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149-565: Northwestern is a charter member of the Big Ten Conference and has been the only private institution in the conference since the University of Chicago left in 1946. It is also by far the smallest, With approximately 8,000 undergraduate students. The next-smallest, Iowa , is almost three times as large. Currently, Northwestern fields 19 intercollegiate athletic teams (8 men's and 11 women's) in addition to numerous club sports. Recent success by

298-469: A decongestant . The drug is additionally available in combination with guaifenesin in the form of oral tablets and liquids. Ephedrine is provided as the hydrochloride or sulfate salt in pharmaceutical formulations. Ephedrine should not be used in conjunction with certain antidepressants, namely norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), as this increases the risk of symptoms due to excessive serum levels of norepinephrine. Bupropion

447-404: A hydroxyl group at the β position . Because of ephedrine's structural similarity to methamphetamine, it can be used to create methamphetamine using chemical reduction in which ephedrine's hydroxyl group is removed; this has made ephedrine a highly sought-after chemical precursor in the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine . The most popular method for reducing ephedrine to methamphetamine

596-411: A performance-enhancing drug in exercise and sports . It can increase heart rate , blood pressure , and cardiac contractility as well as act as a psychostimulant . Ephedrine is often used in combination with caffeine for performance-enhancing purposes. In chemical synthesis , ephedrine is used in bulk quantities as a chiral auxiliary group. In saquinavir synthesis, the half-acid

745-478: A sympathomimetic amine , acts on part of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The principal mechanism of action relies on its indirect stimulation of the adrenergic receptor system by increasing activation of α- and β-adrenergic receptors via induction of norepinephrine release . The presence of direct interactions with α-adrenergic receptors is unlikely, but still controversial. L -ephedrine, and particularly its stereoisomer norpseudoephedrine (which

894-493: A 3–1 victory over Notre Dame. Most recently on March 27, 2021, the Drohans twin coaches became Northwestern softball's all-time win leaders with their 641st victory against Wisconsin. The Northwestern softball program began in 1976 and currently competes at Sharon J. Drysdale Field, previously known as Anderson Field. The ballpark was renamed for NFCA Hall of Fame mentor Sharon J. Drysdale upon her retirement in 2001. Drysdale served as

1043-606: A 44-year drought. Iowa jumped Minnesota on the last day of the tournament by placing ahead of the Golden Gophers in the 4x400 – the last event of the tournament. Since 1902, the Hawkeyes have had 92 separate individual Big Ten championships. Yamini currently shares the Big Ten Outdoor Championships long jump record with Ohio State's Jesse Owens . Former Iowa football player Tim Dwight also competed in track. Dwight won

1192-460: A 98-percent in the latest Graduation Success Rate (GSR), a figure which led all FBS schools for the second consecutive year. The Wildcats have scored a 96-percent or higher in every year that GSR data has been released, finishing in the top four among FBS schools all 15 years. Additionally, Phillips oversaw the creation of the department's NU for Life program, providing student-athletes with professional development opportunities and resources, as well as

1341-693: A PhD in educational administration from the University of Tennessee. In January 2021, Phillips left Northwestern to become the commissioner of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Mike Polisky, Northwestern's deputy athletic director for external affairs since 2010, was promoted to replace Phillips. On May 12, 2021, amidst much controversy and protest from students and other members of the Northwestern community, Polisky stepped down. Schapiro named Northwestern linguistics professor Robert Gundlach as interim AD. In December 2011, Northwestern University announced

1490-663: A championship in that sport, but recognizes it as part of the NCAA Emerging Sports for Women program. Iowa will become the first Power Five school to sponsor varsity women's wrestling. The Iowa Hawkeye Ultimate Club (IHUC) competes in the West Plains conference of the North Central Region. In 2010, the team tied for 9th at college nationals, while taking 3rd place in 2011. The Iowa Women's Ultimate team, Saucy Nancy, has also been very successful in years past. In 2011

1639-620: A diagnosis of poisoning, or assist in a medicolegal death investigation. Many commercial immunoassay screening tests directed at the amphetamines cross-react appreciably with ephedrine, but chromatographic techniques can easily distinguish ephedrine from other phenethylamine derivatives. Blood or plasma ephedrine concentrations are typically in the 20–200   μg/L range in persons taking the drug therapeutically, 300–3000   μg/L in abusers or poisoned patients and 3–20   mg/L in cases of acute fatal overdosage. The current World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) limit for ephedrine in an athlete's urine

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1788-570: A five-year stretch from 2005 to 2009 in which Northwestern compiled a record of 215–77, reached the Super Regional round of the NCAA tournament four times, and became the first private school in NCAA history to advance to the WCWS semifinals in consecutive years. Overall, Northwestern under Drohan has made 13 NCAA tournament appearances and has claimed five NCAA Regional titles, including its most recent in 2019 as

1937-523: A hazing scandal. He was replaced by David Braun , who was originally hired as Northwestern's defensive coordinator in January 2023, and subsequently interim-head coach in July 2023. Braun was officially introduced as head coach on November 15, 2023, after snapping a 14-game road game losing streak at Wisconsin. Braun came from North Dakota State University , where he served in the same position for four seasons, leading

2086-731: A melting point of 187−188   °C. The racemic form of ephedrine is racephedrine ((±)-ephedrine; dl -ephedrine; (1 RS ,2 SR )-ephedrine). A stereoisomer of ephedrine is pseudoephedrine . Derivatives of ephedrine include methylephedrine ( N -methylephedrine), etafedrine ( N -ethylephedrine), cinnamedrine ( N -cinnamylephedrine), and oxilofrine (4-hydroxyephedrine). Analogues of ephedrine include phenylpropanolamine (norephedrine) and metaraminol (3-hydroxynorephedrine). The presence of an N - methyl group decreases binding affinities at α-adrenergic receptors, compared with norephedrine. Ephedrine, though, binds better than N -methylephedrine , which has an additional methyl group at

2235-694: A multiyear partnership with Under Armour as its official outfitter of the university's athletic program. Under Armour began outfitting the Northwestern Wildcats in 2012–13 and the partnership marked Under Armour's first with a Big Ten team. Now, Northwestern is one of three Big Ten teams sporting Under Armour gear. Since the partnership began, the Wildcats have introduced a number of exclusive uniform designs, including its hallmark Gothic uniforms for several sports (debuted in 2014 with football), its Gothic Ice line in 2020 for women's lacrosse and softball, as well as

2384-588: A muscle , vein , or just under the skin . Onset with intravenous use is fast, while injection into a muscle can take 20   minutes, and by mouth can take an hour for effect. When given by injection, it lasts about an hour, and when taken by mouth, it can last up to four hours. Common side effects include trouble sleeping , anxiety , headache , hallucinations , high blood pressure , fast heart rate , loss of appetite , and urinary retention . Serious side effects include stroke and heart attack . While likely safe in pregnancy , its use in this population

2533-521: A natural health product, with a limit of 0.4   g (400   mg) per package, the limit established by the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act as it is considered as Class A Precursor. In 1997, the FDA proposed a regulation on ephedra (the herb from which ephedrine is obtained), which limited an ephedra dose to 8   mg (of active ephedrine) with no more than 24   mg per day. This proposed rule

2682-784: A qualified physician and only when other options are unavailable. Ephedrine is a potentially dangerous natural compound; as of 2004 the US Food and Drug Administration had received over 18,000 reports of adverse effects in people using it. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are more common with systemic administration (e.g. injection or oral administration) compared to topical administration (e.g. nasal instillations). ADRs associated with ephedrine therapy include: Overdose of ephedrine may result in sympathomimetic symptoms like tachycardia and hypertension . Ephedrine with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like phenelzine and tranylcypromine can result in hypertensive crisis . Ephedrine,

2831-424: A record which equals what Yale's golf team did from 1905–1913 and what Southern California's track team did from 1935 through 1943. In his career at Iowa, which lasted until 1997, Gable led the Hawkeyes to 15 national titles and 21 consecutive Big Ten championships. Gable's 355 dual wins at Iowa make him the university's all-time winningest wrestling coach. Gable was replaced as coach by Jim Zalesky . Under Zalesky,

2980-646: A season with 47 and the program record for longest win streak at 25. The 2018–19 season saw more milestones for the Wildcats including a 39–5 record, an 11th-place finish at the NCAA Championships, and a second consecutive conference championship. The Wildcats achieved the highest ranking in program history during the season at second in the country and amassed 39 victories at the conference championships. The Northwestern Field Hockey team plays its home games at Lakeside Field, adjacent to Lanny and Sharon Martin Stadium on

3129-452: A senior safety , collapsed and died during practice from an asthma attack . An autopsy revealed that he had ephedrine , a stimulant banned by the NCAA , in his system which prompted Northwestern to investigate the prevalence of stimulants and other banned substances across all of its athletic programs. In May 2006 the website BadJocks.com republished photos a reader had found on Webshots of

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3278-521: A tenured history of success. Zach Moss is the programs head coach, a role that he's been in since 2016. Following a historic 2017–18 season, Moss was named the Midwest Fencing Conference Coach of the Year as the Wildcats captured their fifth-ever conference championship and finished with three All-Americans at the NCAA Championships. Additionally, the team set the program record for most wins in

3427-677: A third Final Four in 1980, and have also won the Big Ten tournament thrice since its 1998 inception, in 2001, 2006, and 2022. Iowa's current coach is Fran McCaffery , who coached at Siena College before coming to Iowa in 2010. The Hawkeyes have played their home games in Carver–Hawkeye Arena since 1983; the arena can currently hold up to 15,500 people. The Hawkeyes' men's cross country team won team Big Ten titles in 1961 and 1966 and have also had nine individual Big Ten champions, most recently with Larry Wieczorek in 1967. Wieczorek's time in

3576-496: A total of 16 bowl games, including 10 appearances in just 10 seasons between 2008 and 2020. The Wildcats won three consecutive bowl games in 2016–18. Despite the Wildcats challenging season in 2019, the 2020 season marked their most recent seasons of success. In 2020, the Wildcats were Big Ten West Champions and bowl game champions. In addition, defensive Coordinator, Mike Hankwitz , who has been with Northwestern Football since 2008, received his 400 career win on January 1, 2021. Perhaps

3725-438: A varsity sport to capture the school's first national championship since 1941. In doing so, it became the westernmost institution to ever win the title. Soon after, the team made national news when members appeared in a White House photo with President Bush wearing thong sandals, or flip-flops , dubbed as the "White House flip-flop flap." The 2009 season also was an undefeated run. In their five consecutive championship seasons,

3874-453: A whistleblower's claims "were largely supported by evidence." Fitzgerald denied knowing about the hazing and began his two-week, without-pay suspension on July 7. The investigation was conducted by Washington, D.C. law firm Arent Fox Schiff and led by Maggie Hickey, a former Illinois inspector general. The next day, The Daily Northwestern reported that hazing allegations "involved coerced sexual acts," and that "Fitzgerald may have known that

4023-425: Is Kirk Ferentz . In nineteen seasons under Ferentz, the Hawkeyes have won a BCS bowl , two Big Ten titles and have played in fifteen bowl games. Ferentz is the all time Iowa football wins leader with 151 after surpassing his predecessor, Hayden Fry, during the 2018 football season. Fry, who coached the Hawkeyes for 20 seasons, had 143 wins, three Big Ten titles, and 14 bowl trips in his tenure at Iowa. Fry also led

4172-435: Is oxidatively deaminated into benzoic acid , and a small fraction is converted into 1,2-dihydroxy-1-phenylpropane. Ephedrine is eliminated mainly in urine , with 60% (range 53–79%) excreted unchanged. The elimination half-life of ephedrine is 6   hours. Its duration of action orally is 2 to 4   hours and via intravenous or intramuscular injection is 60   minutes. The elimination of ephedrine

4321-691: Is 10   μg/mL. Ephedrine in its natural form, known as máhuáng (麻黄) in traditional Chinese medicine , has been documented in China since the Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) as an antiasthmatic and stimulant. In traditional Chinese medicine, máhuáng has been used as a treatment for asthma and bronchitis for centuries. In 1885, the chemical synthesis of ephedrine was first accomplished by Japanese organic chemist Nagai Nagayoshi based on his research on traditional Japanese and Chinese herbal medicines . The industrial manufacture of ephedrine in China began in

4470-421: Is 10 to 20   minutes, and via intravenous infusion is within seconds. Its plasma protein binding is approximately 24 to 29%, with 5 to 10% bound to albumin . Ephedrine is largely not metabolized . Norephedrine (phenylpropanolamine) is an active metabolite of ephedrine formed via N - demethylation . About 8 to 20% of an oral dose of ephedrine is demethylated into norephedrine, about 4 to 13%

4619-404: Is 20,000 square feet (1,900 m ) and designed to withstand flooding. The building has workout facilities, team locker rooms, boat bays, indoor rowing tanks, and meeting spaces. The Hawkeye softball team has appeared in four Women's College World Series, in 1995, 1996, 1997, and 2001. The current head softball coach of the Hawkeyes is Renee Luers-Gillispie . Nancilea Underwood (now Foster)

Northwestern Wildcats - Misplaced Pages Continue

4768-841: Is a four-story, state-of-the-art development center located on the north end of the Evanston campus, structurally connected to Ryan Fieldhouse, the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion, and the North Parking Garage. The facility is named in honor of University Trustee Mark R. Walter and Kimbra D. Walter. The transformational multi-purpose facility includes spaces for academic and professional development, nutrition and dining, sports performance, sports medicine and athletic training, and locker rooms for more than 500 Northwestern student-athletes. The Walter Athletics Center allows for plenty of natural light and has unobstructed views of Lake Michigan,

4917-443: Is a non- catecholamine sympathomimetic with cardiovascular effects similar to those of adrenaline /epinephrine: increased blood pressure, heart rate and contractility. Like pseudoephedrine it is a bronchodilator , with pseudoephedrine having considerably less effect. Ephedrine may decrease motion sickness , but it has mainly been used to decrease the sedating effects of other medications used for motion sickness. Ephedrine

5066-513: Is also found to have quick and long-lasting responsiveness in congenital myasthenic syndrome in early childhood and also even in the adults with a novel COLQ mutation. Ephedrine is administered by intravenous boluses. Redosing usually requires increased doses to offset the development of tachyphylaxis , which is attributed to the depletion of catecholamine stores. Ephedrine promotes modest short-term weight loss , specifically fat loss, but its long-term effects are unknown. In mice, ephedrine

5215-468: Is also present in Catha edulis ) has indirect sympathomimetic effects and due to its ability to cross the blood–brain barrier , it is a CNS stimulant similar to amphetamines , but less pronounced, as it releases norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain . The oral bioavailability of ephedrine is 88%. The onset of action of ephedrine orally is 15 to 60   minutes, via intramuscular injection

5364-404: Is an example of an antidepressant with an amphetamine-like structure similar to ephedrine, and it is an NDRI. Its action bears more resemblance to amphetamine than to fluoxetine in that its primary mode of therapeutic action involves norepinephrine and to a lesser degree dopamine, but it also releases some serotonin from presynaptic clefts. It should not be used with ephedrine, as it may increase

5513-462: Is available as a prescription-only pharmaceutical drug in the form of an intravenous solution , under brand names including Akovaz, Corphedra, Emerphed, and Rezipres as well as in generic forms , in the United States . It is also available over-the-counter in the form of 12.5 and 25   mg oral tablets for use as a bronchodilator and as a 0.5% concentration nasal spray for use as

5662-470: Is called pseudoephedrine. The isomer which is marketed is (−)-(1 R ,2 S )-ephedrine. In the outdated D / L system (+)-ephedrine is also referred to as D -ephedrine and (−)-ephedrine as L -ephedrine (in which case, in the Fisher projection , the phenyl ring is drawn at the bottom). Often, the D / L system (with small caps ) and the d/l system (with lower-case ) are confused. The result

5811-418: Is dependent on urinary pH . Ephedrine, or (−)-(1 R ,2 S )-ephedrine, also known as (1 R ,2 S )-β-hydroxy- N -methyl-α-methyl-β-phenethylamine or as (1 R ,2 S )-β-hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine, is a substituted phenethylamine and amphetamine derivative . It is similar in chemical structure to phenylpropanolamine , methamphetamine , and epinephrine (adrenaline). It differs from methamphetamine only by

5960-614: Is from 1931, retro-picked by the Helms Athletic Foundation and, later, by the Premo-Porrett Power Poll. Since then, the Wildcats have played in the National Invitation Tournament seven times, most recently in 2012. The men's basketball program was the first to open the renovated Welsh-Ryan Arena on November 2, 2018, in an exhibition game against McKendree. The state-of-the-art facility was built to be

6109-453: Is intended to increase the Wildcats' presence around Chicago and raise local and regional awareness of Northwestern University. The Northwestern Wildcats reside in the city of Evanston and have a campus in Chicago along Lake Michigan. Northwestern remains the only Division I FBS institution in the Chicago area. Over the last several years, the Northwestern Wildcats have increased their presence in

Northwestern Wildcats - Misplaced Pages Continue

6258-415: Is its INN Tooltip International Nonproprietary Name and BAN Tooltip British Approved Name , while the hydrochloride salt of the racemic form is racephedrine hydrochloride and this is its USAN Tooltip United States Adopted Name . As a phenethylamine , ephedrine has a similar chemical structure to amphetamines and is a methamphetamine analog having the methamphetamine structure with

6407-454: Is known to stimulate thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue , but because adult humans have only small amounts of brown fat, thermogenesis is assumed to take place mostly in the skeletal muscle . Ephedrine also decreases gastric emptying . Methylxanthines such as caffeine and theophylline have a synergistic effect with ephedrine with respect to weight loss. This led to creation and marketing of compound products. One of them, known as

6556-521: Is led by Head Coach Tyler Dailey. The University of Iowa borrowed its nickname from the state of Iowa years ago. The term "Hawkeye" originally appeared in the novel, The Last of the Mohicans , written by James Fenimore Cooper . In the book, the protagonist Natty Bumppo is given the word "Hawkeye" as a nickname from the Delaware Indians. Twelve years following the publishing of the book, the nickname

6705-517: Is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines . It is available as a generic medication . It can normally be found in plants of the Ephedra genus. Over-the-counter dietary supplements containing ephedrine are illegal in the United States , with the exception of those used in traditional Chinese medicine , where its presence is noted by má huáng . Ephedrine

6854-500: Is one of only two active Big Ten coaches with more than 300 wins. The men's soccer program has won two regular season Big Ten titles (2011, 2012) and 1 Big Ten tournament title (2011). Tyler Miller is the program's only professional Wildcat, currently playing with Minnesota United as goalkeeper. The women's soccer program is led by Michael Moynihan, a role that he's been in since 2009. The program has 1 regular season Big Ten title (2016) and six NCAA tournament appearances, including four in

7003-412: Is poorly studied. Use during breastfeeding is not recommended. Ephedrine works by inducing the release of norepinephrine and hence indirectly activating the α- and β-adrenergic receptors . Chemically, ephedrine is a substituted amphetamine and is the (1 R ,2 S )- enantiomer of β-hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine . Ephedrine was first isolated in 1885 and came into commercial use in 1926. It

7152-435: Is resolved as its salt with l-ephedrine. In January 2002, Health Canada issued a voluntary recall of all ephedrine products containing more than 8   mg per dose, all combinations of ephedrine with other stimulants such as caffeine, and all ephedrine products marketed for weight-loss or bodybuilding indications, citing a serious risk to health. Ephedrine is still sold as an oral nasal decongestant in 8   mg pills as

7301-678: Is similar to the Birch reduction , in that it uses anhydrous ammonia and lithium metal in the reaction. The second-most popular method uses red phosphorus and iodine in the reaction with ephedrine. Moreover, ephedrine can be synthesized into methcathinone via simple oxidation . As such, ephedrine is listed as a table-I precursor under the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances . Ephedrine has been used as

7450-414: Is that the levorotary l-ephedrine is wrongly named L -ephedrine and the dextrorotary d-pseudoephedrine (the diastereomer) wrongly D -pseudoephedrine. The IUPAC names of the two enantiomers are (1 R ,2 S )- respectively (1 S ,2 R )-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol. A synonym is erythro -ephedrine. Ephedrine may be quantified in blood, plasma, or urine to monitor possible abuse by athletes, confirm

7599-481: Is the generic name of the drug and its BAN Tooltip British Approved Name . Its DCF Tooltip Dénomination Commune Française is ephédrine while its DCIT Tooltip Denominazione Comune Italiana is efedrina . In the case of the hydrochloride salt , its generic name is ephedrine hydrochloride and this is its USAN Tooltip United States Adopted Name , BANM Tooltip British Approved Name , and JAN Tooltip Japanese Accepted Name . In

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7748-469: Is the winningest baseball coach in school history. Rick Heller replaced Jack Dahm as the Hawkeyes' head baseball coach in 2013. In his first season in Iowa City, Heller helped guide the Hawkeyes to a 9–1 start—the program's best start since 1940—a Big Ten tournament berth and conference tournament win. Iowa finished the year with a 30–23 record for just the third 30-win season since 1993. The 30 victories are

7897-514: Is under the direction of Sullivan-Ubben Head Men's Basketball Coach Chris Collins, a role that he's been in since 2013. Collins led the Wildcats to heights never before reached during the 2016–17 season when the program saw a school record 24 wins and its first NCAA tournament berth and victory in program history. Collins was named as one of four finalists for the Naismith Men's Coach of the Year award in 2017. The Wildcats single national championship

8046-656: The 2022 Music City Bowl . Iowa won the 2010 Orange Bowl vs Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets 24–14. The Orange Bowl is a BCS bowl game. Iowa's first bowl game was the 1957 Rose Bowl , which ended in a 35–19 win over Oregon State . The Hawkeyes' lone claim to a national championship came after winning the Rose Bowl following the 1958 season, when they were awarded the Grantland Rice trophy by the Football Writers Association of America. The Hawkeyes' current head coach

8195-456: The ECA stack , contains ephedrine with caffeine and aspirin. It is a popular supplement taken by bodybuilders seeking to cut body fat before a competition. A 2021 systematic review found that ephedrine led to a 2 kilograms (4.4 lb) weight loss greater than placebo, raised heart rate , and reduced LDL and raised HDL , with no statistically significant difference in blood pressure . Ephedrine

8344-657: The NCAA Championships : 1939, 1945. Luke Donald won the NCAA Individual Championship in 1999. He was Big Ten Conference Player of the year in 1999, and David Merkow was named the same in 2006. Donald was ranked number 1 in the Official World Golf Ranking for 56 weeks in 2011 and 2012. The four best career stroke averages in school history are held by Luke Donald, Tom Johnson , Jess Daley, and David Lipsky . Jane Weiller played golf for

8493-967: The University of Iowa , located in Iowa City, Iowa . The Hawkeyes have varsity teams in 20 sports, 7 for men and 13 for women; The teams participate in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and are members of the Big Ten Conference (since 1899). Currently, the school's athletic director is Beth Goetz . Historically, Iowa has been very successful in wrestling , with 37 team Big Ten championships and 24 team national championships. The Hawkeyes have also won national championships in five other sports: men's gymnastics , football , field hockey , rifle and women's track and field. In basketball , Iowa has reached

8642-404: The " Hawkeye Victory Polka ," commonly referred to as "The Beer Song" or "In Heaven There Is No Beer," is played specifically following Iowa football and basketball victories. The school's alma mater is "Alma Mater, Iowa." Iowa has had 12 athletic directors in its history. They are: Iowa has won 26 NCAA national team Championships. Below are 12 national team titles that were not bestowed by

8791-555: The "By the Players" uniforms for the men's basketball program to debut on Senior Day each season. In addition, the football program's CFB 150th Anniversary uniforms, worn in 2019, earned the first place spot on Uniswag's weekly countdown that features the Top 10 college football uniforms each week. In 2010, Northwestern Athletics launched its first-ever wide-ranging marketing campaign in department history. The ongoing "Chicago's Big Ten Team" campaign

8940-458: The 100 meter Big Ten championship in 1999 with a time of 10.51 seconds. The men's and women's track teams have collectively produced 17 different Olympians including 6 medalists. Wrestling at the University of Iowa began with the 1910–1911 season. Under coach E. G. Schroeder, the Hawkeyes wrestled and lost to one opponent that season: Nebraska . The next year, Iowa got its first dual win, over Iowa State . Soon later, in 1914, Oscar Hobbet became

9089-458: The 100-meter freestyle event. In the NCAA Men's Swimming and Diving Championships held from 1924 through 1936, no team points were officially awarded. Northwestern won four unofficial national team championships during these years, which were proclaimed in the newspapers of the time, second only to Michigan's seven. The women's and men's tennis programs compete indoors at Combe Tennis Center within

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9238-530: The 1920s, when Merck began marketing and selling the drug as ephetonin. Ephedrine exports from China to the West grew from 4 to 216 tonnes between 1926 and 1928. Ephedrine was first introduced for medical use in the United States in 1926. It was introduced in 1948 in Vicks Vatronol nose drops (now discontinued) which contained ephedrine sulfate as the active ingredient for rapid nasal decongestion. Ephedrine

9387-520: The 2018 Big Ten regular season crown; and Women's Diver Olivia Rosendahl collecting individual NCAA championships in both 2018 and 2019. The Northwestern Athletics' mascot is Willie the Wildcat . However, the team's first mascot was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw. In fall 1923, Furpaw was driven to the playing field to greet the fans before each game. After a losing season,

9536-452: The 7th with a lead-off double, but could not score. The Hawkeyes then played in the losers' bracket the next day against Temple. But after taking a 6–2 lead into the sixth inning, the Hawkeyes ended up being knocked out of the Series with a 12–8 loss. Arizona State lost the championship game that year to Southern Cal, while Temple finished 3rd. The Hawkeyes finished ranked No. 9 in the nation, still

9685-512: The 8,000 meter race still stands as the sixth-quickest time in school history. To date, Deacon Jones is Iowa's lone national champion, having won the award in 1957. Both Jones and Wieczorek were all-Americans for the Hawkeyes, along with Kevin Herd, Stetson Steele, and Ted Wheeler. Football at the University of Iowa dates back as far as November 27, 1872, when the Iowa Academics played a game against

9834-528: The Big Ten Player of the Year Award twice, in 2000 and 2001. Cleveland and 14 other men's tennis players have named to an all-Big Ten team; Stuart Waters is the most-recent player to have accomplished this, doing so in 2002 and 2003. The team is currently coached by Ross Wilson who is in his 7th year with the program. In indoor track, the Hawkeyes have won three team Big Ten titles, the last coming in 1963. On

9983-682: The Bison to two FCS National Championships. Former Wildcats active in the National Football League going into the 2020 season include Ibraheim Campbell , Austin Carr , Garrett Dickerson , Joe Gaziano , Nate Hall , Blake Hance , Montre Hartage , Justin Jackson , Joe Jones , Tyler Lancaster , Dean Lowry , Sherrick McManis , Ifeadi Odenigbo , Trevor Siemian , Clayton Thorson , Dan Vitale , and Anthony Walker Jr. The Wildcats men's basketball team

10132-484: The Chicago Sky. Northwestern lacrosse has won the national championship in women's lacrosse five straight times, from 2005 to 2009, and then again in 2011 and 2012, giving them 7 championships in 8 years. In 2007, the team joined Maryland as the only other school to three-peat. The run started in 2005, when the team enjoyed a perfect season and defeated many long-established east-coast schools after only five years as

10281-729: The Chicago area through relationships with Chicago sports teams and venues. Under Phillips' direction, Northwestern sports programs have hosted games at U.S. Cellular Field (home of the Chicago White Sox) and Wrigley Field (home of the Chicago Cubs), in addition to partnering with the White Sox, Cubs, Blackhawks, and Arlington Park to host Northwestern-themed promotional days throughout the year. Northwestern Athletics' Studio N debuted The Foundation in 2015. It includes "exclusive access" inside team meetings and road trips in addition to hearing from

10430-455: The Chicago skyline, and other Northwestern facilities including Martin Stadium and Lakeside Field. Ryan Fieldhouse and Wilson Field opened in April 2018. Northwestern Lacrosse hosts a portion of its home schedule inside Ryan Fieldhouse, which is named for University Trustee Patrick G. Ryan and his wife, Shirley. Ryan Fieldhouse's dome shape is based on football punting and kicking trajectories, with

10579-594: The Colonials to 14 regular season or postseason Atlantic 10 titles. McKeown is a native of Philadelphia and was inducted into the Father Judge High School Hall of Fame in 1999. In 2017, the Wildcats saw its highest draft pick in program history with Nia Coffey , selected fifth overall by the San Antonio Stars. The first player drafted in program history was Amy Jaeschke in 2011, selected 27th overall by

10728-719: The FDA did not have proper evidence that low dosages of ephedrine alkaloids are actually unsafe, but on August 17, 2006, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit in Denver upheld the FDA's final rule declaring all dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids adulterated, and therefore illegal for marketing in the United States. Furthermore, ephedrine is banned by the NCAA, MLB, NFL, and PGA. Ephedrine is, however, still legal in many applications outside of dietary supplements. Purchasing

10877-563: The Hawkeyes in four non-consecutive seasons until 1908, compiling a 37–15 record. Iowa began competing in Big Ten games in 1909, and since then the Hawkeyes have won eight regular season Big Ten championships, the last in 1979. Iowa's first Big Ten title came in 1923, under coach Sam Barry . Barry also led the Hawkeyes to their second conference championship in 1926. Following Rollie Williams' 13 seasons, which lasted until 1942, Pops Harrison became coach. Harrison coached at Iowa until 1951, leading

11026-627: The Hawkeyes to eight-straight bowl games from 1981–1988, the longest such streak in program history. Fry was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2015, the Hawks made it to the Rose Bowl and lost to Stanford. Since 1929, the Hawkeyes have played their home games in Kinnick Stadium . Renamed in 1972 in honor of Iowa's lone Heisman Trophy winner, Nile Kinnick , the stadium can currently hold up to 70,585 fans. Kinnick won

11175-573: The Hawkeyes to their first national championship in 1975 and their second in 1976. Iowa lost only one dual match in those two seasons. Following the 1976 national championship, Dan Gable took over as coach. The Hawkeyes finished third on the national level in Gable's first year, but with another national championship in 1978, Iowa began a streak that, at that time, was only matched by Yale 's golf team and Southern California 's track team. From 1978 through 1986, Iowa won nine consecutive national championships,

11324-531: The Hawkeyes to their first unshared Big Ten championship in 1945. Perhaps the most-successful time period in Iowa basketball came under head coach Bucky O'Connor, who coached at Iowa until his death in 1958. Under O'Connor, the Hawkeyes played in two Final Four events, while winning two unshared Big Ten championships. Iowa played in the national championship game against San Francisco in 1956, but lost by 12 after taking an early double-digit lead. The Hawkeyes played in

11473-514: The Hawkeyes went a combined 2–1 (two wins and one loss) against two teams, Cornell and Vinton. To date, Iowa has won eight Big Ten titles, and in 1972 Iowa earned its way to the CWS at Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha with a 13–3 Big Ten record, which is still the best Big Ten winning percentage in Iowa baseball history. That record included another school record that still stands, an 11-game Big Ten winning streak. It

11622-476: The Hawkeyes were the only university to offer Dwyer a scholarship after high school. Men's tennis became a varsity sport at Iowa in 1939, and from that time to the present, the Hawkeyes have won the Big Ten championship once, in 1958. That year, the Hawkeyes recorded a 10–1 team record and finished third at the national level. In 1998, Tyler Cleveland won the Big Ten Freshman of the Year Award. He later won

11771-553: The Hawkeyes won three straight national titles from 1998–2000 and placed ten individual national champions. However, Zalesky was fired following the 2005–2006 season, as the Hawkeyes began to fade on the national level. He was replaced by Tom Brands , who in 2008 led Iowa to its first team national title since 2000. Brent Metcalf and Mark Perry won individual national championships in 2008, with Perry becoming Iowa's 17th four-time all-American. Brands' Hawkeyes also won team NCAA championships in 2009, 2010 and 2021. Women's basketball at

11920-449: The Hawkeyes' first individual Big Ten champion. Iowa's first all-American and national champion came in the 1927–1928 season, with Leslie Beers achieving these honors. Beers wrestled at the 158-pound weight class. Iowa's first Big Ten championship came in 1958, a year in which the Hawkeyes also had 10 dual wins for the first time. However, Iowa would not win another Big Ten title until 1974, under head coach Gary Kurdelmeier. Kurdelmeier led

12069-544: The Heisman Award following the conclusion of the 1939 season , but died on June 2, 1943, in the Gulf of Paria during a World War II training flight. His face can still be seen today, on the coins that officials toss at the beginning of all Big Ten games. Since Iowa began competing in men's golf, the Hawkeyes have won the Big Ten team title once, in 1992. Brad Klapprott won an individual Big Ten championship that year, becoming only

12218-501: The Henry Crown Sports Pavilion and outdoors at the Vandy Christie Tennis Center located along Sheridan Road. Northwestern Tennis matches are free to attend and typically held in the spring. The women's tennis program is led by head coach Claire Pollard, a role that she's been in since 1999. Pollard has transformed the program into a national powerhouse. Pollard has led the Wildcats to the NCAA tournament 21 consecutive times,

12367-699: The Land of Lincoln Trophy after retiring the Sweet Sioux Tomahawk Trophy in 2008. In 1998, two former Northwestern basketball players, Kenneth Dion Lee and Dewey Williams, were charged and convicted for sports bribery. The players were part of a gambling ring and received money to fix three games against other Big 10 schools during the 1995 season. The football team became embroiled in a different betting scandal later that year when federal prosecutors indicted four former players for perjury related to betting on their own games. In August 2001, Rashidi Williams,

12516-756: The NCAA Final Four on six occasions. The men's team has done this three times, most recently in 1980 , and the women's team has also done it three times, in 1993 , 2023 and 2024. The baseball team has reached the College World Series once, in 1972 . Iowa's softball team has played in the Women's College World Series on four occasions, most recently in 2001 . Football home games are played at Kinnick Stadium , while basketball, gymnastics, volleyball, and wrestling events are held at Carver–Hawkeye Arena . The school's baseball team plays at Duane Banks Field and

12665-523: The NCAA Women's Platform Diving championship in both 2017 and 2018, and the Wildcats have been represented in each of the last three Summer Olympic Games, most recently by swimmers Valerie Gruest-Slowing and Jordan Wilimovsky in Rio in 2016. In the summer before his senior season, Wilimovsky became the first American to compete in both indoor and outdoor swimming events in the same Olympics. In 2015, Wilimovsky became

12814-523: The NCAA: The University of Iowa has 129 Big Ten Conference Championships Ephedrine Ephedrine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and sympathomimetic agent that is often used to prevent low blood pressure during anesthesia . It has also been used for asthma , narcolepsy , and obesity but is not the preferred treatment. It is of unclear benefit in nasal congestion . It can be taken by mouth or by injection into

12963-580: The Northwestern University Department of Athletics and Recreation, was long led by Combe Family Vice President for Athletics and Recreation, Dr. James J. (Jim) Phillips. Phillips became Northwestern's 21st director of intercollegiate athletics and recreation in April 2008. Phillips has earned several awards and appointments including the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics (NACDA) Under Armour Athletic Director of

13112-563: The Stockholm 1912 Olympic Games, Northwestern alum, Kenneth Huszagh , won a silver medal (4 x 200-meter freestyle relay) and a bronze medal (100-meter freestyle). During the Melbourne 1956 Olympic Games, Northwestern alum, Nancy Simons Peterson won a silver medal in the 4 x 100-meter freestyle relay event. At the Los Angeles 1932 Olympic Games, Northwestern alum, Albert Schwartz won a bronze medal in

13261-449: The University of Iowa College of Law. However, football was not officially recognized as a varsity sport until November 16, 1889, when the Hawkeyes played against and lost to Grinnell . The next year, Iowa got its first win against Iowa Wesleyan , and since then, the Hawkeyes have won 11 Big Ten championships and have played in 30 post-season bowl games . The Hawkeyes are 18–16–1 in such games, having most recently won against Kentucky in

13410-508: The University of Iowa began in 1974, under head coach Lark Birdsong. The Hawkeyes finished 5–16 that season, getting their first win over Big Ten rival, Minnesota . Birdsong would continue to coach Iowa until the 1978–1979 season, the first winning season in Iowa women's basketball history. Judy McMullen replaced Birdsong, and after coaching at Iowa for four seasons, McMullen was replaced by C. Vivian Stringer in 1983. Prior to her tenure at Iowa, Stringer coached at Cheyney University , and took

13559-457: The University of Iowa in 1917, with David Armbruster as the team's coach. Coaching from 1917–1958, Armbruster led the Hawkeyes to one Big Ten championship, in 1936. He was followed by Robert Allen, who coached the Hawkeyes until 1975. Under Allen, Iowa's best finish in the Big Ten was fifth, on two occasions. Glenn Patton was next in the line of coaches, and during his tenure, the Hawkeyes won two Big Ten championships and finished as high as eighth on

13708-424: The University of Iowa to become the last of all the Big Ten schools to have won a national championship in an NCAA-sponsored sport. The Hawkeyes have also won seven Big Ten team titles, the last coming in 1998. On the individual level, 12 Hawkeyes have won national championships. Michael Reavis is Iowa's most-recent national champion, having won on vault in 2005. Men's swimming became a sanctioned varsity sport at

13857-495: The Wildcats have a 106–3 record. The Wildcats are led by head coach Kelly Amonte-Hiller , a role that she's been in since 2002. Most recently, the Wildcats won their first ever Big Ten Championship in 2019, won their first ever Big Ten regular season championship in 2021, and repeated as national champions for an 8th time in 2023. The Northwestern Fencing program competes in the Central Collegiate Conference and has

14006-471: The Wildcats hosted the Evanston Regional for the first time in 11 years. Drohan was named Big Ten Coach of the Year for the third time in her career in 2019 after leading the Wildcats to a 47–13 overall record, 21–2 in Big Ten play, collecting the most conference wins in program history and the program's longest winning streak since 1985 of 20 games. Drohan earned her 600th career win on April 9, 2019, with

14155-422: The Wildcats includes: Northwestern Football's bowl game victories (2016–2018, 2020, and 2023) and its 2018 and 2020 Big Ten West title; Women's Basketball winning the 2020 Big Ten regular season championship; Women's Lacrosse winning the 2019 and 2021 Big Ten tournament title, 2021 Big Ten Regular Season title, and 2023 national championship; Women's Field Hockey winning the 2021 NCAA tournament title and returning to

14304-460: The Wildcats' head coach for 23 seasons and amassed a 640–512–3 record. In June 2020, Northwestern Athletics elevated Katie Robinson to Director of Swimming and Diving, making her the second female to hold the position overseeing both men's and women's programs in the Power-5 conferences. Northwestern Swimming and Diving has earned tremendous success over time. Three-time All-American Olivia Rosendahl won

14453-487: The Wildcats. Before 1924, they were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists." The name Wildcats was bestowed upon the university in 1924 by Wallace Abbey, a writer for the Chicago Daily Tribune who wrote that even in a loss to the University of Chicago , "Football players had not come down from Evanston; wildcats would be a name better suited to Coach Glenn Thistletwaite's boys." The team

14602-517: The Year in both 2012 and 2016, the 2018 Sports Business Journal Athletic Director of the Year, and Vice Chair of the 2020–21 NCAA Men's Basketball Selection Committee, expected to chair the committee in the following year. Phillips leads the department with focus on providing student-athletes with a "world-class experience" that enables them to thrive academically, socially, and athletically. Under Phillips' leadership, Northwestern student-athletes have achieved impressive academic feats. Northwestern scored

14751-422: The case of the sulfate salt, its generic name is ephedrine sulfate or ephedrine sulphate and the former is its USAN Tooltip United States Adopted Name while the latter is its BANM Tooltip British Approved Name . A synonym of ephedrine sulfate is isofedrol . These names all refer to the (1 R ,2 R )- enantiomer of ephedrine. The racemic form of ephedrine is known as racephedrine and this

14900-416: The championship game in 2023; Softball earning the 2019 and 2022 NCAA Regional Championship in Evanston and reaching the 2022 Women's College World Series; Wrestling's Sebastian Rivera winning an individual Big Ten championship in 2019 and Ryan Deakin winning an individual NCAA championship in 2022; Fencing claiming multiple Midwest Fencing Conference championships in 2018, 2019 and 2021; Women's Tennis securing

15049-699: The coaches and players on the sidelines and in the locker room. The Foundation won the Chicago/Midwest Regional Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sports Programs – Program Series in December 2017 and has earned multiple NACDA/SVG College Sports Video awards. "The Foundation: Expect Victory" was an eight-episode series that reviewed Northwestern Football's run to the 1995 Big Ten Championship and Rose Bowl game. The series aired on Wednesdays during fall 2020 on NBC Sports Chicago and each episode

15198-491: The completion of a new state-of-the-art boathouse. Prior to that time the rowing Hawkeyes had no permanent home, but instead their boats were housed in an excess area of the Iowa Advanced Technology Laboratories. The new P. Sue Beckwith, M.D. Boathouse is named after the benefactor, a former University of Iowa basketball letter-winner, who gave the seed money that made the boathouse possible. The boathouse

15347-423: The death of her husband Bill. Angie Lee replaced Stringer, and led the Hawkeyes to a Big Ten championship in her first season. Under Lee, Iowa won another Big Ten title in 1998, but success began to wane soon thereafter. Lee's successor as head coach was Lisa Bluder , The Hawkeyes have won two regular season Big Ten championship and four Big Ten tournament championships, recently winning both titles in 2022 and

15496-406: The department's first-ever community relations position, dedicated to connecting the department with the community. Moreover, Northwestern Athletics launched the ongoing "Chicago's Big Ten Team" campaign and the first master facility plan study with Phillips at the helm. Phillips has a bachelor's degree from the University of Illinois, a master's degree in education from Arizona State University, and

15645-454: The eight World Series berths. The Hawkeyes opened the 1972 CWS against #1-ranked Arizona State, who entered the game with an incredible record of 60 wins and only 4 losses. But Iowa, a huge underdog, outhit the Sun Devils 8–3 only to lose, 2–1. Iowa had the tying run thrown out at the plate in the 9th inning, and left another runner at third as the final out was made. Iowa had also threatened in

15794-537: The elimination round. In the 2023-24 season, the Hawkeyes fell to the Kansas Jayhawks in the post season, but won over Kansas State in their final playoff match. Most recently, Iowa took first in the Hawkeye Classic rugby Sevens tournament, with a notable victory over long-time rival and historically accomplished Iowa State team. Iowa plays its matches at the University of Iowa Rugby Fields on Hawkeye Park Road. Iowa

15943-453: The experimental log P of methamphetamine is 2.1, of amphetamine is 1.8, of pseudoephedrine is 0.89, of phenylpropanolamine is 0.7, of phenylephrine is -0.3, and of norepinephrine is -1.2. Methamphetamine has high brain permeability, whereas phenylephrine and norepinephrine are peripherally selective drugs . The optimal log P for brain permeation and central activity is about 2.1 (range 1.5–2.7). Ephedrine hydrochloride has

16092-525: The face of the clock tower on south campus in Northwestern purple. In addition, Northwestern Football honors former head coach Randy Walker with a pregame "Walk with Us" event before each home football game where the band, cheerleaders, and fans greet the team as they arrive to Ryan Field and head to the locker room. Additionally, the Northwestern Wildcats share an intrastate rivalry with the Illinois Fighting Illini and its football programs play for

16241-460: The fifth-longest streak by an active head coach at the same program. The Wildcats have earned 15 Big Ten regular season titles and 17 Big Ten tournament titles, including a string of 16-straight conference titles through 2014. Northwestern has also had 2 NCAA doubles championships in 1987 and 2006. Head coach Arvid Swan currently leads the Wildcats men's tennis program. Swan guided Northwestern to six consecutive NCAA appearances, beginning in 2009, and

16390-547: The generosity and leadership of Trustee J. Landis Martin and Sharon Martin. The stadium is also home to the lacrosse program. The men's soccer program is currently led by Tim Lenahan, a role that he's been in since 2001. Lenahan surpassed a career milestone of 300 career wins on September 24, 2019, with a come-from-behind overtime victory over the UIC Flames. Lenahan is the winningest coach in Northwestern Men's Soccer history and

16539-403: The hazing took place." The Daily Northwestern reported on July 10 that Northwestern's football team had a "culture enabling racism." Following The Daily's reporting, Northwestern University president Michael H. Schill wrote in a letter to the community that he "failed to sufficiently consider [Fitzgerald's] failure in levying a sanction." On July 10, Fitzgerald was fired. On July 24, 2023, it

16688-492: The highest national ranking in the history of Iowa Hawkeye baseball. Future Major Leaguer Jim Sundberg , catcher from Galesburg, Ill., was one of the team leaders. The Hawkeyes featured several Iowans in the starting lineup, including Tom Hurn (1B – Cedar Rapids), Mike Kielkopf (2B-Ottumwa), Brad Trickey (3B-Cedar Rapids), along with the top two starting pitchers, Mark Tschopp (Cedar Rapids) and Bill Heckroth (Dysart). Iowa plays its home games at Duane Banks Field , whose namesake

16837-491: The individual level, Iowa has had 64 Big Ten championships. Nine-time Big Ten champion Bashir Yamini won three of his Big Ten titles in indoor competitions. Named the 1996 Big Ten Indoor Freshman of the Year, Yamini won the indoor long jump every year from 1997 through 1999. 10 Iowa relays have also been named Big Ten champions, most-recently in 1989. In outdoor track competition, Iowa has won team Big Ten titles in 1963, 1967, 2011, 2019, and 2021. Their 2011 championship ended

16986-449: The lakefront. The Wildcats are led by head coach Tracey Fuchs, a role that she's been in since 2009. Fuchs has led the Wildcats to two Big Ten titles and three NCAA tournament appearances. Under Fuchs' direction, the Wildcats have posted winning seasons in 10 of her 11 seasons. The Northwestern Wildcats field hockey team has gathered 6 regular season Big Ten titles and 1 tournament title in addition to 14 NCAA tournament appearances. In 2021,

17135-463: The last five seasons. Three Wildcats were drafted in the 2019 NWSL College Draft: Kayla Sharples (Chicago Red Stars), Marisa Viggiano (Orlando Pride), and Hannah Davison (Chicago Red Stars). The Northwestern softball program is led by head coach Kate Drohan, a role that she's been in since 2002. Kate Drohan leads the Wildcats with her twin sister, Caryl Drohan, the program's associate head coach. After 19 seasons, Kate Drohan's career record includes

17284-402: The likelihood of side effects. Ephedrine should be used with caution in patients with inadequate fluid replacement, impaired adrenal function, hypoxia , hypercapnia , acidosis , hypertension , hyperthyroidism , prostatic hypertrophy , diabetes mellitus , cardiovascular disease, during delivery if maternal blood pressure is >130/80 mmHg, and during lactation. Contraindications for

17433-566: The most accessible arena in college athletics and seats 7,039. The team is cheered on by the Wildside student section. The Northwestern women's basketball team is led by Joe McKeown (pronounced Mick-Q-ann), a role that he's been in since 2008. Most recently, McKeown led his Wildcats team to a regular season Big Ten title in the 2019–20 season, tying the program's best 26 wins in a single season. McKeown earned his 700th career win on December 20, 2019. McKeown previously coached at George Washington. He led

17582-400: The most by a first-year coach in Iowa history. Men's basketball as a varsity sport at the University of Iowa began in 1902, but it was on January 18, 1896, that Iowa played the University of Chicago in the first five-on-five college basketball game. The Maroons won that game, 15–12. Six years later, men's basketball became a sanctioned varsity sport under head coach Ed Rule. Rule coached

17731-602: The most memorable Northwestern Football season was in 1995 as the Wildcats won the Big Ten Championship and saw their first Rose Bowl berth in nearly 50 years. Despite recent success, the Wildcats still hold the record for the longest losing streak in Division I-A football with 34 consecutive losses between 1979 and 1982. Following the sudden death of football coach Randy Walker in 2006, 31-year-old and former All-American Northwestern linebacker Pat Fitzgerald assumed

17880-431: The national level. Currently, Marc Long is Iowa's men's and women's swimming coach. On 19 occasions has a men's swimmer at Iowa won an individual national championship. Ray Walters was the Hawkeyes' first national champion, having won the 50 meter freestyle in 1936. Nine of Iowa's national championships in men's swimming, however, are credited to Artur Wojdat , who competed at the collegiate level from 1989–1992. Wojdat

18029-440: The nitrogen atom. Also the steric orientation of the hydroxyl group is important for receptor binding and functional activity. Ephedrine exhibits optical isomerism and has two chiral centres, giving rise to four stereoisomers . By convention, the pair of enantiomers with the stereochemistry (1 R ,2 S ) and (1 S ,2 R ) is designated ephedrine, while the pair of enantiomers with the stereochemistry (1 R ,2 R ) and (1 S ,2 S )

18178-467: The official chant, "Go U! NU!” and the Wildcats' fight song, "Go U! Northwestern!” A secondary fight song is "Rise Northwestern (Push on Song),” the final 4-measure tag (ending with a shouted "Go 'Cats!”) of which is often played after first downs. The alma mater is played by the Marching Band and sung by fans, students, and the team after each game. Victories by the football team are celebrated by lighting

18327-568: The past 20 years, finishing second at the 2014 Big Ten 7s tournament, and the 2015 Big Ten West 7s tournament. After coming close to achieving a Top 25 ranking in 2011, Iowa would be ranked as high as 17th in the nation after their final match of their 2014 season, and being ranked 20th in the final Canterbury D1A Poll of the 2014-15 season. Iowa would go on to make the USA Rugby 7s National Championships in back-to-back years, 2015 and 2016, moving on as runners-up in their group in 2015 before falling in

18476-407: The peak of the dome reaching 87 feet above the surface of Wilson Field, named for Trustee Steve Wilson and his wife, Sue. Wilson Field is striped for NCAA regulation football, soccer, and lacrosse, with movable bleacher seating and an automated netting system designed to subdivide the space for use by multiple groups. Iowa Hawkeyes The Iowa Hawkeyes are the athletic teams that represent

18625-428: The position becoming the youngest Division I FBS coach at the time. The Wildcats earned their first-ever Big Ten West title and berth in the Big Ten Championship game in 2018. Fitzgerald was named the consensus Big Ten Coach of the Year and a finalist for the 2018 Dodd Trophy that season. Most recently, Fitzgerald earned the 2020 Dodd Trophy Coach of the Year. Fitzgerald was fired as head coach on July 10, 2023, following

18774-477: The presence of a hydroxyl group (–OH). Chemically, ephedrine is an alkaloid with a phenethylamine skeleton found in various plants in the genus Ephedra (family Ephedraceae ). It is most usually marketed as the hydrochloride or sulfate salt . It has an experimental log P of 1.13, while its predicted log P values range from 0.9 to 1.32. The lipophilicity of amphetamines is closely related to their brain permeability . For comparison to ephedrine,

18923-472: The program claims 9 Big Ten titles as well as 16 NCAA appearances. The Northwestern Baseball program is led by head coach Spencer Allen, a role that he's been since 2015. Since 1943, Rocky and Berenice Miller Park has been the home stadium to this team. This program has made 1 NCAA appearance in 1957. The Northwestern Cross Country only has a women's program. This team is led by recently joined head coach, Jill Miller. Miller attended Wake Forest University and

19072-669: The school to new heights when she led the Wolves to the national championship game in 1982. Beginning with the 1983–1984 season, Stringer coached at Iowa for 12 seasons. In that time, the Hawkeyes won six Big Ten championships, played in nine NCAA tournaments, and reached the Final Four in 1993. Unprecedented attention was shown to the Hawkeyes under Stringer, as evidenced by the record-setting 22,157 fans that watched Iowa play Ohio State on February 3, 1985, in Carver–Hawkeye Arena . Stringer, however, left Iowa to coach at Rutgers in 1995, following

19221-465: The school. In 1946 and 1957, Phyllis Otto and Mariam Bailey , respectively, won the women's individual intercollegiate golf championship (an event conducted by the Division of Girls' and Women's Sports (DGWS) – which later evolved into the current NCAA women's golf championship). The men's and women's soccer teams play home games at Lanny and Sharon Martin Stadium, opened in March 2016 and named to honor

19370-455: The second Iowa men's golfer to do so. He was preceded only by John Jacobs, who achieved the individual conference championship in 1946. Sean McCarty also added to the 1992 team's accolades in winning the Big Ten Freshman of the Year award. In 1995, McCarty became Iowa's first and only men's golf all-American. Iowa's men's gymnastics team is credited with winning the first NCAA national championship in school history in 1969. This, in turn, allowed

19519-485: The softball team plays at Bob Pearl Softball Field. The University of Iowa currently fields 22 varsity teams, competing in the Big Ten Conference . Three men's teams – gymnastics, swimming and diving, and tennis – were eliminated after the 2020–21 academic year to help address a projected $ 60–75   million deficit related to the COVID-19 pandemic . Iowa began playing baseball in 1890, when

19668-545: The team decided that Furpaw was the harbinger of bad luck and Willie made his debut ten years later in 1933. Willie initially debuted as a logo, coming to life later in 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed up as him during the Homecoming parade. Now, Willie attends at least one event of each varsity sport throughout the year and dons replica uniforms whenever possible. Northwestern's athletic teams are nicknamed

19817-634: The team tied for 5th at the College Championship in Boulder, Colorado. In 2012, they accomplished the same feat, tying for 5th again in Boulder, Colorado. Then in 2013, Saucy made it back into the College Championship in Madison, Wisconsin, and this time tied for 3rd. The University of Iowa Rugby Football Club plays college rugby in the Heart of America conference of D1AA Rugby. Iowa rugby has had some success in

19966-776: The team won the NCAA tournament, followed by a championship game appearance in 2022. The Northwestern Wildcats wrestling program hosts home matches in Welsh-Ryan Arena and practices in the Ken Kraft Wrestling Room, located in Anderson Hall. The Wildcats are led by Matt Storniolo, a role that he's been in since 2016. The Wildcats have had 40 Big Ten individual champions in addition to 10 NCAA individual champions and 75+ All-Americans. The men's golf team has won eight Big Ten Conference championships: 1925, 1937, 1939, 1948, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006. They have twice placed second in

20115-538: The tournament championship in 2023 with a team led by superstar guard Caitlin Clark . In 2023, the team advanced to the Final Four in Dallas, TX as a #2 seed after defeating Southeastern Louisiana (#15), Georgia (#10), Colorado (#6), and Louisville (#5). Bluder retired after the 2023-24 season and was replaced by assistant Jan Jensen. Women's rowing became a varsity sport at the University of Iowa in 1994 at which time Mandi Kowal

20264-512: The use of ephedrine include: closed-angle glaucoma , phaeochromocytoma , asymmetric septal hypertrophy (idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis), concomitant or recent (previous 14 days) monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) therapy, general anaesthesia with halogenated hydrocarbons (particularly halothane), tachyarrhythmias or ventricular fibrillation, or hypersensitivity to ephedrine or other stimulants. Ephedrine should not be used at any time during pregnancy unless specifically indicated by

20413-456: The women's soccer team hazing its freshmen . The whole team was suspended for a time as a result. In the wake of the incident, head coach Jenny Haigh resigned and was replaced by Stephanie Erickson, the school's all-time leader in goals and points. On July 7, 2023, Northwestern University announced that football head coach Pat Fitzgerald would be put on a two-week suspension after an independent investigation into hazing allegations revealed that

20562-492: The world champion in 10 km water race. Matt Grevers , a Northwestern alum, won two gold medals (100-meter backstroke, 400-meter medley relay) and a silver medal (400-meter freestyle relay) at the 2012 London Olympic Games. At the 1924 Paris Olympic Games, four Northwestern alums won gold medals- Ralph Breyer (4 x 200-meter freestyle relay), Sybil Bauer (100-meter backstroke), Richard Howell (4 x 200-meter freestyle relay) and Robert "Bob" Skelton (200-meter breaststroke). At

20711-527: Was Iowa's first outright Big Ten baseball title since 1939, and the last one since, although the Hawkeyes did earn ties for the conference championship in 1974 and 1990. But that 1972 Iowa team fought its way to Omaha the hard way, losing its first game in the regional tournament, then winning doubleheaders on consecutive days on the campus of Bowling Green University in Ohio. Lose one of those four games, and Iowa goes home. In 1972, only conference champions competed for

20860-532: Was a diver on the United States Olympic Team in 2008 after completing her career diving for the University of Iowa. She was a 4-time US National Champion in individual and synchronized springboard events. She placed 8th on the 3 meter springboard at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. On September 23, 2021, Iowa announced that it would add women's wrestling for the 2023–24 school year. The NCAA does not hold

21009-501: Was a four-time NCAA Cross Country Championships qualifier and was part of the program's first Atlantic Coach Conference title in 2002. The Northwestern Volleyball program is coached by Shane Davis, a role that he's been in since 2015. The program plays their home games at the renovated Welsh-Ryan Arena. The Walter Athletics Center is the last in a series of new lakefront athletics and recreation facilities to be developed during We Will. The Campaign for Northwestern. Walter Athletics Center

21158-464: Was also given to people in the territory of Iowa (the state is now known as the Hawkeye State). Two men, Judge David Rorer and James G. Edwards, sought out to popularize the nickname, and were rewarded when territorial officials gave their approval. The nickname gained a palpable symbol in 1948 when a cartoon character was created. Later named Herky, it was created by Richard Spencer III. The mascot

21307-399: Was also referred to in the article as "a Purple wall of wildcats." The name was so popular that university board members made "Wildcats" the official nickname just months later. In 1972, the student body voted to change the official nickname from "Wildcats" to "Purple Haze" but the new name never stuck. The Northwestern Wildcats have several traditions relating to its athletics teams including

21456-497: Was an 18-time all-American, a 10-time Big Ten champion, and a four-time national champion in the 500 yard freestyle event. Wojdat also won the bronze medal in the 400 meter freestyle at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , South Korea . Receiving NCAA Swimmer of the Year in 2010 & 2011 while on the University of Florida swim team, Olympian Conor Dwyer swam with the Hawkeyes swim team on scholarship for his first two collegiate seasons:

21605-411: Was hired as head coach. In 1997 and 1998 the Hawkeyes' varsity 4 (V4+) was invited to the NCAA Championships; 1997 marked the first NCAA rowing championships. The Hawkeyes made a whole team appearance at Nationals in 2001. With the combined novice and varsity teams, the Hawkeyes typically have 70–80 rowing athletes, making it the second-largest team on campus, second only to football. Fall 2009 brought

21754-480: Was instantly popular among fans and gained its name through a statewide contest. A man named John Franklin suggested the Herky name. Since the mid-1950s, Herky has been a fixture at Iowa football games and has played a prominent role in all Iowa athletic events. Iowa's primary school colors are black and old gold . The school's fight songs are " On Iowa! ," the " Iowa Fight Song ," and " Roll Along Iowa ." A fourth song,

21903-525: Was released online after each airing. The Northwestern Wildcats football team has evidence of organization as early as 1876, but evidence confirms that Northwestern football was played in 1882 as a group of Northwestern men played a "football heat" against a group of Lake Forest men. The Wildcats have since achieved an all-time high rank of No. 1 during the 1936 and 1962 seasons, which has thus far not been duplicated. The team plays home games at Ryan Field in Evanston, Illinois. Northwestern Football has played in

22052-512: Was revealed that hazing had taken place in 2021 within the volleyball program and that the school had covered it up. Head coach Shane Davis was quietly suspended and put on leave throughout the course of the investigation. Northwestern would continue to employ Davis through the 2023 season before firing him after the season ended. In July 2023, Northwestern fired the baseball head coach, Jim Foster, after one season due to engaging in bullying and abusive behavior. Northwestern Athletics, also known as

22201-461: Was withdrawn, in part, in 2000 because of "concerns regarding the agency's basis for proposing a certain dietary ingredient level and a duration of use limit for these products." In 2004, the FDA created a ban on ephedrine alkaloids marketed for reasons other than asthma, colds, allergies, other disease, or traditional Asian use. On April 14, 2005, the U.S. District Court for the District of Utah ruled

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