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37-607: The area is also the location of the Nuʻuanu Freshwater Fish Refuge and the Nuʻuanu Reservoir in the jurisdiction of the Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources . The Nuʻuanu Pali State Wayside is a lookout above the tunnels where there is a panoramic view of Oʻahu's windward side with views of Kāneʻohe, Kāneʻohe Bay , and Kailua . It is also well known for strong trade winds that blow through

74-419: A 1957 case on Cape Cod where downdrafts from an uncovered chimney became strong enough to blow a mirror off a wall, overturn chairs and knock things off shelves. In the 1950s, Guy William Lambert proposed that reported poltergeist phenomena could be explained by the movement of underground water causing stress on houses. He suggested that water turbulence could cause strange sounds or structural movement of

111-607: A Hawaiian chant as a sign of respect to those who have died there. In 1845 the first road was built over the Nuʻuanu Pali, to connect Windward Oʻahu with Honolulu. In 1898, as this road was developed into a highway, workers found 800 human skulls—believed to be the remains of the warriors who fell to their deaths from the cliff above. This road was later replaced by the Pali Highway and the Nuʻuanu Pali Tunnels in 1959, which

148-508: A background in conservation while another member must have demonstrated knowledge of Native Hawaiian traditions and practices. The chairperson is a full-time position appointed by the Governor of Hawaiʻi. The Board convenes twice monthly on the second and fourth Fridays of the month. At these meetings, testimony from the public about programs, development plans, etc. are presented. The Commission on Water Resource Management (CWRM) administers

185-448: A half human, half hog god, and would not allow him (in the form of pork) to trespass on her side of the island. "Pali Gap" (Nu'uanu Pali into English) is the title of a track from the posthumous 1971 album Rainbow Bridge by the guitarist Jimi Hendrix . 'The Pali', together with surrounding areas such as Tantalus Crater , is the main setting in the novel Micro by Michael Crichton and Richard Preston. The 2015 movie Pali Road

222-533: A handful of non-Hawaiian foreigners. After conquering the islands of Maui and Molokaʻi , he moved on to Oʻahu. The pivotal battle for the island occurred in Nuʻuanu Valley, where the defenders of Oʻahu, led by Kalanikūpule , were driven back up into the valley where they were trapped above the cliff. Kamehamehaʻs warriors forced Maui Chief Kalanikupule's men to their deaths off of the cliff. Roughly 400 warriors died in this battle. After this battle, Kapanui recited

259-409: Is a two fish per license limit, and any catfish that is 16 inches or larger must be kept. The trail to Nuʻuanu began at Kalanikahua and led north of Kaumakapili Church to below the stream which flowed out of Kamanuwai pond. There the trail turned slightly to the right, went along the edge of the pond, and down into the water. Then, coming up on the bank onto Waiakemi, it led on to Waakekupua, along

296-672: Is established in the Hawaiʻi Revised Statutes §26-15 and establishes the Board of Land Natural Resources as the governing entity. The department must follow the Hawaiʻi Administrative Rules Title 13, which details the procedures carried out by the DLNR. The DLNR is headed by an executive board, the Board of Land and Natural Resources (BLNR). It is composed of seven members, one from each land district and three at large, and

333-529: Is likely that the perpetrator had secretly obtained the object sometime earlier and waited for an opportunity to fling it, even from outside the room—thus supposedly proving he or she was innocent. Unsubstantiated claims: A claim of activity at Caledonia Mills (1899–1922) was investigated by Walter Franklin Prince , research officer for the American Society for Psychical Research in 1922. Prince concluded that

370-463: Is located up the Nuʻuanu Pali heading towards Kailua, in the valley jungle. This small body of water holds various species of catfish, and peacock bass . In efforts towards preserving the reservoir, appointments must be made half a year prior to the visiting date. This ensures a controlled number of residents that fish out of the waters, preventing overfishing. A fresh water game fishing license and an entry fishing card are required to fish there. There

407-542: Is named for the old road over the Pali, although most of the action takes place elsewhere on Oahu. Hawai%27i Department of Land and Natural Resources The Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources ( DLNR ) is a part of the Hawaii state government dedicated to managing, administering, and exercising control over public lands, water resources and streams, ocean waters, coastal areas, minerals, and other natural resources of

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444-535: Is the route used today. The now extinct bird, the Oʻahu nukupuʻu , was last collected in this valley. There is also a legend that takes place around the Nuʻuanu Pali. This is The Ghost Dog Legend. This legend states that when people came across this dog on the Pali, they had to turn back around or else they would not make it up the steep mountain. Because of these events, it is said that coming across this dog would lead to kaupe , meaning disaster. The Nuʻuanu Reservoir

481-492: The Ancient Greek θορυβείν ( thorubeín ) ' to make noise or uproar, to throw into confusion ' . Many claims have been made that poltergeist activity explains strange events (including those by modern self-styled ghost hunters), however, their evidence has so far not stood up to scrutiny. Many claimed poltergeist events have been proven upon investigation to be hoaxes . Psychical researcher Frank Podmore proposed

518-584: The God helmet , may simply be explained by the suggestibility of participants. David Turner, a retired physical chemist, suggested that ball lightning might cause the "spooky movement of objects blamed on poltergeists." Parapsychologists Nandor Fodor and William G. Roll suggested that poltergeist activity can be explained by psychokinesis . Historically, actual malicious spirits were blamed for apparent poltergeist-type activity, such as objects moving seemingly of their own accord. According to Allan Kardec ,

555-444: The 'naughty little girl' theory for poltergeist cases (many of which have seemed to centre on an adolescent, usually a girl). He found that the centre of the disturbance was often a child who was throwing objects around to fool or scare people for attention. Skeptical investigator Joe Nickell says that claimed poltergeist incidents typically originate from "an individual who is motivated to cause mischief". According to Nickell: In

592-631: The 1987 State Water Code, Chapter 174C of the Hawaii Revised Statutes. "It has jurisdiction over land-based surface water and groundwater resources, but not coastal waters and generally, it is responsible for addressing water quantity issues, while water quality issues are under the purview of the Hawaii Department of Health . Of the seven commission members, two are members by virtue of office and five, who must have "substantial experience in water resource management ", are appointed by

629-450: The 1st century. Skeptics explain poltergeists as juvenile tricksters fooling credulous adults. The word poltergeist comes from the German language words poltern ' to make sound, to rumble ' and Geist ' ghost, spirit ' and the term itself translates as ' noisy ghost ' , ' rumble-ghost ' or a ' loud spirit ' . A synonym coined by René Sudre is thorybism , from

666-1030: The Aha Moku Advisory Committee, the Endangered Species Recovery Committee, the Hawaiʻi Historic Places Review Board, the Island Burials Councils, the Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission, the Legacy Land Conservation Commission, the Natural Area Reserves Commission. As of 2017, the DLNR has 10 divisions: The DLNR has four offices: In July 2020, the DLNR removed alien coral species and placed sea urchins in Kāneʻohe Bay to help control

703-572: The Governor. One term lasts four years. The chairperson of the commission is the Chair of the BLNR. The chairperson appoints the CWRM Deputy Director, The CWRM's staff is divided into 4 main branches: a surveying, a planning, a groundwater regulation, and a stream protection and management branch. The survey branch collects hydrologic data. The planning branch is responsible for data analysis and preparing

740-536: The Hawaii Water Plan. The ground-water regulation branch consists of 4 sections: Enforcement, Ground Water Allocation, Ground Water Infrastructure, and Ground Water Protection. They establish minimum standards for well construction, process water and well permits, and investigate. The stream protection and management branch establishes minimum standards for and processes permits for surface water or instream use . The DLNR has seven committees and councils, including

777-615: The State of Hawaiʻi . The mission of the Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources is to "enhance, protect, conserve and manage Hawaiʻi's unique and limited natural, cultural and historic resources held in public trust for current and future generations of the people of Hawaiʻi nei, and its visitors, in partnership with others from the public and private sectors." The organization oversees over 1.3 million acres of land, beaches, and coastal waters and 750 miles of coastal land. The DLNR

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814-406: The affective and cognitive dynamics of percipients' interpretation of ambiguous stimuli". Psychologist Donovan Rawcliffe has written that almost all poltergeist cases that have been investigated turned out to be based on trickery, whilst the rest are attributable to psychological factors such as hallucinations . Psychoanalyst Carl Gustav Jung was interested in the concept of poltergeists and

851-469: The bank of the taro patches, to the Pauoa stream, up to Pualoalo, and on to the gap at Nuʻuanu Pali. Two large stones near the back of Nuʻuanu Valley, Hapuʻu and Ka-lae-hau-ola, were said to represent a pair of goddesses who were guardians of the passage down the pali. Travellers would leave offerings of flowers or kapa (bark cloth) to ensure a safe trip, and parents buried the umbilical cords of newborns under

888-457: The chairperson, who is the executive head of the department. Members are nominated with the consent of the Senate and are appointed by the Governor for a four-year term. No more than three members can be from the same political party and any member having an interest in any matter before the board must recuse themselves from voting or discussing the matter with the rest of the board. One member must have

925-479: The founder of Spiritism , poltergeists are manifestations of disembodied spirits of low level, belonging to the sixth class of the third order. Under this explanation, they are believed to be closely associated with the elements (fire, air, water, earth). In Finland, somewhat famous are the case of the "Mäkkylä Ghost" in 1946, which received attention in the press at the time, and the "Devils of Martin" in Ylöjärvi in

962-452: The hypothesis claiming if it was true "the building would almost certainly fall into ruins." According to Richard Wiseman the hypothesis has not held up to scrutiny. Michael Persinger has theorized that seismic activity could cause poltergeist phenomena. However, Persinger's claims regarding the effects of environmental geomagnetic activity on paranormal experiences have not been independently replicated and, like his findings regarding

999-601: The invasive species. Poltergeist In German folklore and ghostlore , a poltergeist ( / ˈ p oʊ l t ər ˌ ɡ aɪ s t / or / ˈ p ɒ l t ər ˌ ɡ aɪ s t / ; German: [ˈpɔltɐɡaɪ̯st] ; ' rumbling ghost ' or ' noisy spirit ' ) is a type of ghost or spirit that is responsible for physical disturbances, such as loud noises and objects being moved or destroyed. Most claims or fictional descriptions of poltergeists show them as being capable of pinching , biting , hitting , and tripping people. They are also depicted as capable of

1036-434: The late 19th century, for which affidavits were obtained in court. Samuli Paulaharju has also recorded a memoir of a typical poltergeist   —   the case of "Salkko- Niila" —   from the south of Lake Inari in his book Memoirs of Lapland ( Lapin muisteluksia ). The story has also been published in the collection of Mythical Stories ( Myytillisiä tarinoita ) edited by Lauri Simonsuuri. claim for

1073-577: The mountains, Honolulu to the windward side, Kailua and Kāneʻohe . The route drew settlers who formed villages in the area and populated Nuʻuanu Valley for a thousand years. The Nuʻuanu Pali was the site of the Battle of Nuʻuanu , one of the bloodiest battles in Hawaiian history, in which Kamehameha I conquered the island of Oʻahu, bringing it under his rule. In 1795 Kamehameha I sailed from his home island of Hawaiʻi with an army of 10,000 warriors, including

1110-507: The movement or levitation of objects such as furniture and cutlery, or noises such as knocking on doors. Foul smells are also associated with poltergeist occurrences, as well as spontaneous fires and different electrical issues such as flickering lights. These manifestations have been recorded in many cultures and countries, including Brazil, Australia, the United States, Japan and most European nations. The first recorded cases date back to

1147-706: The mysterious fires and alleged poltergeist phenomena were because of a psychological state of dissociation . Nandor Fodor investigated the Thornton Heath poltergeist claim (1938) . His conclusion of the case were a psychoanalytical explanation and in a subsequent publication: "The poltergeist is not a ghost. It is a bundle of projected repressions,". According to research in anomalistic psychology , claims of poltergeist activity can be explained by psychological factors such as illusion , memory lapses , and wishful thinking . A study (Lange and Houran, 1998) wrote that poltergeist experiences are delusions "resulting from

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1184-482: The occult in general. Jung believed that a female cousin's trance states were responsible for a dining table splitting in two and his later discovery of a broken bread knife. Jung also believed that when a bookcase gave an explosive cracking sound during a meeting with Sigmund Freud in 1909, he correctly predicted there would be a second sound, speculating that such phenomena were caused by 'exteriorization' of his subconscious mind. Freud disagreed, and concluded there

1221-504: The pass (now bypassed by the Nuʻuanu Pali Tunnels ). The Nuʻuanu Pali Tunnels were built in 1958. Before this road opened, people would use what is now known as the Old Pali Road, currently a popular hiking route. The Nuʻuanu Pali has been a vital pass from ancient times to the present because it is a low, traversable section of the Koʻolau mountain range that connects the leeward side of

1258-436: The property, possibly causing the house to vibrate and move objects. Later researchers, such as Alan Gauld and Tony Cornell , tested Lambert's hypothesis by placing specific objects in different rooms and subjecting the house to strong mechanical vibrations. They discovered that although the structure of the building had been damaged, only a few of the objects moved a very short distance. The skeptic Trevor H. Hall criticized

1295-470: The stones as a protection against evil. According to legend, the pass is inhabited by a moʻo wahine , a lizard who takes the form of a beautiful woman and leads male travelers to their deaths off the cliff, similar to a western poltergeist or mermaid . Hawaiian folklore holds that people should never carry pork over Nuʻuanu Pali, especially at night. Pele , the volcano goddess, was responsible for preventing passage due to her contest with Kamapua'a ,

1332-476: The typical poltergeist outbreak, small objects are hurled through the air by unseen forces, furniture is overturned, or other disturbances occur—usually just what could be accomplished by a juvenile trickster determined to plague credulous adults. Nickell writes that reports are often exaggerated by credulous witnesses. Time and time again in other "poltergeist" outbreaks, witnesses have reported an object leaping from its resting place supposedly on its own, when it

1369-424: Was some natural cause. Freud biographers maintain the sounds were likely caused by the wood of the bookcase contracting as it dried out. Attempts have also been made to scientifically explain poltergeist disturbances that have not been traced to fraud or psychological factors. Skeptic and magician Milbourne Christopher found that some cases of poltergeist activity can be attributed to unusual air currents, such as

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