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40-467: It was established on 16 February 1817, with headquarters at Akershus Fortress . It was originally meant for artillery and engineer officers, and in 1826 it was expanded to include naval officers; however, not many naval officers actually attended. There were several changes in the length of the education offered at the Military College. From 1901 a two-year course was offered, educating personnel to

80-662: A brief poem: When I was Lord of Fågelvik, (pronounced: foegle-veek ) Then I had wealth and might unique. But once I was King of the Swedish land, I was a poor and unhappy man. Karl's great-granddaughter Christina Nilsdotter Gyllenstierna was married to Sten Sture the Younger whose regentship represented similar values: nationalism and Swedish independence. Though the Bonde family, not descendants of Karl Knutsson himself but just his collateral relatives, remained prominent among

120-435: A fictitious history of Sweden. Six others before Charles VII are unknown to any sources before Johannes Magnus 's 16th century book Historia de omnibus gothorum sueonumque regibus , and are considered his invention. Karl Knutsson was the first Swedish monarch of the name to actually use a regnal number as Karl II (later retrospectively renumbered VIII), on his wife's tombstone (1451) at Vadstena . Karl represented

160-522: A growing nationalist tendency among the Swedish aristocracy which tried first to subjugate the other Scandinavian countries under Sweden but soon focused on dissolving the Kalmar Union . In the next century, when the union was finally dissolved, he received some respect as an early champion of Swedish independence. Karl's fight for power and kingship was more successful than his experience thereof. He allegedly recognized this himself and described his life in

200-496: A growing opposition against Karl emerged among the nobility in Sweden. The strongest opponent was the Swedish church which opposed his efforts to concentrate royal and secular power. Other opponents were the family group of Oxenstierna and the House of Vasa , which had been on the opposing side in the election of king and lost. During the next 20 years, Karl was deposed twice, only to regain

240-521: A major part of the plot of Sigrid Undset 's historical novel In the Wilderness , the third volume of her tetralogy The Master of Hestviken .) The immediate proximity of the sea was a key feature, for naval power was a vital military force as the majority of Norwegian commerce in that period was by sea. The fortress was strategically important for the capital, and therefore, Norway as well. Whoever controlled Akershus fortress ruled Norway. In 1449-1450

280-401: A military base, a prison and is currently the temporary office of the prime minister of Norway . It is not known exactly when the construction of the castle started but it is believed that it took place around the late 1290s, by King Haakon V , replacing Tønsberg as one of the two most important Norwegian castles of the period (the other being Båhus ). It was constructed in response to

320-598: A palace until the turn of the 19th century, with new towers, halls, chambers and gates being added over time. When the king was absent, the castle functioned as the seat of the Steward of Norway . Akershus has also been a prison, with a section of it known as The Slavery ( Norwegian : Slaveriet ) because the prisoners could be rented out for work in the city. It has housed many rebels and criminals through Norwegian history. Particularly well-known people to have been imprisoned there include author Gjest Baardsen (1791–1849), and

360-814: The Norway Pavilion at its Epcot theme park. In a further reference to Akershus' royal history, the Epcot replication also houses a Disney Princess character restaurant called Akershus Royal Banquet Hall, which also serves some Norwegian dishes. The year is that in which they first took command. [REDACTED] Media related to Akershus Fortress at Wikimedia Commons 59°54′24″N 10°44′10″E  /  59.90667°N 10.73611°E  / 59.90667; 10.73611 Charles VIII of Sweden Karl Knutsson Bonde ( c. 1408–1470), also known as Charles VIII and called Charles I in Norwegian contexts,

400-460: The Archbishop because of his taxation policies. The Archbishop was imprisoned, which resulted in a rebellion by his relatives, and led to Christian being driven out of Sweden. Karl was recalled by the rebels and returned at the head of a force of German and Polish mercenaries. Upon arrival in Sweden, he found himself at war with the Archbishop, and after two bloody battles in the winter of 1464–1465, he

440-515: The Danish-Norwegian king's lord lieutenant, Christen Munk , responded by burning down the city in order to deprive the attackers themselves of the means of receiving supplies, and eventually the Swedes retreated. The fortress has never successfully been besieged by a foreign enemy. However it surrendered without combat to Nazi Germany in 1940 when the Norwegian government evacuated the capital in

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480-514: The General Staff. The school had been mandatory for General Staff members since 1850. The school ceased to operate in 1940, the same year as Norway was invaded and occupied by Germany . 59°54′28″N 10°44′17″E  /  59.9078°N 10.7381°E  / 59.9078; 10.7381 This Norwegian university, college or other education institution article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about

520-477: The Norwegian nobleman, Earl Alv Erlingsson of Sarpsborg 's earlier attack on Oslo that occurred in 1287. In the aftermath of the attack, it became clear that the city's existing defences weren't effective and therefore, a stronger defensive centre was needed. The castle is mentioned in written sources for the first time in 1300 in a letter from King Haakon to a church in Oslo. However, the letter does not mention how far

560-488: The Scottish king. Following the great fire of 1624, King Christian IV made the decision to relocate and rebuild the entire city of Oslo . The king ordered the new city to be located closer to Akershus Fortress, renaming the city Christiania . The fortress was subsequently modernized and remodeled, with the new appearance being that of a renaissance castle with Italian inspired bastions . The castle primarily functioned as

600-433: The Swedish nobility and in politics into the 20th Century, Karl's own descendants did not ascend nor inherit any thrones until Prince Christian zu Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg became Christian IX of Denmark in 1863. Karl's descendants have since ascended the thrones of Norway, Greece and Great Britain, Brunswick, Luxembourg, Belgium, Spain, Romania and Russia Empire together with Grand Duchy of Finland. Nicholas II

640-498: The castle was besieged again, this time by the Swedish king Karl Knutsson Bonde , but he had to lift the siege after a while. The castle was not besieged again until 1502 when Scottish soldiers in the service of the Danish-Norwegian king besieged the castle in order to regain it from the hands of the Norwegian nobleman Knut Alvsson . Akershus was besieged yet again in 1523, this time by Swedish soldiers but Oslo's inhabitants, at

680-520: The castle, the Norwegian Armed Forces Museum and Norway's Resistance Museum can also be visited. The Norwegian Ministry of Defence and the country's Defence Staff Norway share a joint modern headquarters in the eastern part of the fortress. His Majesty the King's Guard is responsible for guarding the fortress, with stationary guard posts during open hours and mobile patrols at night. One of

720-507: The city. Since the Middle Ages the fortress has been the namesake and centre of the main fief and later main county of Akershus , which was originally one of Norway's four main regions and which included most of Eastern Norway . The fortress itself was located within the Akershus main county until 1919, and also within the smaller Akershus sub county until 1842. The castle has also been used as

760-479: The command of Hans Mule, burned down their houses in an attempt to drive them out and the Swedes retreated after a short period. King Christian II besieged the castle from 1531 to 1532 but the siege was lifted by forces from Denmark and Lübeck . After this siege the castle was improved and strengthened. In 1567, during the Northern Seven Years' War , the castle was besieged once more by Swedish forces, but

800-454: The construction of the castle had progressed by then. The fortress has successfully survived all sieges, primarily by Swedish forces, including those by forces led by Charles XII in 1716. The fortress was first used in battle in 1308, when it was besieged by the Swedish Erik, Duke of Södermanland . The siege was eventually broken by a local Norwegian army in a battle. (This battle forms

840-608: The face of the unprovoked German assault on Denmark and Norway (see Operation Weserübung ). During World War II, people were executed here by the German occupiers, including members of the Pelle group . The fortress was liberated on 11 May 1945, when it was handed over to Terje Rollem on behalf of the Norwegian resistance movement . After the war, eight Norwegian traitors who had been tried for war crimes and sentenced to death were also executed at

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880-463: The fortress. Among those executed were Vidkun Quisling and Siegfried Fehmer . After construction of the castle was finished around 1300, Haakon V gradually started to use the castle as a residential palace, favoring the keep over the Oslo Kongsgård estate despite the fact that the castle likely was unsuited as a residence. The castle becoming a royal residence also played a significant role in

920-418: The military of Norway is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Akershus Fortress Akershus Fortress ( Norwegian : Akershus Festning , pronounced [ɑkəʂˈhʉːs ˈfɛ̂sːtnɪŋ] ) or Akershus Castle ( Norwegian : Akershus slott [ɑkəʂˈhʉːs ˈslɔtː] ) is a medieval castle in the Norwegian capital Oslo that was built to protect and provide a royal residence for

960-414: The process where the capital of Norway was moved from Bergen to Oslo . Several significant figures from the Norwegian middle ages, including Haakon V, Queen Euphemia , Ingeborg Eriksdottir and Queen Margaret , all resided at the castle, which functioned as the official Norwegian royal residence for several decades. The last Norwegian king prior to the establishment of the Kalmar Union , Olaf II ,

1000-629: The region as the Hanseatic League , the Russian city of Novgorod and the Teutonic Knights in what are today Estonia and Latvia . At the death of Christopher in 1448, without a direct heir, Karl was elected king of Sweden on 20 June, and on 28 June, he was hailed as the new monarch at the Stones of Mora , not far from Uppsala , mostly due to his own military troops being present at the place, against

1040-562: The same year he assumed one of its most senior offices, Lord High Constable of Sweden , or Riksmarsk . Because of the growing dissatisfaction with King Eric of Pomerania among the Swedish nobility , Karl was in 1436 made Rikshövitsman , an office equating to Military Governor of the Realm , and finally replaced the king as an elected regent from 1438 to 1440, as the result of the rebellion by Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson . During Karl's brief regentship,

1080-592: The similarly idealized thief Ole Høiland . Also, many early Norwegian socialists (supporters of Marcus Thrane , 1817–1890) also spent time in the cells of Akershus. The prison was also a plot element in the film Fante-Anne (1920). Following the 1852 Laestadian Sámi revolt in Guovdageaidnu , all men except the two leaders Aslak Hætta and Mons Somby (who were beheaded in Alta ) ended up in Akershus Fortress –

1120-576: The so-called Rebellion of David (a peasant rebellion) took place in Finland. Eric of Pomerania was forced to step down from the throne and in 1440 Christopher of Bavaria , was elected king of Sweden , Norway and Denmark . At the coronation of Christopher in September 1441, Karl was dubbed a knight and appointed Lord High Justiciar of Sweden , or Riksdrots . In October he resigned as Lord High Justiciar and resumed his office as Lord High Constable. From 1442, he

1160-428: The stationary guard posts at the entrance is a popular photography spot for tourists visiting the fortress. The castle's Royal Mausoleum is the final resting place of a number of Norwegian royal figures. This includes King Sigurd I , King Haakon V , Queen Eufemia , King Haakon VII , Queen Maud , King Olav V and Crown Princess Märtha . Since restoration of the main building, the castle has frequently been used as

1200-523: The throne and reign three times (1448–1457, 1464–65, 1467–1470). In 1457, a rebellion took place, led by Archbishop Jöns Bengtsson (Oxenstierna) and a nobleman, Erik Axelsson Tott . Karl went into exile to Danzig (Gdańsk). The two leaders of the revolt took the regentship, and organized the election of Christian I of Denmark as king (firstly in Turku, then in Stockholm). In 1463, King Christian quarrelled with

1240-628: The venue for official events and dinners for dignitaries and foreign heads of state. After the 22 July attacks in 2011 , the Office of the Norwegian prime minister has been located close to the fortress in a building that originally belonged to the Norwegian Ministry of Defence . Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida just outside Orlando in the United States replicates a portion of the fortress at

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1280-486: The wishes of regents Bengt and Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna). The Danish had in September 1448 elected Christian I as their new monarch. A rivalry ensued between Karl and Christian for the throne of Norway, which had also been ruled by Christopher, with both kings gaining support from various factions in the Norwegian Council of the realm . In 1449, a portion of the Norwegian council elected Karl as king of Norway, and he

1320-506: The women were imprisoned in Trondheim . Many of the rebels died after a few years in captivity. Among the survivors was Lars Hætta (18 years at the time of imprisonment), who during his stay was allowed time and means to write the first translation of the Bible into North Sámi . Although still a military area, the Akershus Fortress is open to the public between 6:00 and 21:00 daily. As well as

1360-862: Was King of Sweden (1448–1457, 1464–1465 and 1467–1470) and King of Norway (1449–1450). Karl Knutsson Bonde was born in October 1408 or 1409, at Ekholmen Castle , the son of Knut Tordsson ( Bonde ), knight and member of the privy council ( riksråd ), and Margareta Karlsdotter (Sparre av Tofta), the only daughter and heiress of Karl Ulfsson, Lord of Tofta . His father Knut was first cousin of Erik Johansson Vasa 's father. His first marriage, in 1428, to Birgitta Turesdotter (Bielke) (died 1436) gave him his daughter Christina. His second marriage, in 1438, to Catherine (Gumsehuvud, died in 1450) produced his second daughter Magdalena , who married Ivar Axelsson (Tott) . He also had two children by his third wife (and former mistress) Christina Abrahamsdotter , Anna and Karl. His father

1400-650: Was again exiled. In 1467, the regent Erik Axelsson Tott, now having reverted to support Karl Knutsson, once more had him crowned. He then reigned for three years, sharing power with the Riksråd, until his death in Stockholm in May 1470. With his wife Birgitta Turesdotter (Bielke), Karl had: With his wife Catherine , he had: With his mistress Christina Abrahamsdotter , he had: Karl was survived by only one son, born of Christina Abrahamsdotter, whom he married on his deathbed. Though she

1440-477: Was born at the castle in 1370. In September 1589, Anne of Denmark tried to sail to Scotland when she was betrothed to King James VI , but after difficulties with her ships and weather , she made her way to Akershus with the Scottish Earl Marischal . After they married, when they were at Elsinore ( Kronborg ), a servant of Axel Gyldenstierne, captain of Akershus, was rewarded for bringing letters to

1480-528: Was crowned in Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim on 20 November. However, Christian also continued pursuing his claim to Norway. The Swedish aristocracy was reluctant to back Karl in a war against Denmark over Norway, and already in June 1450, he was forced to relinquish the throne of Norway in favour of Christian. From 1451, Sweden and Denmark were in state of war against each other. Because of devastating warring,

1520-480: Was recognized as queen, the Swedish government did not allow the suddenly legitimized boy to succeed him, but appointed one of their number, Sten Sture the Elder (who was Karl's nephew), as regent. Karl Knutsson was the second Swedish king by the name of Karl (sometimes anglicized as Charles ). Charles VIII is a posthumous invention, counting backwards from Charles IX (r. 1604–1611) who adopted his numeral according to

1560-518: Was said by contemporary legends to descend from a younger brother of King Eric IX (Saint Eric). His mother, an important heiress, descended from Jarl Karl the Deaf and consequently from some ancient Folkunge earls of Sweden, as well as from Ingegerd Knutsdotter , a daughter of Canute IV of Denmark and Adela of Flanders . In 1434, Karl became a member of the Privy Council of Sweden and in October of

1600-615: Was the military governor, hövitsman , at Viborg in Finland ( Fief of Viborg ). Karl acquired extensive fiefs, for example in Western Finland. His first seat was in Turku. Soon, Christopher's government began to take back fiefs and positions and he was forced to give up the castle of Turku . Karl's next seat was the castle of Viborg , on Finland's eastern border, where he kept an independent court, taking no heed of Christopher and exercising his own foreign policy in relation to such powers in

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