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95-535: Novo Selo ( Macedonian : Ново Село ) is a municipality in eastern North Macedonia . Novo Selo is also the name of the village where the municipal seat is found. Novo Selo means "New Village" in Macedonian and other Slavic languages . Novo Selo Municipality is part of the Southeastern statistical region . According to the 2021 North Macedonia census, this municipality has 6,972 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in
190-411: A common church for Bulgarian and Macedonian Slavs which would use a common modern Macedo-Bulgarian literary standard. The period between 1840 and 1870, saw a struggle to define the dialectal base of the common language called simply "Bulgarian", with two opposing views emerging. One ideology was to create a Bulgarian literary language based on Macedonian dialects, but such proposals were rejected by
285-422: A consonant and is conjugated as an irregular verb. The perfect tense can be formed using both to be ( сум ) and to have ( има ) as auxiliary verbs . The first form inflects the verb for person and uses a past active participle: сум видел многу работи ("I have seen a lot of things"). The latter form makes use of a clitic that agrees in number and gender with the object of the sentence and the passive participle of
380-446: A definite direct or indirect object is used, a clitic pronoun will refer to the object with the verb: Јас не му ја дадов книгата на момчето ("I did not give the book to the boy"). The direct object is a remnant of the accusative case and the indirect of the dative. Reflexive pronouns also have forms for both direct and indirect objects: себе се , себе си . Examples of personal pronouns are shown below: Relative pronouns can refer to
475-543: A grammatical aspect ( глаголски вид ) that is a typical feature of Slavic languages . Verbs can be divided into imperfective ( несвршени ) and perfective ( свршени ) indicating actions whose time duration is unknown or occur repetitively or those that show an action that is finished in one moment. The former group of verbs can be subdivided into verbs which take place without interruption (e.g. Тој спие цел ден , "He sleeps all day long) or those that signify repeated actions (e.g. Ја бараше книгата но не можеше да ја најде , "He
570-419: A grammatical category which specifies the opposition of witnessed and reported actions (also known as renarration). Per this grammatical category, one can distinguish between минато определено i.e. definite past, denoting events that the speaker witnessed at a given definite time point, and минато неопределено i.e. indefinite past denoting events that did not occur at a definite time point or events reported to
665-454: A linguistic feature not found in other Slavic languages is the use of the suffix -иња to form plural of neuter nouns ending in -е : пиле - пилиња (a chick - chicks). Counted plural is used when a number or a quantifier precedes the noun; suffixes to express this type of plurality do not correspond with the regular plurality suffixes: два молива (two pencils), три листа (three leaves), неколку часа (several hours). The collective plural
760-427: A means to disambiguate between two words ( храна , food vs. рана , wound). This explains the rarity of Х in the Macedonian language. ^3 They exhibit different pronunciations depending on dialect. They are dorso-palatal stops in the standard language and are pronounced as such by some native speakers. The word stress in Macedonian is antepenultimate and dynamic (expiratory). This means that it falls on
855-604: A member of the Balkan sprachbund. This period saw the introduction of many Turkish loanwords into the language. The latter half of the 18th century saw the rise of modern literary Macedonian through the written use of Macedonian dialects referred to as "Bulgarian" by writers. The first half of the 19th century saw the rise of nationalism among the South Slavic people in the Ottoman Empire. This period saw proponents of creating
950-686: A necropolis containing burials from the Predynastic through the Late Period . A pair of small necropoleis of Theban-style rock-cut tombs started to take shape in the wadis east of Akhetaten (modern Amarna ) during the Amarna Period of the New Kingdom; while it appears that the tombs were not ultimately used for burials due to the collapse of the Amarna regime about 20 years after the foundation of Akhetaten,
1045-551: A necropolis starting in the 4th century. The Municipality of Novo Selo hosts a cultural institution called the Jane Sandanski House of Culture . The House of Culture has operated for twenty years and provides the community with cultural activities, along with presentations, in the areas of painting, drama, theatre and music, literature, and education. The St. George's Day Meetings have a tradition lasting several years, and they take place every year on May 5, one day before
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#17328690963421140-465: A non-paired voiceless fricative, nine pairs of voiced and unvoiced consonants and four pairs of stops . Out of all the Slavic languages, Macedonian has the most frequent occurrence of vowels relative to consonants with a typical Macedonian sentence having on average 1.18 consonants for every one vowel. The Macedonian language contains 5 vowels which are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/. For the pronunciation of
1235-883: A perfect tense formed by means of an auxiliary verb "to have", followed by a past participle in the neuter , also known as the verbal adjective . Other features that are only found in Macedonian and not in other Slavic languages include the antepenultimate accent and the use of the same vocal ending for all verbs in first person, present simple ( глед- a -м , јад- а -м , скок- а -м ). Macedonian distinguishes at least 12 major word classes , five of which are modifiable and include nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numbers and verbs and seven of which are invariant and include adverbs , prepositions, conjunctions , interjections , particles and modal words . Macedonian nouns ( именки ) belong to one of three genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter) and are inflected for number (singular and plural), and marginally for case . The gender opposition
1330-455: A person ( кој, која, кое - who), objects ( што - which) or serve as indicators of possession ( чиј, чија, чие - whose) in the function of a question or a relative word. These pronouns are inflected for gender and number and other word forms can be derived from them ( никој - nobody, нешто - something, сечиј - everybody's). There are three groups of demonstrative pronouns that can indicate proximate ( овој - this one (mas.)), distal ( онаа -
1425-440: A person. Adjectives accompany nouns and serve to provide additional information about their referents. Macedonian adjectives agree in form with the noun they modify and are thus inflected for gender, number and definiteness and убав changes to убава ( убава жена , a beautiful woman) when used to describe a feminine noun, убаво when used to describe a neuter noun ( убаво дете , a beautiful child) and убави when used to form
1520-500: A set of three deictic articles: unspecified, proximal and distal definite article). Macedonian, Bulgarian and Albanian are the only Indo-European languages that make use of the narrative mood . According to Chambers and Trudgill , the question whether Bulgarian and Macedonian are distinct languages or dialects of a single language cannot be resolved on a purely linguistic basis, but should rather take into account sociolinguistic criteria, i.e., ethnic and linguistic identity. This view
1615-419: A short personal pronoun is added: Тоj легна ("He laid down") vs. Тоj го легна детето ("He laid the child down"). Additionally, verbs which are expressed with the reflexive pronoun се can become transitive by using any of the contracted pronoun forms for the direct object: Тој се смее - He is laughing, vs. Тој ме смее - "He is making me laugh"). Some verbs such as sleep or die do not traditionally have
1710-650: Is Old Church Slavonic . During much of its history, this dialect continuum was called "Bulgarian", although in the late 19th century, its western dialects came to be known separately as "Macedonian". Standard Macedonian was codified in 1945 and has developed modern literature since. As it is part of a dialect continuum with other South Slavic languages , Macedonian has a high degree of mutual intelligibility with Bulgarian and varieties of Serbo-Croatian . Linguists distinguish 29 dialects of Macedonian , with linguistic differences separating Western and Eastern groups of dialects. Some features of Macedonian grammar are
1805-779: Is Bulgarian followed by Serbo-Croatian and Slovene , although the last is more distantly related. Together, South Slavic languages form a dialect continuum . Macedonian, like the other Eastern South Slavic idioms has characteristics that make it part of the Balkan sprachbund , a group of languages that share typological , grammatical and lexical features based on areal convergence, rather than genetic proximity. In that sense, Macedonian has experienced convergent evolution with other languages that belong to this group such as Greek, Aromanian , Albanian and Romani due to cultural and linguistic exchanges that occurred primarily through oral communication. Macedonian and Bulgarian are divergent from
1900-474: Is added as a suffix to nouns. An individual feature of the Macedonian language is the use of three definite articles, inflected for gender and related to the position of the object, which can be unspecified, proximate or distal. Proper nouns are per definition definite and are not usually used together with an article, although exceptions exist in the spoken and literary language such as Совче то , Маре то , Наде то to demonstrate feelings of endearment to
1995-504: Is an Eastern South Slavic language. It is part of the Indo-European language family , and is one of the Slavic languages , which are part of a larger Balto-Slavic branch . Spoken as a first language by around 1.6 million people, it serves as the official language of North Macedonia . Most speakers can be found in the country and its diaspora , with a smaller number of speakers throughout
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#17328690963422090-551: Is avoided by some speakers who strive for a clear, formal pronunciation. ^2 Inherited Slavic /x/ was lost in the Western dialects of Macedonian on which the standard is based, having become zero initially and mostly /v/ otherwise. /x/ became part of the standard language through the introduction of new foreign words (e.g. хотел , hotel), toponyms ( Пехчево , Pehčevo ), words originating from Old Church Slavonic ( дух , ghost), newly formed words ( доход , income) and as
2185-658: Is characterized by 46–47 phonetic and grammatical isoglosses. In addition, a more detailed classification can be based on the modern reflexes of the Proto-Slavic reduced vowels ( yers ), vocalic sonorants, and the back nasal *ǫ. That classification distinguishes between the following 6 groups: The phonological system of Standard Macedonian is based on the Prilep-Bitola dialect. Macedonian possesses five vowels , one semivowel , three liquid consonants , three nasal stops , three pairs of fricatives , two pairs of affricates ,
2280-534: Is found at the foot of the Belasica Mountain at an elevation of 330 m (1,083 ft) in the immediate vicinity of the village of Mokrino. Clear mountain water springs from the roots of the hundred-year-old trees at a capacity of sixty litres a second. The archeological site, “Crveno Pole” or “Red Field” is located 15 km north of the Municipal center of Novo Selo , 8.5 km (5.3 mi) north of
2375-417: Is generally fixed and falls on the antepenultimate syllable while Eastern dialects have non-fixed stress systems that can fall on any syllable of the word, that is also reminiscent of Bulgarian dialects. Additionally, Eastern dialects are distinguishable by their fast tonality, elision of sounds and the suffixes for definiteness. The Northern dialectal group is close to South Serbian and Torlakian dialects and
2470-452: Is markedly analytic in comparison with other Slavic languages, having lost the common Slavic case system . The Macedonian language shows some special and, in some cases, unique characteristics due to its central position in the Balkans. Literary Macedonian is the only South Slavic literary language that has three forms of the definite article, based on the degree of proximity to the speaker, and
2565-592: Is no vocative case in neuter nouns. The role of the vocative is only facultative and there is a general tendency of vocative loss in the language since its use is considered impolite and dialectal. The vocative can also be expressed by changing the tone. There are three different types of plural: regular, counted and collective . The first plural type is most common and used to indicate regular plurality of nouns: маж - мажи (a man - men), маса - маси (a table - table), село - села (a village - villages). There are various suffixes that are used and they differ per gender;
2660-479: Is not distinctively marked in the plural. Masculine nouns usually end in a consonant or a vowel ( -a , -o or -e ) and neuter nouns end in a vowel ( -o or -e ). Virtually all feminine nouns end in the same vowel, -a . The vocative of nouns is the only remaining case in the Macedonian language and is used to address a person directly. The vocative case always ends with a vowel, which can be either an -у ( јунаку : hero vocative) or an -e ( човече : man vocative) to
2755-542: Is often realized phonetically as [aː] ; e.g. ⟨саат⟩ /saat/ [saːt] ' colloq. hour', ⟨змии⟩ - snakes. In other words, two vowels appearing next to each other can also be pronounced twice separately (e.g. пооди - to walk). The consonant inventory of the Macedonian language consists of 26 letters and distinguishes three groups of consonants ( согласки ): voiced ( звучни ), voiceless ( безвучни ) and sonorant consonants ( сонорни ). Typical features and rules that apply to consonants in
2850-451: Is phonemic in many dialects (varying in closeness to [ ʌ ] or [ ɨ ] ) but its use in the standard language is marginal. When writing a dialectal word and keeping the schwa for aesthetic effect, an apostrophe is used; for example, ⟨к’смет⟩ , ⟨с’нце⟩ , etc. When spelling words letter-by-letters, each consonant is followed by the schwa sound. The individual letters of acronyms are pronounced with
2945-641: Is situated today. During the reign of the Ottoman Empire, Manus Georgiev Turnovski and Ivan Iliev Ajdinski were famous leaders from Novo Selo. On 6 April 1941, at the time of the Second World War , Novo Selo was conquered by the German Army. According to the agreement of alliance that Germany had with Bulgaria, Novo Selo was under the occupation of the Bulgarian Army. During the February Expedition,
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3040-644: Is supported by Jouko Lindstedt , who has suggested the reflex of the back yer as a potential boundary if the application of purely linguistic criteria were possible. As for the Slavic dialects of Greece , Trudgill classifies the dialects in the east Greek Macedonia as part of the Bulgarian language area and the rest as Macedonian dialects . According to Riki van Boeschoten , dialects in eastern Greek Macedonia (around Serres and Drama ) are closest to Bulgarian, those in western Greek Macedonia (around Florina and Kastoria ) are closest to Macedonian, while those in
3135-421: Is the same as of all other modern Slavic languages , i.e. of the subject-verb-object (SVO) type and has flexible word order . Macedonian vocabulary has been historically influenced by Turkish and Russian . Somewhat less prominent vocabulary influences also came from neighboring and prestige languages . The international consensus outside of Bulgaria is that Macedonian is an autonomous language within
3230-837: Is the smartest girl in her class). The only adjective with an irregular comparative and superlative form is многу which becomes повеќе in the comparative and најмногу in the superlative form. Another modification of adjectives is the use of the prefixes при- and пре- which can also be used as a form of comparison: престар човек (a very old man) or пристар човек (a somewhat old man). Three types of pronouns can be distinguished in Macedonian: personal ( лични ), relative ( лично-предметни ) and demonstrative ( показни ). Case relations are marked in pronouns. Personal pronouns in Macedonian appear in three genders and both in singular and plural. They can also appear either as direct or indirect object in long or short forms. Depending on whether
3325-418: Is thought to be Elamite in origin. The depiction is part of a larger image, most of which was removed at the command of Bahram II . Four tombs belonging to Achaemenid kings are carved out of the rock face at a considerable height above the ground. The tombs are known locally as the " Persian crosses ", after the shape of the facades of the tombs. Later, Sassanian kings added a series of rock reliefs below
3420-431: Is unknown due to the policies of neighboring countries and emigration of the population, estimates ranging between 1.4 million and 3.5 million have been reported. According to the 2002 census, the total population of North Macedonia was 2,022,547, with 1,344,815 citizens declaring Macedonian their native language . Macedonian is also studied and spoken to various degrees as a second language by all ethnic minorities in
3515-423: Is used for nouns that can be viewed as a single unit: лисје (a pile of leaves), ридје (a unit of hills). Irregular plural forms also exist in the language: дете - деца (child - children). A characteristic feature of the nominal system is the indication of definiteness . As with other Slavic languages, there is no indefinite article in Macedonian. The definite article in Macedonian is postpositive, i.e. it
3610-567: The Bulgarian Empire and was referred to as such due to works of the Ohrid Literary School . Towards the end of the 13th century, the influence of Serbian increased as Serbia expanded its borders southward. During the five centuries of Ottoman rule , from the 15th to the 20th century, the vernacular spoken in the territory of current-day North Macedonia witnessed grammatical and linguistic changes that came to characterize Macedonian as
3705-545: The Baba River in the heart of the Belasica Mountain , surrounded by maple trees and stone cliffs. The water of this waterfall falls from the height of 16 m (52 ft). The Smolare Waterfall is found above the village of Smolare, at an elevation of 630 m (2,067 ft), located deep in the Belasica Mountain where the Lomnica River springs from among the hundred-year-old beech wood trees. The water falls from
3800-509: The Bulgarian codifiers. That period saw poetry written in the Struga dialect with elements from Russian . Textbooks also used either spoken dialectal forms of the language or a mixed Macedo-Bulgarian language. Subsequently, proponents of the idea of using a separate Macedonian language emerged. Krste Petkov Misirkov 's book Za makedonckite raboti ( On Macedonian Matters ) published in 1903,
3895-516: The Eastern South Slavic dialect continuum, although since Macedonian and Bulgarian are mutually intelligible and are socio-historically related, a small minority of linguists are divided in their views of the two as separate languages or as a single pluricentric language . 5 May, the day when the government of Yugoslav Macedonia adopted the Macedonian alphabet as the official script of
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3990-1009: The Macedonian language include assimilation of voiced and voiceless consonants when next to each other, devoicing of vocal consonants when at the end of a word, double consonants and elision. At morpheme boundaries (represented in spelling) and at the end of a word (not represented in spelling), voicing opposition is neutralized . ^1 The alveolar trill ( /r/ ) is syllabic between two consonants; for example, ⟨прст⟩ [ˈpr̩st] 'finger'. The dental nasal ( /n/ ) and dental lateral ( /ɫ/ ) are also syllabic in certain foreign words; e.g. ⟨њутн⟩ [ˈɲutn̩] ' newton ', ⟨Попокатепетл⟩ [pɔpɔkaˈtɛpɛtɫ̩] ' Popocatépetl ', etc. The labiodental nasal [ɱ] occurs as an allophone of /m/ before /f/ and /v/ (e.g. ⟨трамвај⟩ [ˈtraɱvaj] ' tram '). The velar nasal [ŋ] similarly occurs as an allophone of /n/ before /k/ and /ɡ/ (e.g. ⟨англиски⟩ [ˈaŋɡliski] 'English'). The latter realization
4085-503: The Prophet will protect them from evil during the whole year. On the day of the Christian festival St. Petka’s Day (October 27) in the eponymous monastery in the village of Bajkovo, there is a nationwide gathering. On this day, the monastery organises lunch for all the visitors as a tribute to St. Petka . There are people from the whole country at this gathering who come to pay tribute to
4180-862: The Saint. On June 6, as a tribute to the writer Vidoe Podgorec , the traditional meeting under the maple trees is organized in his birthplace, Koleshino. A number of writers from the whole country come to the Meeting, when excerpts from the works of the author are read. The Meeting is organized by the Grigor Prlicev Primary School from Koleshino. 41°25′N 22°52′E / 41.42°N 22.87°E / 41.42; 22.87 Macedonian language Macedonian ( / ˌ m æ s ɪ ˈ d oʊ n i ə n / MASS -ih- DOH -nee-ən ; македонски јазик , translit. makedonski jazik , pronounced [maˈkɛdɔnski ˈjazik] )
4275-467: The ancient Greek world however. Sparta was notable for continuing the practice of burial within the city. Naqsh-e Rostam is an ancient necropolis located about 12 km (7.5 mi) northwest of Persepolis , in Fars Province, Iran . The oldest relief at Naqsh-i Rustam dates to c. 1000 BC . Though it is severely damaged, it depicts a faint image of a man with unusual headgear and
4370-545: The centre ( Edessa and Salonica ) are intermediate between the two. The Slavic people who settled in the Balkans during the 6th century CE, spoke their own dialects and used different dialects or languages to communicate with other people. The "canonical" Old Church Slavonic period of the development of Macedonian started during the 9th century and lasted until the first half of the 11th century. It saw translation of Greek religious texts. The Macedonian recension of Old Church Slavonic also appeared around that period in
4465-472: The city. In Mycenae , for example, the royal tombs were located in a precinct within the city walls. The way the large stones fit together so perfectly in the round shape of the underground tomb is one of the most amazing building achievements of the Mycenaean Age. This changed during the ancient Greek period when necropoleis usually lined the roads outside a city. There existed some degree of variation within
4560-467: The country and within the region of Macedonia , including Pirin Macedonia into Bulgaria and Aegean Macedonia into Greece. Variations in consonant pronunciation occur between the two groups, with most Western regions losing the /x/ and the /v/ in intervocalic position ( глава (head): /ɡlava/ = /ɡla/: глави (heads): /ɡlavi/ = /ɡlaj/) while Eastern dialects preserve it. Stress in the Western dialects
4655-634: The country. Outside North Macedonia, there are small ethnic Macedonian minorities that speak Macedonian in neighboring countries including 4.697 in Albania (1989 census), 1,609 in Bulgaria (2011 census) and 12,706 in Serbia (2011 census). The exact number of speakers of Macedonian in Greece is difficult to ascertain due to the country's policies. Estimates of Slavophones ranging anywhere between 50,000 and 300,000 in
4750-721: The early Dynastic period) and tombs and graveyards for lesser personages. Almost as well-known as Giza is the Theban Necropolis , on the west bank of the Nile at Thebes (modern Luxor ). This necropolis is known for the rock-cut tombs of the Valley of the Kings , the Valley of the Queens , and the various tombs of nobles and others from the New Kingdom onward. The Theban Necropolis is home to some of
4845-585: The few Ancient Egyptian tombs that remained essentially intact until discovery by modern archaeologists, including the Tomb of Tutankhamun and the Tomb of Kha and Merit . Other ancient Egyptian necropoleis of note are the necropolis of Saqqara , home to the Step Pyramid of Djoser and other royal burials; the necropolis of Dahshur , site of the Red Pyramid of Sneferu , the oldest "true" pyramid; and Abydos , site of
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#17328690963424940-491: The first Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM) meeting, Macedonian was declared an official language. With this, it became the last of the major Slavic languages to achieve a standard literary form. As such, Macedonian served as one of the three official languages of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1991. Although the precise number of native and second language speakers of Macedonian
5035-502: The future can be formed by either adding the negation particle at the beginning не ќе одам (I will not go) or using the construction нема да ( нема да одам ). There is no difference in meaning, although the latter form is more commonly used in spoken language. Another future tense is future in the past which is formed using the clitic ќе and the past tense of the verb inflected for person, таа ќе заминеше ("she would have left"). Similar to other Slavic languages, Macedonian verbs have
5130-457: The graves on the surface of the earth. Burial in this necropolis started in 100 A.D. and lasted until the end of the 300 A.D. Fifty meters west of the Lizard Hill necropolis, there is the remains of another necropolis with different burial rituals, named Spasov’s Hill . The graves here were dug in the rock and the same rock was used to entomb the sites with a stone plate. This place was used as
5225-470: The great Christian festival St. George's Day , when most of the settlements from the Municipality of Novo Selo have village family feasts. There is also a parade of national costumes and folk-dancing group competition on this day. After the parade, the folk-dancing groups, having their own repertoire, perform in front of an audience. Ensembles from the all over North Macedonia attend these Meetings, and in
5320-466: The ground. While the word is most commonly used for ancient sites, the name was revived in the early 19th century and applied to planned city cemeteries, such as the Glasgow Necropolis . Ancient Egypt is noted for multiple necropoleis. Ancient Egyptian funerary practices and beliefs about the afterlife led to the construction of several extensive necropoleis to secure and provision the dead in
5415-479: The height of 36 m (118 ft), the tallest in the country. A pedestrian path was constructed in May 2003 to make the waterfall accessible to visitors. It is 580 m (1,903 ft) long, and has 300 stairs built from local stone, one small wooden bridge and one gazebo with a span of 16.5 m (54 ft). Along the whole length of the path there is a wooden fence built from the local materials. Mokrino Springs
5510-683: The hereafter. These necropoleis are therefore major archaeological sites for Egyptology . Probably the best-known ancient Egyptian necropolis is the Giza Necropolis . Made famous by the Great Pyramid of Giza , which was included in the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World , the necropolis includes three major pyramid tombs of Old Kingdom kings and several smaller pyramids related to the royal burials, as well as mastabas (a typical royal tomb of
5605-587: The language are found at universities across Europe ( France , Germany , Austria , Italy , Russia ) as well as Australia, Canada and the United States ( Chicago and North Carolina ). During the standardization process of the Macedonian language, the dialectal base selected was primarily based on the West-Central dialects, which spans the triangle of the communities Makedonski Brod , Kičevo , Demir Hisar , Bitola , Prilep , and Veles . These were considered
5700-680: The last decade of the 20th century have been reported. Approximately 580,000 Macedonians live outside North Macedonia per 1964 estimates with Australia , Canada , and the United States being home to the largest emigrant communities. Consequently, the number of speakers of Macedonian in these countries include 66,020 (2016 census), 15,605 (2016 census) and 22,885 (2010 census), respectively. Macedonian also has more than 50,000 native speakers in countries of Western Europe , predominantly in Germany , Switzerland and Italy . The Macedonian language has
5795-474: The middle vowels / е / and / о / by native Macedonian speakers, various vowel sounds can be produced ranging from [ɛ] to [ẹ] and from [o] to [ọ]. Unstressed vowels are not reduced , although they are pronounced more weakly and shortly than stressed ones, especially if they are found in a stressed syllable. The five vowels and the letter р (/r/) which acts as a vowel when found between two consonants (e.g. црква , "church"), can be syllable-forming. The schwa
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#17328690963425890-625: The most widespread and most likely to be adopted by speakers from other regions. The initial idea to select this region as a base was first proposed in Krste Petkov Misirkov's works as he believed the Macedonian language should abstract on those dialects that are distinct from neighboring Slavic languages, such as Bulgarian and Serbian. Based on a large group of features, Macedonian dialects can be divided into Eastern, Western and Northern groups. The boundary between them geographically runs approximately from Skopje and Skopska Crna Gora along
5985-477: The municipality include: The fertile soil, mild temperate climate and abundance of water and forest have offered favourable conditions for food and settlement of people since the ancient times. According to the historic evidence, it is believed that ever since the 5th century B.C. this region was inhabited by the Tracian (Peon) Tribes, and from their name, the region itself was called Paeonia. During these centuries, at
6080-832: The one there (fem.)) and unspecific ( тоа - that one (neut.)) objects. These pronouns have served as a basis for the definite article. Macedonian verbs agree with the subject in person (first, second or third) and number (singular or plural). Some dependent verb constructions ( нелични глаголски форми ) such as verbal adjectives ( глаголска придавка : плетен/плетена ), verbal l-form ( глаголска л-форма : играл/играла ) and verbal noun ( глаголска именка : плетење ) also demonstrate gender. There are several other grammatical categories typical of Macedonian verbs, namely type, transitiveness, mood, superordinate aspect (imperfective/perfective aspect ). Verb forms can also be classified as simple, with eight possible verb constructions or complex with ten possible constructions. Macedonian has developed
6175-484: The partisan troops, led by Mihajlo Apostoloski , crossed the Ograzden Mountain , collided with the German Army in the “Kitka” locality, and succeeded in breaking through the enclosure. Then they proceeded through the village of Novo Konjarevo and the Belasica Mountain . On 10 September 1944 the Bulgarian Army left Novo Selo. The Koleshino Waterfall can be found at an elevation of 610 m (2,001 ft), on
6270-614: The past few years, they have become international since groups from the neighboring countries attend place as well. The Meetings are under the patronage of the Mayor of the Municipality of Novo Selo and are organised by the Jane Sandanski House of Culture from Novo Selo. On the day of the Macedonian holiday Ilinden (August 2), the centuries-old tradition of the Ilinden Meetings take place every year. These Meetings are organised in
6365-452: The plural ( убави мажи, убави жени, убави деца ). Adjectives can be analytically inflected for degree of comparison with the prefix по- marking the comparative and the prefix нај- marking the superlative . Both prefixes cannot be written separately from the adjective: Марија е паметна девојка (Marija is a smart girl), Марија е попаметна од Сара (Marija is smarter than Sara), Марија е најпаметната девојка во нејзиниот клас (Marija
6460-626: The property of being transitive. Necropolis A necropolis ( pl. : necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli ) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις nekropolis ( lit. ' city of the dead ' ). The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distance from a city, as opposed to tombs within cities, which were common in various places and periods of history. They are different from grave fields , which did not have structures or markers above
6555-435: The remaining South Slavic languages in that they do not use noun cases (except for the vocative , and apart from some traces of once productive inflections still found scattered throughout these two) and have lost the infinitive . They are also the only Slavic languages with any definite articles (unlike standard Bulgarian, which uses only one article, standard Macedonian as well as some south-eastern Bulgarian dialects have
6650-549: The republic, is marked as Macedonian Language Day . This is a working holiday , declared as such by the government of North Macedonia in 2019. Macedonian belongs to the eastern group of the South Slavic branch of Slavic languages in the Indo-European language family, together with Bulgarian and the extinct Old Church Slavonic . Some authors also classify the Torlakian dialects in this group. Macedonian's closest relative
6745-414: The rivers Vardar and Crna . There are numerous isoglosses between these dialectal variations, with structural differences in phonetics, prosody (accentuation), morphology and syntax. The Western group of dialects can be subdivided into smaller dialectal territories, the largest group of which includes the central dialects. The linguistic territory where Macedonian dialects were spoken also span outside
6840-416: The root of masculine nouns. For feminine nouns, the most common final vowel ending in the vocative is -o ( душо , sweetheart vocative; жено , wife vocative). The final suffix -e can be used in the following cases: three or polysyllabic words with the ending -ица ( мајчице , mother vocative), female given names that end with -ка : Ратка becomes Ратке and -ја : Марија becomes Марије or Маријо . There
6935-439: The same rules ( не‿му‿јá‿даде , did not give it to him; не‿ќé‿дојде , he will not come). Other uses include the imperative form accompanied by short pronoun forms ( дáј‿ми : give me), the expression of possessives ( мáјка‿ми ), prepositions followed by a noun ( зáд‿врата ), question words followed by verbs ( когá‿дојде ) and some compound nouns ( сувó‿грозје - raisins, киселó‿млеко - yoghurt) among others. Macedonian grammar
7030-548: The same stress. Linking is a common feature of the Macedonian language. This linguistic phenomenon is called акцентска целост and is denoted with a spacing tie ( ‿ ) sign. Several words are taken as a single unit and thus follow the rules of the stress falling on the antepenultimate syllable. The rule applies when using clitics (either enclitics or proclitics) such as the negating particle не with verbs ( тој нé‿дојде , he did not come) and with short pronoun forms. The future particle ќе can also be used in-between and falls under
7125-460: The schwa in the same way: ⟨ МПЦ ⟩ ( [mə.pə.t͡sə] ). The lexicalized acronyms ⟨ СССР ⟩ ( [ɛs.ɛs.ɛs.ɛr] ) and ⟨МТ⟩ ( [ɛm.tɛ] ) (a brand of cigarettes), are among the few exceptions. Vowel length is not phonemic. Vowels in stressed open syllables in disyllabic words with stress on the penultimate can be realized as long, e.g. ⟨Велес⟩ [ˈvɛːlɛs] ' Veles '. The sequence /aa/
7220-476: The settlement is the location of Gradishte . On the top of a hill, that has steep and inaccessible cliffs, lies the remains of a “castrum,” a defensive fort to provide protection to the citizens in case of danger. Remains of the foundation reveal the massive fortification of the structure. A necropolis is positioned on the first hill from the southeast. It is known by the local citizens as “Goosharova Chookarka” , which means “Lizard Hill” . Stone crowns mark
7315-559: The south of Peonia, the ancient Macedonian country was founded and started the expansion to the north. This country flourished during the reign of Philip and Alexander the Great . In the period from the 5th to 7th centuries, the region was inhabited by the Slavs from the Strumjani Tribe. They were frequently attacked by other aggressor tribes, and as a result of the continuous attacks, Novo Selo
7410-407: The southern part named Papri . Janina Cheshma is located in the western part of the settlement with a rectangular shape oriented north-south and measuring 4.5 by 3.5 m (15 by 11 ft). The tap was used from the 1st to 3rd centuries. Papri has two archeological objects. The first object is located on the southern part of the settlement. It is the remains of a foundation from a building that
7505-435: The speaker, excluding the time component in the latter case. Examples: Но, потоа се случија работи за кои не знаев ("But then things happened that I did not know about") vs. Ми кажаа дека потоа се случиле работи за кои не знаев ("They told me that after, things happened that I did not know about"). The present tense in Macedonian is formed by adding a suffix to the verb stem which is inflected per person, form and number of
7600-549: The status of an official language only in North Macedonia, and is a recognized minority and official language in parts of Albania ( Pustec ), Romania , Serbia ( Jabuka and Plandište ) and Bosnia and Herzegovina . There are provisions to learn Macedonian in Romania as Macedonians are an officially recognized minority group. Macedonian is studied and taught at various universities across the world and research centers focusing on
7695-401: The subject. Macedonian verbs are conventionally divided into three main conjugations according to the thematic vowel used in the citation form (i.e. 3p - pres - sg ). These groups are: a -group, e -group and и -group. Furthermore, the и -subgroup is divided into three more subgroups: а- , е- and и- subgroups. The verb сум (to be) is the only exception to the rule as it ends with
7790-540: The third from last syllable in words with three or more syllables, and on the first or only syllable in other words. This is sometimes disregarded when the word has entered the language more recently or from a foreign source. To note which syllable of the word should be accented, Macedonian uses an apostrophe over its vowels. Disyllabic words are stressed on the second-to-last syllable: дéте ( [ˈdɛtɛ] : child), мáјка ( [ˈmajka] : mother) and тáтко ( [ˈtatkɔ] : father). Trisyllabic and polysyllabic words are stressed on
7885-673: The third-to-last syllable: плáнина ( [ˈpɫanina] : mountain) планѝната ( [pɫaˈninata] : the mountain) планинáрите ( [pɫaniˈnaritɛ] : the mountaineers). There are several exceptions to the rule and they include: verbal adverbs (i.e. words suffixed with -ќи ): e.g. викáјќи ( [viˈkajci] : shouting), одéјќи ( [ɔˈdɛjci] : walking); adverbs of time: годинáва ( [godiˈnava] : this year), летóво ( [leˈtovo] : this summer); foreign loanwords : e.g. клишé ( [kliˈʃɛ:] cliché), генéза ( [ɡɛˈnɛza] genesis), литератýра ( [litɛraˈtura] : literature), Алексáндар ( [alɛkˈsandar] , Alexander ). Linking occurs when two or more words are pronounced with
7980-471: The tomb decorations provide much information about that era of ancient Egyptian history. The Etruscans took the concept of a "city of the dead" quite literally. The typical tomb at the Banditaccia necropolis at Cerveteri consists of a tumulus which covers one or more rock-cut subterranean tombs. These tombs had multiple chambers and were elaborately decorated like contemporary houses. The arrangement of
8075-544: The tombs. The site of Bin Tepe served as a necropolis for Sardis , the capital of the Lydian Empire . It consists of over 100 tumuli including the monumental Tumulus of Alyattes which was commented on by ancient writers including Herodotus and still marks the landscape today. Though Lydian elites also used other burial styles, tumuli are so numerous throughout Lydia that they are used to track settlement patterns. The style
8170-455: The transnational region of Macedonia . Macedonian is also a recognized minority language in parts of Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Romania , and Serbia and it is spoken by expatriate communities predominantly in Australia , Canada , and the United States . Macedonian developed out of the western dialects of the Eastern South Slavic dialect continuum , whose earliest recorded form
8265-483: The tumuli in a grid of streets gave it an appearance similar to the cities of the living. The art historian Nigel Spivey considers the name cemetery inadequate and argues that only the term necropolis can do justice to these sophisticated burial sites. Etruscan necropoli were usually located on hills or slopes of hills. In the Mycenean Greek period predating ancient Greece , burials could be performed inside
8360-475: The use of a dynamic stress that falls on the ante-penultimate syllable, three suffixed deictic articles that indicate noun position in reference to the speaker and the use of simple and complex verb tenses . Macedonian orthography is phonemic with a correspondence of one grapheme per phoneme . It is written using an adapted 31-letter version of the Cyrillic script with six original letters. Macedonian syntax
8455-425: The verb in its uninflected form ( го имам гледано филмот , "I have seen that movie"). Another past form, the aorist is used to describe actions that have finished at a given moment in the past: одев ("I walked"), скокаа ("they jumped"). Future forms of verbs are conjugated using the particle ќе followed by the verb conjugated in present tense, ќе одам (I will go). The construction used to express negation in
8550-433: The village Barbarevo. It is high in the Ograzden Mountain at an elevation of 1,200 m (3,937 ft). On a plateau in the center of Red Field, there is a dispersed settlement. On the field of a few hectares there are found a few objects revealing the life and local economy of the ancient residents. The Belogasica River divides the settlement into two parts, the northern part named Janina Cheshma , (“Jane’s Tap”) and
8645-740: The village of Mokrino, situated in the heart of the Belasica Mountain under the hundred-year-old maple trees at the site of the Mokrino Springs. On the day of the Meetings, the people, who once lived in Mokrino, come back home in order to be there for the event. On the same day, the Council of the Village makes a sacrifice as a tribute to the Prophet St. Ilija , and the inhabitants believe that by making this sacrifice,
8740-438: Was constructed on a rock shelf. The foundation was made with stone and earth. The outdoor site surrounding the foundation has the remains of additional walls. The second object was built from stone and mud walls, using the construction technique “opus incertum.” Both objects were built on the rock and they follow the curve of the rock to the south. They are anchored in the rock, and therefore they are very stable. Southeast of
8835-607: Was looking for the book but he could not find it"). Perfective verbs are usually formed by adding prefixes to the stem of the verb, depending on which, they can express actions that took place in one moment ( чукна , "knocked"), actions that have just begun ( запеа , "start to sing"), actions that have ended ( прочита , "read") or partial actions that last for short periods of time ( поработи , "worked"). The contrast between transitive and intransitive verbs can be expressed analytically or syntactically and virtually all verbs denoting actions performed by living beings can become transitive if
8930-412: Was often forced to change its location. The first name of the settlement that can be found is “Volčji Dol,” after which the name “Selište” followed. It was named Yeniköy during Ottoman rule. Towards the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century, during the period when the Ottoman Empire began to weaken, there was another movement to the location where Yeniköy ("New Village" for Turkish)
9025-475: Was the first attempt to formalize a separate literary language. With the book, the author proposed a Macedonian grammar and expressed the goal of codifying the language and using it in schools. The author postulated the principle that the Prilep-Bitola dialect be used as a dialectal basis for the formation of the Macedonian standard language; his idea however was not adopted until the 1940s. On 2 August 1944 at
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