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57-771: In 1879, Northfield, Massachusetts native Dwight Lyman Moody (1837–99) established the Northfield Seminary for Young Ladies (renamed to the Northfield School for Girls in 1944) in his hometown. Two years later, he established a brother school, the Mount Hermon School for Boys , across the Connecticut River in Gill, Massachusetts . The schools were consolidated into a single non-profit corporation in 1912, but operated separately until 1971. Moody initially envisioned

114-585: A conflict of interest in the case, because, according to Judicial Watch , she was secretary and trustee for the Community Foundation for Southeastern Michigan (CFSEM), a group that made a $ 45,000 grant over two years to the ACLU of Michigan, the plaintiff in ACLU v. NSA in whose favor Taylor ruled. Taylor's ruling was subsequently overturned by the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. By

171-438: A high school. Students would attend, drop out, and return based on the family's economic needs back home. In 1903, the schools reportedly enrolled 1,200 students and received at least four applicants for every vacancy. On campus, the schools tended to provide a "community life of minimum expenditure." The schools operated a campus farm, and all students (both boys and girls) were required to perform some kind of labor to help fund

228-683: A new seat created by 92 Stat. 1629. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 31, 1979, and received her commission on November 2, 1979. She served as Chief Judge from 1996 to 1998. She assumed senior status on December 31, 1998, serving in that status until her death on November 4, 2017, in Grosse Pointe Woods , Michigan, after battling an illness. In 1960, Taylor married United States Representative Charles Diggs ; they divorced in 1971. In 1976, she married S. Martin Taylor,

285-447: A permanent injunction to halt it. The ruling, whose effect was stayed pending appellate proceedings, sparked a vigorous political and legal controversy . She declined to rule on the legality of the alleged NSA call database , on state-secrets grounds. The quality and comprehensiveness of her opinion have been criticized by some legal experts. The conservative watchdog organization Judicial Watch has alleged that Taylor may have had

342-597: A popular option for students seeking to bolster their academic and athletic resumes before applying to college. In 2014, the Harvard Crimson wrote that NMH "has become the standard layover destination for [postgraduate basketball] players in the Ivy League ." (The previous year, 47.7% of Ivy League men's basketball players had prep school experience.) According to the NMH website, "[o]ver the past 15 years, NMH has sent 45 players to

399-702: A regent of the University of Michigan . In 2006, Taylor was the first federal judge to rule on the legal and constitutional issues of the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy . Her ruling in ACLU v. NSA held that the domestic wiretapping conducted by the National Security Agency without court approval violates the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and is unconstitutional . She granted

456-460: A result of King Philip's War and after a series of massacres of local Indian villages. During Dummer's War , on August 13, 1723, Gray Lock raided Northfield, and four warriors killed two citizens near the town. The next day they attacked Joseph Stevens and his four sons in Rutland . Stevens escaped, two boys were killed, and the other two sons were captured. Much of Northfield's development in

513-618: Is a Pennsylvania truss structure of impressive design, which crosses the river in one span of 515 feet (157 m). In 1971 the Northfield Mount Hermon School was formed by the merger of the Northfield Seminary and the Mount Hermon School for boys, which Moody had founded in 1881 in nearby Gill . The school continued to operate as one school with two campuses some 5 miles (8 km) apart on opposite banks of

570-682: Is also home to a cross-country skiing area at Northfield Mountain, which is also traversed by the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail . Northfield is located at the junction of the Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont state borders along the Connecticut River. The town center is located 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Greenfield , 44 miles (71 km) north of Springfield , 52 miles (84 km) northwest of Worcester and 84 miles (135 km) west-northwest of Boston . The town

627-401: Is bordered by Vernon , Windham County, Vermont , and Hinsdale and Winchester , Cheshire County, New Hampshire , to the north, Warwick to the east, Erving to the south, Gill to the southwest and Bernardston to the northwest. The town has no interstate highways, the closest being Interstate 91 in neighboring Bernardston, the nearest exit being along Route 10 , which enters through

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684-537: Is no other public transportation within town. The nearest private airport is Turners Falls Airport in nearby Montague , with the nearest national air service being 65 miles (105 km) south at Bradley International Airport in Connecticut . The town has a boat ramp near Schell Bridge. It is the only town on the Connecticut River that is on both sides of the river, except for Pittsburg, New Hampshire , Wethersfield, Connecticut , and Haddam, Connecticut . As of

741-683: Is responsible for identifying a viable owner for the property. In 2017, the NFC agreed with Thomas Aquinas College (TAC) of Santa Paula, California on a plan for TAC to open its second campus on the Northfield site. Classes at TAC's Northfield campus began in August 2019. In June 2016, The Trust for Public Land and the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation ensured the complete and permanent protection of 1,300 acres of forest land which

798-487: The Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy , and the schools eventually shifted to "a more liberal brand of Protestantism." Compulsory attendance at most Sunday chapel services was abolished in 1970. Northfield Mount Hermon has a long tradition of educating minority and international students. (D. L. Moody was harshly criticized for his failure to oppose the emerging segregation movement when visiting

855-529: The United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 35.4 square miles (91.6 km ), of which 34.3 square miles (88.8 km ) is land and 1.1 square miles (2.8 km ), or 3.07%, is water. Northfield is the only town in Franklin County to be divided by the Connecticut River, though only partially; the river forms the southwestern border of town. Several brooks flow directly into

912-682: The Wayne State University School of Labor and Industrial Relations from 1972 to 1975. She was the supervising assistant corporation counsel for the City of Detroit Law Department from 1975 to 1979. She was an adjunct professor at Wayne State University Law School from 1976 to 1977. Taylor was nominated by President Jimmy Carter on May 17, 1979, to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan , to

969-508: The census of 2000, there had been 2,951 people, 1,158 households, and 815 families residing in the town. The population density was 85.8 inhabitants per square mile (33.1/km ). There were 1,262 housing units at an average density of 36.7 per square mile (14.2/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 98.51% White , 0.10% Black or African American , 0.20% Native American , 0.20% Asian , 0.03% from other races , and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of

1026-399: The 1920s, the rule was that "[n]o student was accepted if he could afford the fees of more expensive schools"; as a result, the students were "drawn largely from families at or near the poverty line," and as late as 1914, a majority of male students at Mount Hermon had previously worked in an occupation or trade. In 1903 two-fifths of Northfield students did not live within commuting distance of

1083-472: The 2023–24 school year, the school enrolled 630 students, 37% of whom were on financial aid. The student-teacher ratio remained constant at 6:1. In the 2023–24 school year, 23% of the student body came from abroad, and 33% of the American students (25.4% of the student body) identified as people of color. NMH is currently conducting a fundraising campaign which aims to raise $ 225 million, including $ 120 million for

1140-582: The Connecticut River until 2005 when the school consolidated its operations on the Mount Hermon campus in Gill. The school's former campus in Northfield was purchased by Hobby Lobby, an Oklahoma -based chain of arts and crafts stores, as of December 2009 to be used as the campus for the new C.S. Lewis College, run by the California -based C.S. Lewis Foundation. Renovation began on the disused buildings in summer 2010, and

1197-633: The Connecticut River within town, with the others (on the east side of the hills) leading into the Millers River , itself a tributary of the Connecticut. The western banks lie near Pond Mountain, whose peak is in neighboring Bernardston. To the east of the river are several mountains in the Upper Bald Hills, including Northfield Mountain , Brush Mountain (the highest point in town), Beers Mountain, South Mountain, Notch Mountain and Hogback Mountain (along

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1254-492: The Ivy League, which is more than 3x the amount of any other program." In February 2024, the school announced plans to build a new hockey rink (to open in 2025-26) and to convert its existing hockey rink into a new set of basketball and tennis courts (to open in 2026). The project is estimated to cost $ 20 million. William G. Morgan , the inventor of volleyball, graduated from Mount Hermon in 1893. NMH also claims to have invented

1311-592: The New Hampshire border). The southeastern corner of the town is protected as part of the Northfield State Forest, with part of the northwest corner protected as part of Satan's Kingdom Wildlife Management Area. Most of the inhabited areas in town lie along the Connecticut River, and the town's main villages include East Northfield, Mount Hermon Station, Gill Station, Northfield Farms, and Sky Farm (between Brush Mountain and Northfield State Forest). The town

1368-598: The Nipmuk, attributes this village to the Nipmuc. The territory was successfully defended a number of times by Native Americans . The Battle on Beer's Plain occurred in Nothfield in 1675. Peter Jethro , a Praying Indian, a son of Tantamous , a Nipmuc originally from Concord who was reputed to be a pauwau , spent a brief stint in the Northfield area as a Christian minister before a massacre plunged him into King Philip's War. During

1425-558: The Northfield Hotel which was across the street. A golf course was installed on the large grass lawns of the hotel. In the 1960s, Northfield Mount Hermon School purchased the hotel and the Chateau. It was decided they did not want to manage these venues and the hotel and the Chateau were demolished. The school failed to notify guests of the closing of the Hotel and people were still arriving while

1482-479: The Northfield schools in the 1940s and 1950s, including judges William C. Pryor and Anna Diggs Taylor and civil rights attorney James Nabrit III , who argued (and won) Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education . In 1963 Mount Hermon's president pioneered a program to prepare black students to attend private schools, which developed into the A Better Chance program. Sixteen of Northfield Seminary's first 100 students were Native Americans. In an era where

1539-519: The South in 1876; he founded Northfield Seminary three years later.) As late as 1950, the Northfield schools were two of a handful of New England boarding schools admitting African-American students. One of Mount Hermon's first graduates, Thomas Nelson Baker Sr. , was a freed slave who became the first African-American to obtain a PhD in philosophy in the United States. Several notable black lawyers attended

1596-505: The U.S. government sought to relocate Native Americans to federal boarding schools , Moody sought to train Native teachers who would return to their communities and open local schools. At Mount Hermon's first commencement in 1887, one student addressed the audience "in his native language, for the representatives of the Sioux, Shawnee, and Alaskan tribes in the school." Henry Roe Cloud , class of 1906,

1653-402: The average family size was 3.04. In the town, the population's age was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males. The median income for a household in

1710-521: The building was being demolished. All that is left today is the golf course and some former workers maintenance buildings. Northfield Mount Herman School sold the property to Snow's Landscaping in the 2010s. Snow's manages the Northfield Golf Club and event venue. The Vermont and Massachusetts Railroad had established rail service to Northfield by 1850, along a line running from Millers Falls, Massachusetts , to Brattleboro, Vermont . Even though

1767-508: The college expected to open for instruction in fall 2012, pending accreditation, but failed to meet the necessary funding threshold. Moody's birthplace and grave site, located on the Northfield campus, remain as a historic site. In December 2013, Hobby Lobby donated the auditorium, used for Moody's religious conventions, and the school's original Romanesque Revival buildings and grounds to the National Christian Foundation, which

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1824-598: The creation and enforcement of policy and general decision-making, among other responsibilities. The town is part of the 2nd Franklin District in the Massachusetts House of Representatives , represented by Susannah Whipps , and the Hampshire, Franklin and Worcester Senate district, represented by Jo Comerford . Anna Diggs Taylor Anna Katherine Diggs Taylor ( née Johnston; December 9, 1932 – November 4, 2017)

1881-500: The endowment ($ 65 million for financial aid, $ 10 million for faculty salaries, $ 45 million for general purposes) and $ 55 million for facility improvements. The school was a major filming location for Alexander Payne 's 2023 film The Holdovers , standing in for the fictional Barton Academy. In the 2023–24 school year, NMH charged boarding students $ 72,647 and day students $ 48,302, plus other mandatory and optional fees. International students were charged an additional $ 3,345. 37% of

1938-453: The expenses of running two campuses. It sold Northfield's academic core in 2009 and the surrounding grounds in 2016. Since 2019, Northfield has hosted a satellite campus of California-based Catholic liberal arts college Thomas Aquinas College . Since the downsizing, NMH's faculty and student body have shrunk, but the share of students on financial aid has not increased. In 2003, NMH educated 1,124 students, 42% of whom were on financial aid. In

1995-487: The late nineteenth century was spurred by the work of evangelist Dwight Lyman Moody , a native of Northfield who established the Northfield Seminary for Girls in 1879 on a sweeping hillside in East Northfield. The school was the site of Moody's religious conferences, which attracted thousands of visitors to Northfield each summer. The influx of visitors led to the development of the town as a summer resort, especially after

2052-462: The ministerial program, whose curriculum was designed to be sufficiently rigorous that a graduate could "enter the ministry or a related field without further formal education." An Evangelical preacher, D. L. Moody sought "to provide a Christian education for [students] of high purpose and limited means." The schools charged low tuition ($ 100/year in 1881) compared to other boarding schools and relied heavily on donations from Moody's followers. Through

2109-544: The northernmost portion of Gill before it crosses the Connecticut River over the Bennett's Meadow Bridge . The Route 10 bridge is the only active car bridge within town; the smaller Schell Bridge lies inactive (since 1985) near the Vermont state line, and the old Vermont & Massachusetts Rail Bridge lies between them. For 2.5 miles (4.0 km), Route 10 shares a concurrency with Route 63 , which passes from neighboring Erving to

2166-524: The opening of the Northfield Hotel in 1887. Francis Schell, a New York capitalist attracted by his interest in Moody's work at the Northfield Seminary, commissioned architect Bruce Price to design a summer home, which became known as the Northfield Chateau . Patterned after a French château but fanciful in style with prominent turrets and 99 rooms. The chateau was later converted into a guest house to go with

2223-409: The population. There were 1,158 households, out of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.4% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and

2280-466: The railway crossed the Connecticut River in Northfield, East Northfield Station was actually located in West Northfield, making it necessary for disembarking passengers to travel back across the Connecticut River on the lower deck of the rail bridge. To provide for safer and more convenient access across the river, Francis Schell gave $ 45,000 for the construction of a new steel bridge. The Schell Bridge

2337-425: The school's operations. Today, each student is still required to hold a job on campus, working three hours a week. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Northfield schools shifted to a more conventional college-preparatory boarding school model. Enrollment remained high; by 1930, the schools' combined enrollment made the institution the largest private secondary school in the United States. Mount Hermon's ministerial curriculum

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2394-418: The schools as a source of terminal education; in the early days, some of the students were in their thirties. The schools offered separate programs of study to accommodate its student body's varying goals. Each offered a college-preparatory course and a technical course. For a while, Mount Hermon also offered courses in agriculture and for future ministers. In the early days, most Mount Hermon students enrolled in

2451-478: The schools still educated large numbers of working- and middle-class students; in 1963, the school announced that it would double its financial aid budget, putting 60% of students on scholarship. The cost of providing a college-preparatory education has increased over time, and the school's reliance on wealthy students has increased accordingly. The percentage of scholarship students halved from 1963 to 2015. The schools' ties to Evangelical Christianity weakened amidst

2508-623: The south into Hinsdale to the north. Route 10 also passes into New Hampshire and the town of Winchester, as it heads north towards nearby Keene . Additionally, most of Route 142 passes through the town towards Vernon, Vermont, and nearby Brattleboro . The Amtrak Vermonter line passes through the town daily, offering train service between many of the cities along the Eastern Seaboard . However, it no longer stops at Northfield (the nearest stops are in Greenfield and Brattleboro) and there

2565-477: The sport of Ultimate Frisbee in 1968. The Rhodes Arts Center houses a concert hall, a black-box theater, and art and music rehearsal spaces and practice rooms. Memorial Chapel houses a 2-manual 27-stop, 37-rank tracker organ with a pedal compass of 30, and a manual compass of 56. Northfield, Massachusetts Northfield is a town in Franklin County , Massachusetts , United States. Northfield

2622-555: The strongest athletic programs in New England. Notable teams include boys' basketball (2013 national title, 4 New England titles), boys' cross country (27 New England titles), track and field (8 New England titles), boys' soccer (7 New England titles, the most of any school), girls' volleyball (7 New England titles), girls' basketball (5 New England titles), wrestling (5 New England titles), and girls' alpine skiing (3 New England titles). In recent years, NMH's postgraduate program has become

2679-684: The student body is on financial aid , which covers, on average, $ 56,314 (77.5% of tuition) for boarding students and $ 34,361 (71.1% of tuition) for day students. The school commits to meet 100% of an admitted student's demonstrated financial need. NMH's financial endowment stood at $ 185.9 million as of June 30, 2023. In its Internal Revenue Service filings for the 2021–22 school year, NMH reported total assets of $ 311.8 million, net assets of $ 212.4 million, investment holdings of $ 178.0 million, and cash holdings of $ 23.3 million. NMH also reported $ 36.7 million in program service expenses and $ 9.1 million in grants (primarily student financial aid ). NMH has one of

2736-403: The town was $ 49,141, and the median income for a family was $ 56,816. Males had a median income of $ 40,396 versus $ 28,615 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 21,517. About 3.6% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over. The town is governed by a five-member selectboard, charged with

2793-527: The war, Peter Jethro freed a settler who was being held captive near Northfield. As a result of the conflict, New England settlers were occasionally taken north to Quebec , held as hostages by the French , causing the town to revert to American Indian control a few times. Eventually, conflicts with the Native American population ceased after most of the native population was displaced and/or sold into slavery as

2850-740: Was Harvard's first Chinese graduate. Pixley Seme , the founder and president of the African National Congress , graduated from NMH in 1902. In 1889 Mount Hermon enrolled 37 international students from 15 countries, mostly Canada and the British Isles; 3 students came from East Asia, 3 from Turkey, and 1 from Africa. In 1904 it enrolled 113 international students from 27 countries, including 14 from Asia. From 2004 to 2005, NMH closed its Northfield campus and announced that it would halve its enrollment. The school explained that it wanted to reduce its high operating costs, including faculty salaries and

2907-659: Was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan . Born in Washington, D.C. as Anna Katherine Johnston, she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Barnard College in 1954. She received a Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School in 1957. She was an attorney in the Office of Solicitor of the United States Department of Labor in Washington, D.C. from 1957 to 1960. She

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2964-571: Was an assistant prosecutor in Wayne County , Michigan , from 1961 to 1962. She was an Assistant United States Attorney of the Eastern District of Michigan in Detroit , Michigan, in 1966. She was a legislative assistant and Detroit office manager for United States Representative Charles Diggs from 1967 to 1970. She was in private practice of law in Detroit from 1970 to 1975. She was an adjunct professor at

3021-551: Was eliminated, and although a minority of Mount Hermon graduates went on to college during the Moody years, by the 1940s "virtually all [Mount Hermon boys] did so," as did half the girls at Northfield. During the Great Depression , many Americans proved unable to pay even the Northfield schools' relatively low tuition fees. As such, the schools began accepting wealthy students in the 1930s. Tuition increased from $ 324 in 1929 to $ 2,600 by 1963, quadrupling in real terms. Nonetheless,

3078-479: Was first settled in 1673. The population was 2,866 at the 2020 census . It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area . The Connecticut River runs through the town, dividing West Northfield from East Northfield and the village of Northfield, where the town hall is located. Part of the town is included in the census-designated place of Northfield . The village of Skakeat/Squakheag

3135-557: Was previously the Northfield campus and owned by the Northfield Mount Hermon School for over a century. Although now a permanent part of the Northfield State Forest, it had been the largest parcel of unprotected land in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . The property includes woodlands, trails and a reservoir which will be managed by the DCR to ensure public access for recreation as well as serve as important habitat for wildlife. According to

3192-519: Was the first Native American to graduate from Yale. The Athabascan Walter Harper attended the school in the 1900s after becoming the first man to summit Denali . In the 1970s and 1980s, the school educated two of "the first Navajos to matriculate at Princeton." The Northfield schools were also reputed for their openness to international students, many of whom were referred to the schools by American missionaries. They have educated students from Asia since at least 1886; and Chan Loon Teung, class of 1892,

3249-511: Was the site of modern-day Northfield and was home to the Nashaway Nipmuc and Sokoki Abenaki . Northfield was first colonized by European settlers in 1673 and was officially incorporated in 1723. Indian Land Deeds for Hampshire County, Including Later Berkshire, Franklin, and Hampden Counties, gives the name of the otan (village) as Squakheag (a Nipmuk name), also Skakeat (Sokoki Abenaki). John Eliot , in his Brief Narrative...History of

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