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86-606: Vadym Novynskyi ( Ukrainian : Вадим Новинський ; born 3 June 1963) is a Ukrainian (before May 2012 – a Russian) businessman, priest and former politician of Armenian descent. He is the owner of the Ukrainian Smart Holding Group with an estimated net worth of $ 1.9 billion in March 2013. He is also a protodeacon as part of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOCMP). As of 2023 he

172-414: A weak yer vowel that would eventually disappear completely, for example Old East Slavic котъ /kɔtə/ > Ukrainian кіт /kit/ 'cat' (via transitional stages such as /koˑtə̆/, /kuˑt(ə̆)/, /kyˑt/ or similar) or Old East Slavic печь /pʲɛtʃʲə/ > Ukrainian піч /pitʃ/ 'oven' (via transitional stages such as /pʲeˑtʃʲə̆/, /pʲiˑtʃʲ/ or similar). This raising and other phonological developments of the time, such as

258-610: A body of national literature, institute a Ukrainian-language educational system, and form an independent state (the Ukrainian People's Republic , shortly joined by the West Ukrainian People's Republic ). During this brief independent statehood the stature and use of Ukrainian greatly improved. In the Russian Empire Census of 1897 the following picture emerged, with Ukrainian being the second most spoken language of

344-656: A garage of 51 m². Novinsky has UAH 6,675 in his bank account; the nominal value of his abroad securities is UAH 6.7 million. The family also owns a land plot of 57,879 m², three apartments (57,171 and 184 m²), and 453 m² of other real estate. According to the NV periodical, in 2021, he gained 3rd place in the TOP-100 richest Ukrainians ranking; his fortune increased to USD 2.4 billion (a 50% increase compared to 2020). Having his fortune assessed at USD 3.5 billion in February 2022, by

430-637: A policy of defending Ukraine's interests within the Soviet Union. He proudly promoted the beauty of the Ukrainian language and developed plans to expand the role of Ukrainian in higher education. He was removed, however, after only a brief tenure, for being too lenient on Ukrainian nationalism. The new party boss from 1972 to 1989, Volodymyr Shcherbytsky , purged the local party, was fierce in suppressing dissent, and insisted Russian be spoken at all official functions, even at local levels. His policy of Russification

516-568: A residence in Saint Petersburg (Russia). The general public better known him as a Russian oligarch , who made his major fortune in the "dashing 1990s" on privatization of many Ukrainian enterprises. Previously as an independent , Novynskyi won the 7 July 2013 by-election in constituency 224 in Sevastopol (located in the southwestern region of the Crimean Peninsula ) with 53.41% with

602-555: A result of close Slavic contacts with the remnants of the Scythian and Sarmatian population north of the Black Sea , lasting into the early Middle Ages , the appearance of the voiced fricative γ/г (romanized "h"), in modern Ukrainian and some southern Russian dialects is explained by the assumption that it initially emerged in Scythian and related eastern Iranian dialects, from earlier common Proto-Indo-European *g and *gʰ . During

688-624: A self-aware Ukrainian nation would threaten the unity of the empire. In 1804 Ukrainian as a subject and language of instruction was banned from schools. In 1811, by order of the Russian government, the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was closed. In 1847 the Brotherhood of St Cyril and Methodius was terminated. The same year Taras Shevchenko was arrested, exiled for ten years, and banned for political reasons from writing and painting. In 1862 Pavlo Chubynsky

774-591: A turnout of 23.91%. Before the election Novynskyi had stated he would join the Party of Regions if he won. He did so on 5 September 2013. After the March 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia Novynskyi was banned from entering the peninsula by the Russian-appointed Crimean authorities. In the October 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election Novynskyi was again re-elected into parliament; this time after placing 11th on

860-883: A variant name of the Little Russian language . In a private letter from 1854, Taras Shevchenko lauds "our splendid Ukrainian language". Valuyev's decree from 1863 derides the "Little Russian" language throughout, but also mentions "the so-called Ukrainian language" once. In Galicia, the earliest applications of the term Ukrainian to the language were in the hyphenated names Ukrainian-Ruthenian (1866, by Paulin Święcicki ) or Ruthenian-Ukrainian (1871, by Panteleimon Kulish and Ivan Puluj ), with non-hyphenated Ukrainian language appearing shortly thereafter (in 1878, by Mykhailo Drahomanov ). A following ban on Ukrainian books led to Alexander II 's secret Ems Ukaz , which prohibited publication and importation of most Ukrainian-language books, public performances and lectures, and even banned

946-651: Is an active parishioner, patron of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC), and protodeacon of the UOC. On 23 April 2020, Metropolitan Onufry (Berezovsky), Primate of the UOC-MP, ordained Novinsky to the rank of deacon. For the first time, Novinsky served as a deacon publicly on 7 June  in the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra on the feast of Pentecost. In the media, he actively defends the Ukrainian Orthodox Church and criticises

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1032-625: Is based on the character of contemporary written sources, ultimately reflecting socio-historical developments, and he further subdivides the Middle period into three phases: Ukraine annually marks the Day of Ukrainian Writing and Language on 9 November, the Eastern Orthodox feast day of Nestor the Chronicler . The era of Kievan Rus' ( c. 880–1240) is the subject of some linguistic controversy, as

1118-465: Is more mutual intelligibility with Belarusian , and a closer lexical distance to West Slavic Polish and South Slavic Bulgarian . Ukrainian is a descendant of Old East Slavic , a language spoken in the medieval state of Kievan Rus' . In the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the language developed into Ruthenian , where it became an official language, before a process of Polonization began in

1204-544: Is referred to as "Old Ukrainian", but elsewhere, and in contemporary sources, is known as the Ruthenian language, and from the end of the 18th century to the present what in Ukraine is known as "Modern Ukrainian", but elsewhere is known as just Ukrainian. 9th Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada The 9th Verkhovna Rada's composition is based upon the results of the 21 July 2019 parliamentary election , which took place three months after

1290-652: The City of Sevastopol were not elected due to the 2014 Crimean crisis and subsequent annexation of Crimea by Russia , while a further nine constituencies in Donetsk Oblast and six constituencies in Luhansk Oblast were not elected due to the ongoing War in Donbas . Elections in these regions can only take place after Ukraine re-establishes control over these territories. Due to the 2022 full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine ,

1376-726: The Indo-European languages family, and it is spoken primarily in Ukraine . It is the first (native) language of a large majority of Ukrainians . Written Ukrainian uses the Ukrainian alphabet , a variant of the Cyrillic script . The standard language is studied by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Potebnia Institute of Linguistics . Comparisons are often made between Ukrainian and Russian , another East Slavic language, yet there

1462-620: The Kyiv Pechersk Lavra on 7 June, the Feast of Pentecost . During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , Novynskyi declared that he would remain in Ukraine and stated that there are no excuses for the Russian attack. In April 2023, Ukrainian domestic intelligence and prosecutors searched his group's offices in Kyiv on the suspicion of tax fraud and supporting Russian interests, and blocked assets worth almost 100 million US$ . By 23 April 2023, Novynskyi

1548-719: The Latin language. Much of the influence of Poland on the development of the Ukrainian language has been attributed to this period and is reflected in multiple words and constructions used in everyday Ukrainian speech that were taken from Polish or Latin. Examples of Polish words adopted from this period include zavzhdy (always; taken from old Polish word zawżdy ) and obitsiaty (to promise; taken from Polish obiecać ) and from Latin (via Polish) raptom (suddenly) and meta (aim or goal). Significant contact with Tatars and Turks resulted in many Turkic words, particularly those involving military matters and steppe industry, being adopted into

1634-557: The Novgorod Republic did not call themselves Rus ' until the 14th century; earlier Novgorodians reserved the term Rus ' for the Kiev , Pereyaslavl and Chernigov principalities. At the same time as evidenced by contemporary chronicles, the ruling princes and kings of Galicia–Volhynia and Kiev called themselves "people of Rus ' " (in foreign sources called " Ruthenians "), and Galicia–Volhynia has alternately been called

1720-613: The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . By the 18th century, Ruthenian diverged into regional variants, and the modern Ukrainian language developed in the territory of present-day Ukraine. Russification saw the Ukrainian language banned as a subject from schools and as a language of instruction in the Russian Empire , and continued in various ways in the Soviet Union . Even so, the language continued to see use throughout

1806-576: The Russian invasion of Ukraine , on 6 December 2022, and 25 January 2023, he was included in the Ukrainian sanctions list. Despite condemning the Russian invasion and allegedly actively helping Ukraine, the President's Office seized his property worth more than USD 1 billion. A week before the imposition of sanctions against him, Novynskyi, in strict accordance with Ukrainian laws, the European Union and

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1892-637: The UOCMP . As of 2023, he was active as a priest in Russian Orthodox Church of the Holy Resurrection, Zürich , Switzerland. He is one of the largest Ukrainian patrons. The Vadim Novinsky Foundation reportedly provides assistance to medical and rehabilitation centres, as one of the charitable foundations that contribute during the coronavirus pandemic and the Russo-Ukrainian War . Novynskyi

1978-399: The law of Ukraine "On protecting the functioning of the Ukrainian language as the state language" was approved by the parliament, formalizing rules governing the usage of the language and introducing penalties for violations. The literary Ukrainian language, which was preceded by Old East Slavic literature, may be subdivided into two stages: during the 12th to 18th centuries what in Ukraine

2064-425: The 11th–12th century, but started becoming more similar to them around the 13th–15th centuries. The modern Russian language hence developed from the fusion of this Novgorod dialect and the common dialect spoken by the other Kievan Rus', whereas the modern Ukrainian and Belarusian languages developed from dialects which did not differ from each other in a significant way. Ukrainian linguist Stepan Smal-Stotsky denies

2150-451: The 13th century, eastern parts of Rus (including Moscow) came under Tatar rule until their unification under the Tsardom of Muscovy , whereas the south-western areas (including Kyiv ) were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . For the following four centuries, the languages of the two regions evolved in relative isolation from each other. Direct written evidence of the existence of

2236-666: The 13th century, when German settlers were invited to Ukraine by the princes of the Kingdom of Ruthenia, German words began to appear in the language spoken in Ukraine. Their influence would continue under Poland not only through German colonists but also through the Yiddish-speaking Jews. Often such words involve trade or handicrafts. Examples of words of German or Yiddish origin spoken in Ukraine include dakh ("roof"), rura ("pipe"), rynok ("market"), kushnir ("furrier"), and majster ("master" or "craftsman"). In

2322-507: The 9th convocation. On 7 October 2021, Razumkov was removed from his position after a vote in which 284 MPs voted in favor of his dismissal. The dismissal was initiated by the ruling party Servant of the People after President Volodymyr Zelenskyy expressed disappointment in Razumkov for not supporting the party's initiatives and declaring that "he is not a member of our team anymore". Razumkov

2408-589: The Cossack motherland, Ukrajina , as a self-appellation for the nation of Ukrainians, and Ukrajins'ka mova for the language. Many writers published works in the Romantic tradition of Europe demonstrating that Ukrainian was not merely a language of the village but suitable for literary pursuits. However, in the Russian Empire expressions of Ukrainian culture and especially language were repeatedly persecuted for fear that

2494-566: The Office of the Prosecutor General could not gather enough evidence of Novynskyi's guilt. He remained a witness until the case was closed, and no formal charges were brought against him. Novynskyi is married and has four children. Ukrainian language Ukrainian ( українська мова , ukrainska mova , IPA: [ʊkrɐˈjinʲsʲkɐ ˈmɔʋɐ] ) is one of the East Slavic languages in

2580-544: The Orthodox church spoke Ruthenian. The 1654 Pereiaslav Agreement between Cossack Hetmanate and Alexis of Russia divided Ukraine between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia. During the following century, both monarchies became increasingly intolerant of Ukrainian own cultural and political aspirations. Ukrainians found themselves in a colonial situation. The Russian centre adopted

2666-559: The Polish nobility. Many Ukrainian nobles learned the Polish language and converted to Catholicism during that period in order to maintain their lofty aristocratic position. Lower classes were less affected because literacy was common only in the upper class and clergy. The latter were also under significant Polish pressure after the Union with the Catholic Church . Most of the educational system

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2752-530: The Principality or Kingdom of Ruthenia. Also according to Andrey Zaliznyak, the Novgorodian dialect differed significantly from that of other dialects of Kievan Rus during the 11th–12th century, but started becoming more similar to them around 13th–15th centuries. The modern Russian language hence developed from the fusion of this Novgorodian dialect and the common dialect spoken by the other Kievan Rus, whereas

2838-517: The Republic of Cyprus, transferred the shares of enterprises owned by him to the trust of a company registered in Cyprus. The authorities decided it was done through manipulation, thereafter annulled the agreement and reinstated Novynskyi as the registered shareholder of his enterprises. In his official statement, Novynskyi accused the authorities of raiding and persecuting him for religious reasons. Currently,

2924-552: The Russian Empire. According to the Imperial census's terminology, the Russian language ( Русскій ) was subdivided into Ukrainian (Малорусскій, ' Little Russian '), what is known as Russian today (Великорусскій, ' Great Russian '), and Belarusian (Бѣлорусскій, 'White Russian'). The following table shows the distribution of settlement by native language ( "по родному языку" ) in 1897 in Russian Empire governorates ( guberniyas ) that had more than 100,000 Ukrainian speakers. Although in

3010-674: The Smart Group company in Dnipropetrovsk . In early 1999, the Neva Holding company, created by him and partners, acquired a 77% stake in the Bulgarian metallurgical plant Promet at a privatisation tender. On 29 May 2012 Novynskyi obtained Ukrainian citizenship "for distinguished services to the country" under the order of Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych . Novynskyi lives in Kyiv . He also has

3096-460: The Soviet Union and a special term, "a language of inter-ethnic communication", was coined to denote its status. After the death of Stalin (1953), a general policy of relaxing the language policies of the past was implemented (1958 to 1963). The Khrushchev era which followed saw a policy of relatively lenient concessions to development of the languages at the local and republic level, though its results in Ukraine did not go nearly as far as those of

3182-509: The Soviet policy of Ukrainianization in the 1920s. Journals and encyclopedic publications advanced in the Ukrainian language during the Khrushchev era, as well as transfer of Crimea under Ukrainian SSR jurisdiction. Yet, the 1958 school reform that allowed parents to choose the language of primary instruction for their children, unpopular among the circles of the national intelligentsia in parts of

3268-543: The USSR, meant that non-Russian languages would slowly give way to Russian in light of the pressures of survival and advancement. The gains of the past, already largely reversed by the Stalin era, were offset by the liberal attitude towards the requirement to study the local languages (the requirement to study Russian remained). Parents were usually free to choose the language of study of their children (except in few areas where attending

3354-564: The Ukrainian language dates to the late 16th century. By the 16th century, a peculiar official language formed: a mixture of the liturgical standardised language of Old Church Slavonic , Ruthenian and Polish . The influence of the latter gradually increased relative to the former two, as the nobility and rural large-landowning class, known as the szlachta , was largely Polish-speaking. Documents soon took on many Polish characteristics superimposed on Ruthenian phonetics. Polish–Lithuanian rule and education also involved significant exposure to

3440-470: The Ukrainian language held the formal position of the principal local language in the Ukrainian SSR . However, practice was often a different story: Ukrainian always had to compete with Russian, and the attitudes of the Soviet leadership towards Ukrainian varied from encouragement and tolerance to de facto banishment. Officially, there was no state language in the Soviet Union until the very end when it

3526-465: The Ukrainian language. Examples include torba (bag) and tyutyun (tobacco). Because of the substantial number of loanwords from Polish, German, Czech and Latin, early modern vernacular Ukrainian ( prosta mova , " simple speech ") had more lexical similarity with West Slavic languages than with Russian or Church Slavonic. By the mid-17th century, the linguistic divergence between the Ukrainian and Russian languages had become so significant that there

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3612-409: The Ukrainian school might have required a long daily commute) and they often chose Russian, which reinforced the resulting Russification. In this sense, some analysts argue that it was not the "oppression" or "persecution", but rather the lack of protection against the expansion of Russian language that contributed to the relative decline of Ukrainian in the 1970s and 1980s. According to this view, it

3698-524: The activity of the largest opposition party, Opposition Platform — For Life, was suspended due to its alleged pro-Russian stance, for the duration of martial law. On 29 August 2019, the parliament elected Dmytro Razumkov from Servant of the People as the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada . On the same day, Razumkov officially announced all the names of parliamentary factions and deputy groups in parliament of

3784-593: The businessman is waiting for the consideration of cases in the European Court of Human Rights . On 8 December 2016, on the proposal of the Office of the Prosecutor General , Novynskyi was deprived of parliamentary immunity. At the time of voting, the draft resolution on bringing him to criminal liability was not published on the official website of the Verkhovna Rada as required by the Ukrainian legislation. Afterwards,

3870-407: The chancellery and gradually evolved into the Ruthenian language. Polish rule, which came later, was accompanied by a more assimilationist policy. By the 1569 Union of Lublin that formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, a significant part of Ukrainian territory was moved from Lithuanian rule to Polish administration, resulting in cultural Polonization and visible attempts to colonize Ukraine by

3956-571: The country, and remained particularly strong in Western Ukraine . Specific developments that led to a gradual change of the Old East Slavic vowel system into the system found in modern Ukrainian began approximately in the 12th/13th century (that is, still at the time of the Kievan Rus') with a lengthening and raising of the Old East Slavic mid vowels e and o when followed by a consonant and

4042-587: The electoral list of Opposition Bloc . During 2014–2019 Novynskyi was under criminal investigation for "unlawful imprisonment or kidnapping by a conspiracy" and "abuse of power or authority" for allegedly helping President Yanukovych. On 8 December 2016 parliament deprived Novynskyi of his parliamentary immunity. In the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election Novynskyi was reelected in parliament as an Opposition Bloc candidate in single-seat constituency 57 ( Donetsk Oblast ). Although his parliament seat, along with all his fellow parliamentarians, were suspended during

4128-584: The end of the year, Novynskyi lost USD 2.1 billion: in April 2023, Forbes estimated his fortune at USD 1.4 billion. On 2 December 2022, all business assets of Vadim Novinsky were transferred to the management of a trust company registered in the Republic of Cyprus. Since 2014, he has consistently supported the peaceful process in Ukraine. In the spring of 2014, he was a member of a Ukrainian delegation at talks with separatist leaders in Lugansk. In 2017—2019, he headed

4214-407: The existence of a common Old East Slavic language at any time in the past. Similar points of view were shared by Yevhen Tymchenko , Vsevolod Hantsov , Olena Kurylo , Ivan Ohienko and others. According to this theory, the dialects of East Slavic tribes evolved gradually from the common Proto-Slavic language without any intermediate stages during the 6th through 9th centuries. The Ukrainian language

4300-461: The first time, Vadym Novynskyi was included in the Forbes rating in 2008, holding the 82nd position. Later, in 2010, he was ranked 73rd with a net worth of USD 950 million. In 2011, with a fortune of USD 2.7 billion, he gained 37th place on the Forbes list of the 200 wealthiest businessmen in Russia. In the TOP-100 wealthiest Ukrainians ranking published by Korrespondent journal and the Dragon Capital investment company in November 2012, Novynskyi

4386-417: The language of much of the literature was purely or heavily Old Church Slavonic . Some theorists see an early Ukrainian stage in language development here, calling it Old Ruthenian; others term this era Old East Slavic . Russian theorists tend to amalgamate Rus' to the modern nation of Russia, and call this linguistic era Old Russian. However, according to Russian linguist Andrey Zaliznyak (2012), people from

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4472-408: The martial law in effect after Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine started . On 23 April 2020, it became known that Metropolitan Onufriy (Berezovsky) , Primate of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) , ordained Novinsky as a deacon . This was not officially reported; unofficially, the date of the ordination was 7 April. Novynskyi served as a deacon for the first time in public at

4558-416: The merger of the Old East Slavic vowel phonemes и /i/ and ы /ɨ/ into the specifically Ukrainian phoneme /ɪ ~ e/, spelled with и (in the 13th/14th centuries), and the fricativisation of the Old East Slavic consonant г /g/, probably first to /ɣ/ (in the 13th century), with /ɦ/ as a reflex in Modern Ukrainian, did not happen in Russian. Only the fricativisation of Old East Slavic г /g/ occurred in Belarusian, where

4644-402: The modern Ukrainian and Belarusian languages developed from the dialects which did not differ from each other in a significant way. After the fall of the Kingdom of Ruthenia, Ukrainians mainly fell under the rule of Lithuania and then Poland . Local autonomy of both rule and language was a marked feature of Lithuanian rule. In the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Old East Slavic became the language of

4730-443: The name Little Russia for Ukraine and Little Russian for the language, an expression that originated in Byzantine Greek and may originally have meant "old, original, fundamental Russia", and had been in use since the 14th century. Ukrainian high culture went into a long period of steady decline. The Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was taken over by the Russian Empire. Most of the remaining Ukrainian schools also switched to Polish or Russian in

4816-412: The native language for the majority in the nation on the eve of Ukrainian independence, a significant share of ethnic Ukrainians were russified. In Donetsk there were no Ukrainian language schools and in Kyiv only a quarter of children went to Ukrainian language schools. The Russian language was the dominant vehicle, not just of government function, but of the media, commerce, and modernity itself. This

4902-473: The oil and gas sector, shipbuilding (the Black Sea , Kherson Shipyard , and Port Ochakiv ) development, agriculture (Veres), finance (by controlling Unex Bank and being a minor shareholder in BM Bank, whose revenues in 2011 stood at $ 14.2 billion). In 2021, Unex Bank was sold to Dragon Capital, while the BM Bank was liquidated by the NBU in 2014. As of 2013 Novynskyi had stakes in oil and gas company Regal Petroleum and supermarket chain Amstor . For

4988-425: The population said Ukrainian was their native language. Until the 1920s the urban population in Ukraine grew faster than the number of Ukrainian speakers. This implies that there was a (relative) decline in the use of Ukrainian language. For example, in Kyiv, the number of people stating that Ukrainian was their native language declined from 30.3% in 1874 to 16.6% in 1917. During the seven-decade-long Soviet era ,

5074-456: The present-day reflex is /ɣ/. Ahatanhel Krymsky and Aleksey Shakhmatov assumed the existence of the common spoken language of Eastern Slavs only in prehistoric times. According to their point of view, the diversification of the Old East Slavic language took place in the 8th or early 9th century. Russian linguist Andrey Zaliznyak stated that the Old Novgorod dialect differed significantly from that of other dialects of Kievan Rus' during

5160-422: The previous parliament and 13 deputies from earlier convocations. All deputies from the biggest party with 254 seats, Servant of the People , were political newcomers. 61 percent of the new MPs had never before been engaged in politics. A total of 27 constituencies were not elected due to various crises taking place in the country. A total of 10 constituencies in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and two in

5246-418: The printing of Ukrainian texts accompanying musical scores. A period of leniency after 1905 was followed by another strict ban in 1914, which also affected Russian-occupied Galicia. For much of the 19th century the Austrian authorities demonstrated some preference for Polish culture, but the Ukrainians were relatively free to partake in their own cultural pursuits in Halychyna and Bukovina , where Ukrainian

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5332-539: The public organisation "Party of Peace", which proclaimed to intensify the negotiation process between Ukraine and the self-proclaimed republics (the so-called " DPR " and " LPR ") based on the Minsk agreements . In May 2018, he initiated the international conference "The Balkan experience of achieving peace: lessons for Ukraine” in Zagreb, Croatia. It was attended by well-known politicians and experts from Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Austria, Republic of Kosovo. Vadim Novinsky

5418-441: The religious schism in Ukrainian Orthodoxy. Known for his uncompromising position regarding the persecution of the UOC by the authorities, he has repeatedly entered into public discussions with officials, including Presidents Petro Poroshenko and Volodymyr Zelensky, on issues of confessional policy in Ukraine. Since the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Vadym Novynskyi Foundation has restructured its work to direct all

5504-502: The resources to humanitarian assistance to doctors in saving the lives and health of those affected by the war, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as helping civilians affected by the war. From February to October 2022, the Foundation delivered aid for more than UAH 900 million. In particular, it is implementing a humanitarian project to deliver ambulances with more than 100 delivered. 40,000 food packages were dispatched to different regions of Ukraine. Medical equipment worth UAH 15 million

5590-409: The rural regions of the Ukrainian provinces, 80% of the inhabitants said that Ukrainian was their native language in the Census of 1897 (for which the results are given above), in the urban regions only 32.5% of the population claimed Ukrainian as their native language. For example, in Odesa (then part of the Russian Empire), at the time the largest city in the territory of current Ukraine, only 5.6% of

5676-502: The second round of the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election . Ukraine's head of state during the parliament's term is President Volodymyr Zelensky . Eleven parties were represented in the Verkhovna Rada, although only five of them surpassed the mandatory five percent election threshold to gain representation based on the proportional representation system. About 80 percent of the members of parliament of this convocation were new to parliament; 83 deputies managed to get re-elected from

5762-475: The sixteenth and first half of the 17th century, when Ukraine was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, albeit in spite of being part of the PLC, not as a result. Among many schools established in that time, the Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium (the predecessor of the modern Kyiv-Mohyla Academy ), founded by the Orthodox Metropolitan Peter Mogila , was the most important. At that time languages were associated more with religions: Catholics spoke Polish, and members of

5848-462: The term native language may not necessarily associate with the language they use more frequently. The overwhelming majority of ethnic Ukrainians consider the Ukrainian language native , including those who often speak Russian. According to the official 2001 census data, 92.3% of Kyiv region population responded "Ukrainian" to the native language ( ridna mova ) census question, compared with 88.4% in 1989, and 7.2% responded "Russian". In 2019,

5934-558: The territories controlled by these respective countries, which was followed by a new wave of Polonization and Russification of the native nobility. Gradually the official language of Ukrainian provinces under Poland was changed to Polish, while the upper classes in the Russian part of Ukraine used Russian. During the 19th century, a revival of Ukrainian self-identification manifested in the literary classes of both Russian-Empire Dnieper Ukraine and Austrian Galicia . The Brotherhood of Sts Cyril and Methodius in Kyiv applied an old word for

6020-516: The use of Ukrainian. The educational system in Ukraine has been transformed over the first decade of independence from a system that is partly Ukrainian to one that is overwhelmingly so. The government has also mandated a progressively increased role for Ukrainian in the media and commerce. In the 2001 census , 67.5% of the country's population named Ukrainian as their native language (a 2.8% increase from 1989), while 29.6% named Russian (a 3.2% decrease). For many Ukrainians (of various ethnic origins),

6106-469: Was a need for translators during negotiations for the Treaty of Pereyaslav , between Bohdan Khmelnytsky , head of the Zaporozhian Host , and the Russian state. By the 18th century, Ruthenian had diverged into regional variants, developing into the modern Belarusian , Rusyn , and Ukrainian languages. The accepted chronology of Ukrainian divides the language into Old Ukrainian, Middle Ukrainian, and Modern Ukrainian. Shevelov explains that much of this

6192-570: Was born on 3 June 1963 in Staraya Russa (then USSR , now Russia). In 1985, he graduated from the Leningrad Academy of Civil Aviation in engineering management systems. From 1985 until 1986 he worked for various companies in Russia. Novynskyi worked in Ukraine since 1996 starting with Lukoil North West and then buying Ukrainian metallurgy companies. In 1999, Novinskyi's companies established

6278-548: Was exiled for seven years to Arkhangelsk . The Ukrainian magazine Osnova was discontinued. In 1863, the tsarist interior minister Pyotr Valuyev proclaimed in his decree that "there never has been, is not, and never can be a separate Little Russian language". Although the name of Ukraine is known since 1187, it was not applied to the language until the mid-19th century. The linguonym Ukrainian language appears in Yakub Holovatsky 's book from 1849, listed there as

6364-448: Was formed by convergence of tribal dialects, mostly due to an intensive migration of the population within the territory of today's Ukraine in later historical periods. This point of view was also supported by George Shevelov 's phonological studies, which argue that specific features were already recognizable in the southern dialects of Old East Slavic (seen as ancestors to Ukrainian) as far back as these varieties can be documented. As

6450-407: Was gradually Polonized. In Ruthenia, the language of administrative documents gradually shifted towards Polish. Polish has had heavy influences on Ukrainian (particularly in Western Ukraine ). The southwestern Ukrainian dialects are transitional to Polish. As the Ukrainian language developed further, some borrowings from Tatar and Turkish occurred. Ukrainian culture and language flourished in

6536-652: Was included in the list of persons against whom Russia imposed sanctions. Nevertheless, in July 2019, as part of a delegation of the UOCMP , he visited the Trinity-Sergius Lavra in Sergiyev Posad , Moscow Region. There he met with the head of the Russian Orthodox Church (UOCMP's mother church), Patriarch Kirill . On 20 April 2020, he was excluded from the Russian sanctions list. Accused of assisting Russia in

6622-554: Was inevitable that successful careers required a good command of Russian, while knowledge of Ukrainian was not vital, so it was common for Ukrainian parents to send their children to Russian-language schools, even though Ukrainian-language schools were usually available. The number of students in Russian-language in Ukraine schools was constantly increasing, from 14 percent in 1939 to more than 30 percent in 1962. The Communist Party leader from 1963 to 1972, Petro Shelest , pursued

6708-482: Was lessened only slightly after 1985. The management of dissent by the local Ukrainian Communist Party was more fierce and thorough than in other parts of the Soviet Union. As a result, at the start of the Mikhail Gorbachev reforms perebudova and hlasnist’ (Ukrainian for perestroika and glasnost ), Ukraine under Shcherbytsky was slower to liberalize than Russia itself. Although Ukrainian still remained

6794-517: Was one of the wealthiest people in Ukraine. Former member of the Ukrainian Parliament of VII – IX convocations. In 2015–2019 he represented Ukraine in PACE . Junior business partner of Rinat Akhmetov . The main shareholder of Smart Group, the owner of a blocking stake in the metallurgical holding Metinvest and other assets. In April 2020 was appointed as a deacon (since 2021 – a protodeacon) of

6880-537: Was proclaimed in 1990 that Russian language was the all-Union state language and that the constituent republics had rights to declare additional state languages within their jurisdictions. Still it was implicitly understood in the hopes of minority nations that Ukrainian would be used in the Ukrainian SSR, Uzbek would be used in the Uzbek SSR , and so on. However, Russian was used as the lingua franca in all parts of

6966-830: Was purchased for hospitals in Zaporizhzhia. In October–December 2022, the Novynskyi Foundation purchased and imported hundreds of generators to Ukraine to provide electricity to settlements affected by hostilities and rocket attacks. At the beginning of 2017, the Foundation became a partner of the All-Ukrainian charitable project "Help the Heart Beating". The Foundation also supports the rehabilitation program for children and young people diagnosed with cerebral palsy and organic nervous system lesions. On 25 December 2018, Novynskyi

7052-718: Was ranked third with USD 3.3 billion. In 2013, he gained fifth place in the ranking of the Wealthiest Ukrainians with a fortune of USD 3.273 billion. According to Ukrainian Forbes, in 2015, Vadim Novynskyi left the ranking of the ten wealthiest Ukrainians. That year, he declared UAH 107 million of income (UAH 73,235 in salary, UAH 1,616,867 of income from the sale of intellectual property rights, UAH 47,980 in dividends and interest, UAH 244 in insurance payments, and USD 5 million obtained from Cyprus sources). He owns two land plots with an area of 2,257 and 50,400 m², three apartments with an area of 667,586 and 136 m², and

7138-469: Was replaced by his first deputy Ruslan Stefanchuk (also from Servant of the People ) a day later. Government party (235) Government support (36) Opposition (71) Others (61) Vacant seats (46) The Verkhovna Rada approved the composition of its 23 committees on 29 August 2019. This was done without a parliamentary debate, and to the dismay of some people's deputies who chanted: "shame!" and "what are you doing?". 19 of

7224-585: Was reported to work as an Orthodox priest at the Russian Orthodox Church of the Holy Resurrection in Zürich, Switzerland. With partner and fellow billionaire, Andrei Klyamko Novynskyi owns Ukraine's Smart Holding Group . In 2006 they united their Ukrainian metallurgy companies into Smart Holding Group. In 2007 they exchanged them for a 23.75% stake in Metinvest , in which they are junior partners with Rinat Akhmetov . As of 2011 Smart Holding also owned large assets in

7310-400: Was substantially less the case for western Ukraine, which escaped the artificial famine , Great Purge , and most of Stalinism . And this region became the center of a hearty, if only partial, renaissance of the Ukrainian language during independence. Since 1991, Ukrainian has been the official state language in Ukraine, and the state administration implemented government policies to broaden

7396-532: Was widely used in education and official documents. The suppression by Russia hampered the literary development of the Ukrainian language in Dnipro Ukraine, but there was a constant exchange with Halychyna, and many works were published under Austria and smuggled to the east. By the time of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the collapse of Austro-Hungary in 1918, Ukrainians were ready to openly develop

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