after Maximilian's defeat were ones of rebuilding and great growth in Tamaulipas. International trade began to blossom, especially with the coming of the railroad to Tampico, which was developing as not only

767-602: A tiempo. The current anthem of the state of Tamaulipas is Himno a Tamaulipas  [ es ] , composed in 1926 by Rafael Antonio Pérez Pérez , set to music by Alfredo Tamayo Marín . Normally, only the chorus, first verse and chorus are sung in public. Coro: Viva Tamaulipas altiva y heroica, la región que dormita en la margen del río. La sangre palpita en el pecho mío, al recuerdo glorioso de sus héroes y su honor. Viva Tamaulipas la tierra querida que en las horas aciagas dio su sangre y su vida. Cantemos un himno de amor y lealtad y todo Tamaulipas vibre

826-401: Is 780 mm (31 in), mostly concentrated between June and September. State agencies include: Northern Tamaulipas shares its economic culture with that of Texas , and is primarily characterized by agriculture and strong growth in all industrial sectors. This region is home to many of the maquiladoras , factories owned by foreign companies but worked by Mexicans, primarily by women. In

885-480: Is approximately 240 pesos per day, $ 2.00 to $ 3.00 an hour. There is a large number of people (around 200 000 only in the city of Reynosa) born in the southern neighboring state of Veracruz who are economic immigrants that end up working in the maquila industry. Tamaulipas enjoys standards slightly higher than the national averages, since illiteracy has been reduced to 5% for those over 15 years of age, average schooling reaches 7.8 years, and as many as 11% have earned

944-612: Is influenced by its proximity to the Chihuahuan Desert to the west, by the Sierra Madre Oriental mountains to the south and west, and by the Gulf of Mexico to the east. Much of the moisture from the Pacific is blocked by the Sierra Madre Oriental . Therefore, most of the moisture derives from the Gulf of Mexico. Its geographic location causes Nuevo Laredo's weather to range from long periods of heat to sudden violent storms in

1003-480: Is the flower of dreams That the worker strives to achieve. And if he reaches it, a hope Is to know death or victory. . This state is known to be the site of a territorial struggle between the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas . The resulting deaths and unresolved kidnappings from the gang violence have been described as a "humanitarian tragedy". The state of Tamaulipas is one of the most affected by violence in

1062-682: The Nuevo Reino de León , camped in what is now Reynosa during an exploratory expedition. In December 1748, an expedition led by José de Escandón y Helguera left from Querétaro , planning to establish 14 villages; the caravan consisted of 1500 colonists and 755 soldiers. On 14 March 1749, was founded (in its original location) the Villa de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Reynosa, by the captain Carlos Cantú on behalf of Escandón, being as well in political and military command. There were 279 pioneer residents in

1121-576: The Colombian Conflict , leading to the rise of illicit criminal organizations like the Cali Cartel and Medellín Cartel led by drug traffickers like Pablo Escobar and Fabio Ochoa Vásquez . In Mexico, there had already existed various illicit organizations doing drug trafficking like the Gulf Cartel , Milenio Cartel , Juaréz Cartel , Guadalajara Cartel , and a new group of vigilante drug traffickers called La Familia Michoacana . The Gulf Cartel

1180-796: The Edwards Plateau , displacing the native hunting and gathering groups. One of these groups was known as Lipan (see Hodge 1907 Vol. I:769 for a confusing list of synonyms). After 1750, when most Apache groups of the Central Texas highlands were displaced by Comanche and moved into the coastal plain of southern Texas, the Europeans of the San Antonio area began referring to all Apache groups in southern Texas as Lipan or Lipan Apache. Many Indian groups of missions in southern Texas and northeastern Mexico had recently been displaced from their territory through

1239-510: The Free and Sovereign State of Tamaulipas ( Spanish : Estado Libre y Soberano de Tamaulipas ), is a state in Mexico ; one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City , comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico . It is divided into 43 municipalities . It is located in northeast Mexico and is bordered by the states of Nuevo León to the west, San Luis Potosí to the southwest, and Veracruz to

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1298-535: The Lopez Expedition , which was desired for the same reason as Tamaulipas. The French occupation and reign of Emperor Maximilian during the 1860s was difficult for Tamaulipas, at least on the borders and in the city of Tampico. Portions of Tamaulipas supported the republican forces led by President Benito Juarez in resisting the French, especially in the north. Two years after French occupation began, Tamaulipas as

1357-632: The Mexican drug war and Joint Operation Nuevo León-Tamaulipas . The Tropic of Cancer crosses the southern part of the municipality of Victoria. The coastal plains along the Gulf have a large presence in the state, whereas inland the landscape is adorned by cactus species and pasture . Predominant fauna in the region include the cougar ( Puma concolor ), long-tailed weasel ( Mustela frenata ), ocelot ( Leopardus pardalis ), American badger ( Taxidea taxus ), North American beaver ( Castor canadensis ), plain chachalaca ( Ortalis vetula ) and quail . In

1416-605: The Mexican-American war . On 10 May 1910, General Lucio Blanco with the constitutional army took Reynosa during the Mexican revolution. On 24 November 1926, Reynosa became a city. Reynosa extends across 3,156.34 sq kilometers (1218.66 sq. miles), representing 3.7 per cent of the Tamaulipas territory. Today it is the location of several satellite U.S. companies doing business to take advantage of low labor rates and industry incentives. On 18 September 2012, an explosion at

1475-650: The Regidores are elected by the party. Public safety is provided by three municipal departments: (1) municipal police ( Dirección de Seguridad Ciudadana ), (2) traffic control ( Dirección de Seguridad Vial ), and (3) the emergency services department ( Dirección de Protección Civil, Bomberos y Desastres ). The largest localities (cities, towns, and villages) are: 27°25′58″N 99°40′24″W  /  27.43278°N 99.67333°W  / 27.43278; -99.67333 Tamaulipas Tamaulipas ( Spanish pronunciation: [tamawˈlipas] ), officially

1534-555: The Sierra de San Carlos are isolated mountain ranges in eastern Tamaulipas. In terms of hydrology, the Bravo, Purificacion, and Guayalejo Rivers flow into the Gulf of Mexico after crossing the state from the western inland. On their way, their basins and zones of influence naturally correspond to the areas destined for agricultural use. The Rio Grande, known to Mexicans as the Río Bravo , represents

1593-567: The municipal seat of Reynosa Municipality . The city is located on the southern bank of the Rio Grande in the international Reynosa–McAllen metropolitan area , directly across the Mexico–United States border from Hidalgo, Texas . As of 2020, the city of Reynosa has a population of 691,557. If the floating population is included, the total can reach approximately 1,000,000. On 6 July 1686, Agustín Echeverz y Zuvízar, governor of

1652-536: The tam- prefix signifies "place (where)". No scholarly agreement exists on the meaning of holipa , but "high hills" is a common interpretation. Another explanation of the state name is that it is derived from Ta ma ho'lipam ("place where the Lipan Apache prey"). The area known as Tamaulipas has been inhabited for at least 8,000 years. Several different cultures (north coastal, south coastal, lowlands, and mountains) have come and gone during that period. Tamaulipas

1711-653: The Federal Police and the Navy, launched an operation around the north of the state of Tamaulipas, allowing hundreds of families to return to their homes after months of exile in other states, mainly in municipalities like Mier, where around 4,000 people returned. According to INEGI, in 2012 Tamaulipas contained 9 municipalities with a homicide rate higher than 100 per 100,000 inhabitants: Cruillas (106), San Fernando (175), Llera (159), Mier (156), Güémez (141), Hidalgo (135), Nuevo Laredo (134), González (109) and Soto la Marina (100). On

1770-597: The Regional Technical Institute of Ciudad Victoria, the University of Valle de Bravo, and other institutions of learning. As of the 1990 Mexican census, 13 percent of the homes had only dirt floors, nearly 19 percent had no running water, and over 15 percent of the homes had no electricity. This was better than the national average but was skewed because of the high rate of development in the urban centers. In rural communities in Tamaulipas, access to running water

1829-583: The Rio Soto La Marina. The central zone contains the capital, Ciudad Victoria , and is home to much forestry and farming, as well as some industrial development. About 30% of the population lives here, both in the capital and in Ciudad Mante . Ciudad Victoria is a significant educational center, home to the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas (which also has campuses in other cities in the state),

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1888-712: The San Antonio River to the northeast to the Gulf of Mexico, then south to the Pánuco River near Tampico and west to the Sierra Madre Mountains. The area became a haven for rebellious Indians who fled there after increased Spanish settlements in Nuevo León and Coahuila. In 1784 Nuevo Santander (Tamaulipas) led by Escandón, annexed San Antonio de los Llanos and its dependencies on the Purificación lagoon together with

1947-520: The Spanish bolstered the area's economy while forcing native populations from their original lands. Repeated indigenous rebellions kept the area unstable and weakened colonial interest in the region. What is now Tamaulipas was first incorporated as a separate province of New Spain in 1746 with the name Nuevo Santander . The local government capital during this time moved from Santander to San Carlos, and finally to Aguayo. The territory of this time spanned from

2006-618: The Tamaulipecan home . Your daughters are virtuous women That adorn the courtyard garden! Today the story, sings the glory With the myrtle, olive and laurel. Estrofa IV: Los que duermen eterno descanso, los que por ti con fe y valor su vida dieron, por hacerte feliz sucumbieron bajo el fuego que te hizo inmortal. Hoy la historia, canta la gloria de tus heroes en marcha triunfal. Verse IV: Those who sleep in eternal rest , That for you with faith and courage gave his life , Succumbed to make you happy Under

2065-611: The balance in Congress back towards the slave states . Senator Albert Gallatin Brown declared "I want Tamaulipas, Potosi , and one or two other Mexican states; and I want them all for the same reason - for the plantation and spreading of slavery". In the 1850s José María Jesús Carbajal led several incursions into Tamaulipas before being indicted for violating the Neutrality Act . Filibustering efforts were also directed towards Cuba with

2124-411: The centre, north, and towards southwest, an arid and semi-arid climate predominate (both of these account for 38% of the state). A temperate subtropical climate is found in the extreme southwest of the state while in the extreme southeast, such as Tampico , there is a tropical savanna climate . Mean annual temperature in the state is around 23.5 °C (74.3 °F) while mean annual precipitation

2183-429: The charge of Friar Agustín Fragoso. The city was named Reynosa after Reinosa , birthplace of the viceroy Juan Francisco de Güemes y Horcasitas. In August 1750, the first flood was documented in the village. In April 1757, Reynosa had it first political conflict, when Escandón dismissed Carlos Cantú as the mayor of the village, replacing him by Pedro de Estrada, second mayor of Reynosa. On 9 July 1757, arrives to

2242-477: The country, mainly caused by organized crime. In February 2010, an armed conflict broke out between the criminal groups known as the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas, resulting in many border cities becoming "ghost towns"; such is the case of the border strip known as "La Frontera Chica" made up of the cities of Miguel Alemán , Mier , Camargo and Nueva Ciudad Guerrero . In November 2010, the Mexican army, together with

2301-554: The cradle of noble men Who by the light of their knowledge illuminated, And who in passing through the world left By their works their immortal name. Today history sings the glory Of your heroes in triumphal march. Estrofa II: En los tiempos de duelo y de guerra con tu valor fuiste el honor de nuestro suelo. Defendiste heroica la tierra y tu espada fue siempre inmortal. Hoy la historia, canta la gloria de tus heroes en marcha triunfal. Verse II: In times of grief and war , With your courage you were

2360-664: The creation of the Republic of Texas in 1836. The new republic claimed as part of its territory northern Tamaulipas. In 1840, it became a part of the short-lived Republic of the Rio Grande . In 1848, after the Mexican–American War , Tamaulipas lost more than a quarter of its territory via the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo . American president James K. Polk had desired to annex Mexican territory as far south as Tampico although his negotiator Nicholas Trist disregarded this and settled on

2419-436: The fire that made you immortal . Today the story, sings the glory Of your heroes' triumphal march . Estrofa V: Ya la aurora de tiempos mejores iluminó con su fulgor nuestros albores; y en los surcos que abre el arado va sembrando la fraternidad. Y su anhelo, protege el cielo floreciendo en la santa hermandad. Verse V: Since the dawn of better times Illuminated by his splendor our dawn ; And in

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2478-479: The honor of our soil . You heroically defended the land And your sword was always immortal . Today the story, sings the glory Of your heroes' triumphal march . Estrofa III: En tu seno de mirtos y rosas fuente de amor en el hogar tamaulipeco. ¡Son tus hijas mujeres virtuosas que engalanan el patio vergel! Hoy la historia, canta la gloria con el mirto, la oliva y laurel. Verse III: In your heart of myrtle and roses , Source of love in

2537-450: The largest metropolitan area in Tamaulipas. In 2011, Reynosa was the fastest growing city in the state of Tamaulipas, and was among the top five fastest growing cities in Mexico. The city is about 11 miles (18 km) south of McAllen, Texas . Reynosa has a semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification BSh ) with short, mild winters and hot summers. Winters are mild and dry with

2596-505: The nearby Pemex gas plant killed 30 and injured 46 people. Pemex Director Juan Jose Suarez said that there was "no evidence that it was a deliberate incident, or some kind of attack". In 2017, it was described as a major hotspot in the Mexican Drug War , as a result of the internecine wars between the Gulf and Los Zetas drugs cartels. Reynosa is the largest and most populous city in

2655-588: The northern frontier shared with the United States. One of the tributaries of this natural border, the San Juan River , feeds the Marte R. Gómez Dam  [ es ] . Agricultural and cattle-raising activities are served by 14 other dams across the state, with a total capacity of 7,500 million m (260 billion cu ft) of water. About 58% of the state has a hot humid subtropical climate . In

2714-412: The other hand, the municipalities that had had the most intentional homicides in 2012 were Nuevo Laredo (536 homicides), Victoria (165) and San Fernando (102). Reynosa, Tamaulipas Airport General Lucio Blanco International Airport Reynosa ( Spanish pronunciation: [rejˈnosa] ) is a border city in the northern part of the state of Tamaulipas , in Mexico which also holds

2773-472: The plow furrows opened Is sowing the fraternity . And his desire, protects the heavens Flourishing in the holy brotherhood . Estrofa VI: Nuestros hombres hoy luchan ufanos por mejorar su condición de ciudadanos. Igualdad es la flor del ensueño que el obrero pretende alcanzar. Y si alcanza, una esperanza es que sabe morir o triunfar. Verse VI: Our self-satisfied men today struggle To improve their status as citizens . Equality

2832-544: The pressure, combined and migrated north into the Central Texas highlands. In 1824, after the Mexican War of Independence from Spain, and the fall of the Mexican Empire , Tamaulipas was one of the 19 founder states of the new United Mexican States . Slavery was formally abolished by the 1824 Constitution . During the fights between centralists and federalists that after independence, the successful Texas Revolution led to

2891-414: The southeast. To the north, it has a 370 km (230 mi) stretch of the U.S.–Mexico border with the state of Texas , and to the east it is bordered by the Gulf of Mexico . In addition to the capital city, Ciudad Victoria , the state's largest cities include Reynosa , Matamoros , Nuevo Laredo , Tampico , and Mante . The name Tamaulipas is derived from Tamaholipa , a Huastec term in which

2950-598: The southward push by the Lipan Apaches and were still hostile toward Apaches, linking arms with the local Spanish authorities against their common foe. By 1790, Europeans turned their attention from the aboriginal groups and focused on containing the Apache invaders. In northeastern Coahuila and adjacent Texas, Spanish and Apache displacements created an unusual ethnic mix. Here, the local Indians mixed with displaced groups from Coahuila and Chihuahua and Texas. Some groups, to escape

3009-454: The state of Tamaulipas, followed by Matamoros , Nuevo Laredo , Ciudad Victoria , Tampico , and Río Bravo . In addition, the international Reynosa–McAllen Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,500,000 inhabitants, making it the third largest metropolitan area in the Mexico–U.S. border after San Diego–Tijuana and El Paso–Juárez . Reynosa is the 30th largest city in Mexico and anchors

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3068-614: The state there are important industrial parks such as the Oradel Industrial Center , located in the border city of Nuevo Laredo . Southern Tamaulipas' economy is primarily based on the petrochemical industries. There are petrochemical production plants around Altamira as well as a principal Gulf coast container port, refinery facilities in Ciudad Madero and many oil-industry support service companies in Tampico , as well as

3127-399: The state university system, as well as reformed the state oil industry. Marte Gómez provided increased farm sizes for private family farmers. And more recently, Emilio Martínez Manautou led industrial growth. Lately, a push has been to strengthen fishing , including efforts to increase the price of fish and shellfish on the international market. During the 1970s, Colombia was experiencing

3186-572: The village the captain José Tineda y Cuervo and the engineer Agustín López, both viceroyalty inspectors, to do a population census according to which Reynosa had 280 inhabitants. As a result of the census, they obtained authorization from the King of Spain to move the village to a placed named Santa María de las Lajas, which was not done because Escandón didn't consider the river a flooding risk anymore. In September 1800, an immense flood occurred. The village

3245-708: The western part of the state, the Sierra Madre Oriental displays warm valleys and high sierras with peaks reaching 3,280 m (10,760 ft) in the Pedragoso Sierra; 3,240 m (10,630 ft) in the Borregos Sierra; 3,220 m (10,560 ft) in La Gloria Sierra; 3,180 m (10,430 ft) in Cerro el Nacimiento; and 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level in the Sierra el Pinal. The Sierra de Tamaulipas and

3304-459: Was available in less than 40 percent of homes. As of 2005, Tamaulipas's economy represents 3.3% of Mexico's total gross domestic product or 21,664 million USD. Tamaulipas's economy has a strong focus on export oriented manufacturing (i.e. maquiladora / IMMEX ). As of 2005, 258,762 people are employed in the manufacturing sector. Foreign direct investment in Tamaulipas was 386.2 million USD for 2005. The average wage for an employee in Tamaulipas

3363-733: Was in charge of the State of Tamaulipas and other gulf coast states, leading to the drug trafficking rates going high in the 1990s. Around that time, a group of defectors from the Mexican Special Forces that participated in the Chiapas conflict defected as Osiel Cárdenas Guillén made them promises that they would receive better wages if they worked as the enforcer group of the Gulf Cartel called Los Zetas . They did incursions in states like Michoacán and merged La Familia Michoacana as an enforcer group from 2004 to 2006. In 2006, their crimes resulted in

3422-466: Was inundated and the villagers used canoes and rafts to arrive to the hills of El Morrillo. In 1802, the village moved to its current location and the new census showed 1631 inhabitants. In 1810, the building of the old church Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe began, by the parish priest Don José Cárdenas; it was finished in 1815 by Don Lorenzo Treviño. In 1846, Reynosa was invaded by the American army during

3481-429: Was originally populated by the nomad Chichimec and sedentary Huastec , in addition to non-Chichimec hunter-gatherer and fishing tribes. A gradual process was needed for Spain to subjugate the inhabitants of Tamaulipas in the 16th and 17th centuries. The first permanent Spanish settlement in the area was Tampico in 1554. Further settlement was done by Franciscan missionaries; widespread cattle and sheep ranching by

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