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23-477: Nowshera is a tehsil located in Nowshera District , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan . The population is 727,749 according to the 2017 census . This Nowshera District location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tehsil In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana , a newer unit called mandal (circle) has come to replace the tehsil system. It is generally smaller than

46-449: A designated place within tehsil area known as tehsil headquarters. Tehsildar is the incharge of tehsil office. This is similar to district office or district collector at district level. Throughout India, there is a three-tier local body/Panchayat system within the state. At the top is the zila/zilla panchayat (parishad). Taluka/mandal panchayat/panchayat samiti/community development block is the second layer of this system and below them are

69-463: A gloss may be placed between a text and its translation when it is important to understand the structure of the language being glossed, and not just the overall meaning of the passage. Sign languages are typically transcribed word-for-word by means of a gloss written in the predominant oral language in all capitals; for example, American Sign Language and Auslan would be written in English. Prosody

92-447: A tehsil, and is meant for facilitating local self-government in the panchayat system . In West Bengal , Bihar, Jharkhand, community development blocks are the empowered grassroots administrative unit, replacing tehsils. Tehsil office is primarily tasked with land revenue administration, besides election and executive functions. It is the ultimate executive agency for land records and related administrative matters. The chief official

115-410: A text with cross references to similar passages. Today parenthetical explanations in scientific writing and technical writing are also often called glosses. Hyperlinks to a glossary sometimes supersede them. In East Asian languages, ruby characters are glosses that indicate the pronunciation of logographic Chinese characters . Starting in the 14th century, a gloze in the English language

138-446: Is called an apparatus . The compilation of glosses into glossaries was the beginning of lexicography , and the glossaries so compiled were in fact the first dictionaries . In modern times a glossary, as opposed to a dictionary, is typically found in a text as an appendix of specialized terms that the typical reader may find unfamiliar. Also, satirical explanations of words and events are called glosses. The German Romantic movement used

161-469: Is called the tehsildar or, less officially, the talukdar or taluka muktiarkar . Tehsil or taluk can be considered sub-districts in the Indian context. In some instances, tehsils overlap with " blocks " (panchayat union blocks or panchayat development blocks or cd blocks) and come under the land and revenue department, headed by the tehsildar; and blocks come under the rural development department, headed by

184-433: Is often glossed as superscript words, with its scope indicated by brackets. [I LIKE] [WHAT?] , GARLIC. "I don't like garlic." Pure fingerspelling is usually indicated by hyphenation. Fingerspelled words that have been lexicalized (that is, fingerspelling sequences that have entered the sign language as linguistic units and that often have slight modifications) are indicated with a hash. For example, W-I-K-I indicates

207-434: Is the sub-district of a district, similarly, Nayabat is the sub-tehsil of a tehsil. Gloss (annotation) A gloss is a brief notation, especially a marginal or interlinear one, of the meaning of a word or wording in a text. It may be in the language of the text or in the reader's language if that is different. A collection of glosses is a glossary . A collection of medieval legal glosses, made by glossators ,

230-704: The Latin Vulgate Bible in an early form of one of the Romance languages , and as such give insight into late Vulgar Latin at a time when that language was not often written down. A series of glosses in the Old English language to Latin Bibles give us a running translation of Biblical texts in that language; see Old English Bible translations . Glosses of Christian religious texts are also important for our knowledge of Old Irish . Glosses frequently shed valuable light on

253-465: The block development officer and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area. Although they may on occasion share the same area with a subdivision of a revenue division, known as revenue blocks , the two are distinct. For example, Raipur district in Chhattisgarh state is administratively divided into 13 tehsils and 15 revenue blocks. Nevertheless,

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276-424: The constitutionality of various provisions of law. A gloss, or glosa , is a verse in traditional Iberian literature and music which follows and comments on a refrain (the " mote "). See also villancico . Glosses are of some importance in philology , especially if one language—usually, the language of the author of the gloss—has left few texts of its own. The Reichenau Glosses , for example, gloss

299-442: The district , also sometimes translated as county . In neither case is the analogy very exact. Tehsildar is the chief or key government officer of each tehsil or taluka. In some states different nomenclature like talukdar, mamledar, amaldar, mandal officer is used. In many states of India, the tehsildar functions as the executive magistrate of that tehsil. Each tehsil will have an office called tehsil office or tehsildar office at

322-738: The Scriptural text itself, in the passage known as the "three heavenly witnesses" or the Comma Johanneum , which is present in the Vulgate Latin and the third and later editions of the Greek Textus Receptus collated by Erasmus (the first two editions excluded it for lack of manuscript evidence), but is absent from all modern critical reconstructions of the New Testament text, such as Westcott and Hort , Tischendorf , and Nestle-Aland . In

345-512: The expression of gloss for poems commenting on a given other piece of poetry, often in the Spanish Décima style. Glosses were originally notes made in the margin or between the lines of a text in a classical language ; the meaning of a word or passage is explained by the gloss. As such, glosses vary in thoroughness and complexity, from simple marginal notations of words one reader found difficult or obscure, to interlinear translations of

368-443: The gram panchayats or village panchayats. These panchayats at all three levels have elected members from eligible voters of particular subdivisions. These elected members form the bodies which help the administration in policy-making, development works, and bringing grievances of the common public to the notice of the administration. Nayabat is the lower part of tehsil which have some powers like tehsil. It can be understood as tehsil

391-428: The medieval legal tradition, the glosses on Roman law and Canon law created standards of reference, so-called sedes materiae 'seat of the matter'. In common law countries, the term "judicial gloss" refers to what is considered an authoritative or "official" interpretation of a statute or regulation by a judge . Judicial glosses are often very important in avoiding contradictions between statutes, and determining

414-468: The original Greek form more closely. Glosses and other marginal notes were a primary format used in medieval Biblical theology and were studied and memorized for their own merit. Many Biblical passages came to be associated with a particular gloss, whose truth was taken to be scriptural. Indeed, in one case, it is generally reckoned that an early gloss explicating the doctrine of the Trinity made its way into

437-548: The term tehsil is commonly used in all northern states . In Maharashtra , Gujarat , Goa , Karnataka , Kerala and Tamil Nadu , taluka or taluk is more common. In Eastern India , instead of tehsils, the term Subdivision is used in Bihar , Assam , Jharkhand and West Bengal , as well as large parts of Northeast India ( Manipur , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Sikkim and Tripura ). In Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland , they are called circle . Tehsil/tahsil and taluk/taluka and

460-801: The two are often conflated. India, as a vast country, is subdivided into many states and union territories for administrative purposes. Further divisions of these states are known as districts . These districts (zila/zilla) are again divided into many subdivisions , viz tehsils or taluks. These subdivisions are again divided into gram panchayats or village panchayats. Initially, this was done for collecting land revenue and administration purposes. But now these subdivisions are governed in tandem with other departments of government like education, agriculture, irrigation, health, police, etc. The different departments of state government generally have offices at tehsil or taluk level to facilitate good governance and to provide facilities to common people easily. In India,

483-488: The variants are used as English words without further translation. Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the subcontinent , the word county has sometimes been provided as a gloss , on the basis that a tehsil, like a county, is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city, town, or village, but subordinate to a larger state or province. India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy (or more than one, at least in parts of India):

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506-482: The vocabulary of otherwise little attested languages; they are less reliable for syntax , because many times the glosses follow the word order of the original text, and translate its idioms literally. In linguistics , a simple gloss in running text may be marked by quotation marks and follow the transcription of a foreign word. Single quotes are a widely used convention. For example: A longer or more complex transcription may rely upon an interlinear gloss . Such

529-405: Was a marginal note or explanation, borrowed from French glose , which comes from medieval Latin glōsa , classical glōssa , meaning an obsolete or foreign word that needs explanation. Later, it came to mean the explanation itself. The Latin word comes from Greek γλῶσσα 'tongue, language, obsolete or foreign word'. In the 16th century, the spelling was refashioned as gloss to reflect

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