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Corona, Queens

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75-486: Corona is a neighborhood in the borough of Queens in New York City . It borders Flushing and Flushing Meadows–Corona Park to the east, Jackson Heights to the west, Forest Hills and Rego Park to the south, Elmhurst to the southwest, and East Elmhurst to the north. Corona's main thoroughfares include Corona Avenue, Roosevelt Avenue , Northern Boulevard , Junction Boulevard , and 108th Street. Corona has

150-592: A community space for the ethnically diverse population of Corona. In 2005, the nearby Queens Museum began applying for permits to temporarily close off the streets that allowed vehicle access to the plaza and hosted public events (typically art based) that the residents of the community could attend. Seeing the lot's future potential, the Queens Museum partnered with the Queens Economic Development Corporation (QEDC) to develop plans to reuse

225-451: A multicultural population with a Latino majority, and is the site of historic African-American and Italian-American communities. After World War II, the majority of the neighborhood's residents were mostly Italian , German , Irish and of other European ancestries. Corona also has a significant Chinese population. Corona is mostly part of Queens Community District 4 . The section north of Roosevelt Avenue, known as North Corona ,

300-410: A residents' committee ; these are subdivided into residents' small groups of fifteen to forty families. In most urban areas of China, neighbourhood , community , residential community , residential unit , residential quarter have the same meaning: 社区 or 小区 or 居民区 or 居住区 , and is the direct sublevel of a subdistrict ( 街道办事处 ), which is the direct sublevel of a district ( 区 ), which

375-503: A cheaper price joined the competition and fashion trends started to change, decreasing the demand for them, thus leading to the decline of the Panama Hat Trade in 1950s, and 1960s. This heavily affected the working class that actually weaved the hats and the elites whom ran the exportation sites. Laborers had to migrate out of their isolated region in hopes to find job opportunities. A wave of Ecuadorians emigrated to New York City through

450-508: A country's location and at the time Ecuador was not a busy stop for travelers. Business people realized that a few miles north, a very busy stop for travelers seeking to go west during the California Gold rush; Panama. One of the only ways to go west from the east coast or Canada quickly and safely was to travel by sea to Panama, cross the Isthmus and continue the journey by sea. Panama became

525-796: A high level of regulation of social life by officials. For example, in the Tang period Chinese capital city Chang'an, neighbourhoods were districts and there were state officials who carefully controlled life and activity at the neighbourhood level. Neighbourhoods in preindustrial cities often had some degree of social specialisation or differentiation. Ethnic neighbourhoods were important in many past cities and remain common in cities today. Economic specialists, including craft producers, merchants, and others, could be concentrated in neighbourhoods, and in societies with religious pluralism neighbourhoods were often specialised by religion. One factor contributing to neighbourhood distinctiveness and social cohesion in past cities

600-509: A high population of residents who are uninsured . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 25%, which is higher than the citywide rate of 12%. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in Corona and Elmhurst is 0.0077 milligrams per cubic metre (7.7 × 10 oz/cu ft), slightly higher than the city average. Fifteen percent of Corona and Elmhurst residents are smokers , which

675-520: A lower ratio of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018. While 28% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 30% have less than a high school education and 42% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Queens residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Corona and Elmhurst students excelling in math rose from 36% in 2000 to 66% in 2011, and reading achievement rose from 42% to 49% during

750-890: A new wave of immigrants from Latin America . The area north of Roosevelt Avenue contained the heart of the historic African-American community. The intersection of 108th Street and Corona Avenue is the historic center of the Italian-American community, sometimes referred to as Corona Heights. The majority Hispanic community now consists of Dominicans, Colombians , Ecuadorians , Salvadorans , Guatemalans , Bolivians , Peruvians , Mexicans , Venezuelans , and Chileans . There are also Asian Americans ( Chinese , Indians , Koreans , Filipinos , and Japanese ) as well as Italian Americans and African Americans. Dorie Miller Residential Cooperative, built in 1952, comprises six buildings, containing 300 apartments, with 1,300 rooms in total. The cooperative

825-541: A non-fatal assault rate of 34 per 100,000 people, Corona's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 227 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole. The 110th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 83.2% between 1990 and 2020. The precinct reported four murders, 29 rapes, 270 robberies, 359 felony assaults, 196 burglaries, 485 grand larcenies, and 138 grand larcenies auto in 2020. Corona

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900-463: A public health hazard by the early 20th century, and was renovated in 1912; it was removed altogether when the park was renovated in 1947. The second was Shady Lake, located at what is now the intersection of 53rd Avenue, Corona Avenue, and 108th Street. The pond, originally used to harvest ice, was drained in the 20th century; the Lemon Ice King of Corona and William F. Moore Park are now located near

975-420: A small area within a town or city. The label is commonly used to refer to organisations which relate to such a very local structure, such as neighbourhood policing or Neighbourhood watch schemes. In addition, government statistics for local areas are often referred to as neighbourhood statistics, although the data themselves are broken down usually into districts and wards for local purposes. In many parts of

1050-490: A unit of analysis. In mainland China , the term is generally used for the urban administrative division found immediately below the district level, although an intermediate, subdistrict level exists in some cities. They are also called streets (administrative terminology may vary from city to city). Neighbourhoods encompass 2,000 to 10,000 families. Within neighbourhoods, families are grouped into smaller residential units or quarters of 100 to 600 families and supervised by

1125-554: Is Our Lady of Sorrows Roman Catholic Church at 104th Street and 37th Avenue was built in 1899 largely out of red brick with a nearby convent of the same period. Today it conducts most of its masses in Spanish and attracts large weekend crowds. On January 4, 2015, the church burned; it was rebuilt in 2016. The Congregation Tifereth Israel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. Corona and Elmhurst generally have

1200-513: Is a neighborhood point of interest. The shop attracts international tourists due to having been featured in the opening credits of the TV show The King of Queens . Corona used to have three kettle ponds . One of them, Linden Pond, was located a block south of 103rd Street–Corona Plaza station and was the centerpiece of Park of the Americas , located near the original center of Corona. The pond had become

1275-768: Is about 4.7%, and it has the largest Ecuadorian community of any county in New York and in the United States, numbering just about 101,000 in 2010. Ecuadorians are the 2nd largest South American Hispanic group in New York City as well as in the State of New York. Ecuadorians are the fifth largest Hispanic group in New York after Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, Colombians, and Mexicans. Ecuadorians also constitute Queens County's 2nd largest Hispanic group. Another New York group of Ecuadorians live in

1350-465: Is about the same as the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 68% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", lower than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Corona and Elmhurst, there are 16 bodegas . The Elmhurst Hospital Center is located in Elmhurst. In 2020, the neighborhoods of Corona, East Elmhurst , Elmhurst , and Jackson Heights were most affected by

1425-406: Is equal to the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Corona and Elmhurst, 20% of residents are obese , 9% are diabetic , and 23% have high blood pressure —compared to the citywide averages of 20%, 14%, and 24%, respectively. In addition, 24% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%. Eighty-eight percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which

1500-751: Is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 17% are between the ages of 0–17, 39% between 25 and 44, and 24% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 8% and 12%, respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 4 was $ 51,992. In 2018, an estimated 27% of Corona and Elmhurst residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in fourteen residents (7%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or

1575-478: Is named after Doris "Dorie" Miller , a U.S. Naval hero at Pearl Harbor and the first African-American recipient of the Navy Cross . Among its original residents were jazz greats Nat Adderley & Jimmy Heath ; Kenneth and Corien Drew, publishers of Queens' first African-American newspaper, The Corona East Elmhurst News , Thelma E. Harris founder of Aburi Press and prominent Queens Judge Henry A. Slaughter. Corona

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1650-451: Is served by two New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations: As of 2018, preterm births are less common in Corona and Elmhurst than in other places citywide, but births to teenage mothers are more common. In Corona and Elmhurst, there were 83 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 25.8 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Corona and Elmhurst have

1725-473: Is that real estate developer Thomas Waite Howard, who became the first postmaster in 1872, petitioned to have the post office name changed to Corona in 1870, suggesting that it was the "crown of Queens County". A third theory is that the name Corona derives from the crown used as an emblem by the Crown Building Company, which is said to have developed the area. The Italian immigrants who moved into

1800-577: Is the direct sublevel of a city ( 市 ). (See Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China ) The term has no general official or statistical purpose in the United Kingdom, but is often used by local boroughs for self-chosen sub-divisions of their area for the delivery of various services and functions, as for example in Kingston-upon-Thames or is used as an informal term to refer to

1875-577: Is the northern section of Corona and is in Community District 3 . Corona is patrolled by the 110th and 115th Precincts of the New York City Police Department . The area was originally known as West Flushing, but various theories have arisen for its etymology. One theory is that it was renamed by music producer Benjamin W. Hitchcock , a developer who renamed the area in 1872 and sold off land for residential development. Another theory

1950-446: Is well documented for historical Islamic cities. In addition to social neighbourhoods, most ancient and historical cities also had administrative districts used by officials for taxation, record-keeping, and social control. Administrative districts are typically larger than neighbourhoods and their boundaries may cut across neighbourhood divisions. In some cases, however, administrative districts coincided with neighbourhoods, leading to

2025-466: The 9th largest Latin American group in the United States . Until the 1960s, very few Ecuadorians migrated to the United States. Between the years of 1930 to 1959, 11,025 Ecuadorians received lawful permanent resident status in the United States. From here, slow trickles of emigration continued. Trade relations with and seasonal migration to New York became an avenue for emigration in the 1950s and 1960s. In

2100-664: The Bronx , in the Morris Heights and Highbridge neighborhoods north of Yankee Stadium . Still other Ecuadorian neighborhoods are situated in Brooklyn ; in New Jersey cities such as Newark and Jersey City ; and in towns in Connecticut . The 10 states with the largest Ecuadorian population were (Source: Census 2020 ): The U.S. state with the smallest Ecuadorian population (as of 2010)

2175-575: The COVID-19 pandemic in New York City . As of August 10, these communities, with a cumulative 303,494 residents, had recorded 12,954 COVID-19 cases and 1,178 deaths. COVID-19 cases in ZIP Codes 11368 and 11369 were the highest of any ZIP Code in New York City. Corona is covered by ZIP Code 11368. The United States Post Office operates two post offices in Corona: the Corona A Station at 103-28 Roosevelt Avenue and

2250-541: The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 also was a factor in Ecuadorian emigration. It provided legal status to undocumented immigrants who arrived prior to 1982. This provided nearly 17,000 Ecuadorian immigrants with legal residency status, which allowed for them to reside in the United States permanently. This became a major source of family-sponsored Ecuadorian migration to the country. Emigration again peaked in

2325-559: The 1900s, Clarence Perry described the idea of a neighbourhood unit as a self-contained residential area within a city. The concept is still influential in New Urbanism . Practitioners seek to revive traditional sociability in planned suburban housing based on a set of principles. At the same time, the neighbourhood is a site of interventions to create Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFCC) as many older adults tend to have narrower life space. Urban design studies thus use neighbourhood as

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2400-476: The 1970s, most of the Ecuadorians came from the northern and central highlands, including the area around Quito . In the 1980s, many Ecuadorians came from the coast. In the 1990s, most of them came from the southern highlands, near the border with Peru . The majority of Ecuadorian immigrants emigrate into New York City and its surrounding suburbs. The 1990 census recorded that 60 percent of Ecuadorians living in

2475-437: The 20th century, the area that is now Corona Plaza was a lot that connected the street to a row of mainly immigrant-owned businesses. The neighborhood of Corona had an overflow of immigrants who struggled to find employment which exacerbated illegal trading, much of which would occur through the use of trucks that could park in this unofficial lot. By the early 21st century, Corona Plaza was gradually given more attention and became

2550-573: The Elmhurst Station at 59-01 Junction Boulevard. There are many churches representing diverse denominations. Antioch Baptist Church at 103rd Street and Northern Boulevard is a prominent African American congregation dating to 1936 with a membership of 700. Saint Leo Catholic Church, established in 1903 in what was once Sycamore Avenue and Elm Street, is a Roman Catholic church located at 104 Street and 49th Avenue in South Corona. In North Corona there

2625-591: The New York City and New Jersey Area. Of all the Ecuadorians the migrate to the U.S., 62 percent of them reside in NYC as of 2005 research. In 1964 Ecuador passed the Land Reform, Idle Lands, and Settlement Act. The law was an attempt to end the feudal system that had existed in the Sierra for centuries. It redistributed land from absentee landlords to the peasants who farmed it. The law set the minimum amount of land to be granted in

2700-553: The UK wards are roughly equivalent to neighbourhoods or a combination of them. In the United States and Canada , neighbourhoods are often given official or semi-official status through neighbourhood associations , neighbourhood watches or block watches. These may regulate such matters as lawn care and fence height, and they may provide such services as block parties , neighbourhood parks and community security . In some other places

2775-684: The United States live in the New York City Metropolitan Area ; while another 10% live in Miami. In 2008, the Great World Recession made for a decline in Ecuadorian emigration. This event also hindered two of Ecuador’s major cash flows: remittances and exports. To aid in the country's recovery, the then Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa implemented the Welcome Home Plan. The plan attempted to fight unemployment and served to boost

2850-683: The White residents were less than 5000. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of North Corona was 52,037, a change of 4,881 (9.4%) from the 47,156 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 413.24 acres (167.23 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 125.9 inhabitants per acre (80,600/sq mi; 31,100/km). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 1.8% (929) White, 4.9% (2,566) African American, 0.1% (67) Native American, 6.9% (3,597) Asian, 0% (5) Pacific Islander, 0.7% (351) from other races, and 0.5% (259) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 85.1% (44,263) of

2925-482: The center. Meeting space is available to community organizations by application. Special features of the Center include: The New York City Subway 's IRT Flushing Line ( 7 and <7> ​ trains) runs through the neighborhood with stops at Mets–Willets Point , 111th Street , 103rd Street–Corona Plaza , and Junction Boulevard . The Q23 , Q38 , Q48 , Q58 , Q66 , Q72 and Q88 buses also serve

3000-586: The country’s largest and main source of revenue. Another cause of Ecuadorian emigration was the El Niño event during 1982–1983. Other resources existing within Ecuador were severely damaged due to the extreme climate conditions caused by El Niño, which included floods, landslides, and torrential rains. Their fishing industry, another source of revenue, especially suffered due to a failed anchovy harvest and sardines unexpectedly moving south toward Chilean waters. The passage of

3075-435: The early 2000s, Community Development Corporations, Rehabilitation Networks, Neighbourhood Development Corporations, and Economic Development organisations would work together to address the housing stock and the infrastructures of communities and neighbourhoods (e.g., community centres). Community and Economic Development may be understood in different ways, and may involve "faith-based" groups and congregations in cities. In

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3150-472: The economy by encouraging migrants to come home through various ways, including aiding returnees in their own business ventures. Ecuadorians had been sewing straw hats ever since the 16th century with the introduction of the Spanish Elites, it was not until 1835 when Manuel Alfaro would start an exportation business that would increase Ecuador's GDP. The success of selling and trading goods relies heavily on

3225-759: The equivalent organization is the parish , though a parish may have several neighbourhoods within it depending on the area. In localities where neighbourhoods do not have an official status, questions can arise as to where one neighbourhood begins and another ends. Many cities use districts and wards as official divisions of the city, rather than traditional neighbourhood boundaries. ZIP Code boundaries and post office names also sometimes reflect neighbourhood identities. Ecuadorian Americans Ecuadorian Americans ( Spanish : ecuatorio-americanos , norteamericanos de origen ecuatoriano or estadounidenses de origen ecuatoriano ) are Americans of full or partial Ecuadorian ancestry. Ecuadorian Americans are

3300-408: The following may serve as a starting point: "Neighbourhood is generally defined spatially as a specific geographic area and functionally as a set of social networks. Neighbourhoods, then, are the spatial units in which face-to-face social interactions occur—the personal settings and situations where residents seek to realise common values, socialise youth, and maintain effective social control." In

3375-458: The journey to the states typically ranging from $ 6–10,000 with 10-15% interest, and Ecuador as a whole benefited from remittances sent back. So far in 2019, 780 million of Ecuador's GDP is accounted through remittances which is the second highest source of revenue. Ecuador's regional migration industry is much like the Panama Hat industry in the sense that only a few members run the operation, where

3450-964: The land remained highly unequal. In 1982, 80 percent of the farms consisted of less than ten hectares; yet these small farms accounted for only 15 percent of the farmland. Many Ecuadorians in the United States have settled in cities such as New York City (most residing in various areas of Queens , as well as in Bushwick and Fordham ); Ossining , New York ; Hudson , New York ; Washington Heights ; Danbury , Connecticut ; Jersey City , New Jersey ; Union City , New Jersey ; Newark , New Jersey ; Plainfield , New Jersey ; Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ; Chicago , Illinois ; Orlando , Florida ; Tampa , Florida ; Fort Lauderdale , Florida ; Miami , Florida ; Houston , Texas ; Dallas , Texas ; San Antonio , Texas ; Minneapolis , Minnesota ; San Francisco , California ; Los Angeles , California ; and Cleveland , Ohio . Queens County's percentage of Ecuadorians

3525-563: The late 1960s, several waves of migration started. Most Ecuadorian immigration to the United States has occurred since the early 1970s. This emigration was because of several reasons: The first of them was that United States immigration law changed. Before 1965, national quotas on immigrants favored more European immigration than Latin American immigration. After 1965, changes in immigration law made it easier for Latin Americans and other foreign groups to emigrate to United States. In addition,

3600-413: The location where manufacturers from Ecuador, specially in the region of Cuenca would export their hats, making Cuenca a Hat industry. A fond importer and buyer of these Hat was the United States, specifically New York. Usually women were in charge of weaving the hats and men were in charge of the business side. Although the hats were very beautifully hand crafted and took months of manufacture, imitations at

3675-608: The most extensive collections of African-American art and literature in the Langston Hughes Community Library and Cultural Center, which serves Queens with reference and circulating collections, totaling approximately 30,000 volumes of materials written about or relating to black culture. The Black Heritage Reference Center of Queens County includes books, periodicals, theses and dissertations, VHS videos, cassettes and CDs, photographs, posters, prints, paintings, and sculpture. Cultural arts programs are scheduled through

3750-477: The neighborhood was 8.4% (4,851) White, 13.6% (7,845) Black, 0.2% (130) Native American, 12.7% (7,346) Asian, 0% (9) Pacific Islander, 0.5% (280) from other races , and 1.3% (723) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 63.3% (36,474) of the population. The entirety of Community Board 4, which comprises Corona and Elmhurst, had 135,972 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.4 years. This

3825-549: The neighborhood. Notable current and former residents of Corona include: Chinatowns : Other articles: Neighborhood A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English) is a geographically localized community within a larger city , town , suburb or rural area , sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with considerable face-to-face interaction among members. Researchers have not agreed on an exact definition, but

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3900-431: The neighbourhood as a small-scale democracy , regulated primarily by ideas of reciprocity among neighbours. Neighbourhoods have been the site of service delivery or "service interventions" in part as efforts to provide local, quality services, and to increase the degree of local control and ownership. Alfred Kahn, as early as the mid-1970s, described the "experience, theory and fads" of neighbourhood service delivery over

3975-475: The new housing stock referred to the neighborhood by the Italian or Spanish word for "crown", or corona . Corona was a late-19th-century residential development in the northeastern corner of the old Town of Newtown. Real estate speculators from New York started the community in 1854, the same year that the New York and Flushing Railroad began service to the area largely to serve a newly opened race course. It

4050-549: The percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 62% in Corona and Elmhurst, higher than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51%, respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Corona and Elmhurst are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . As according to the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning , Corona had 51,500 Hispanic residents, there were between 10,000 and 19,999 Asian residents, and 5,000 to 9,000 Black residents, meanwhile

4125-592: The pioneer migrants reached NYC their families and friends joined as well, leading to a mass out migration in duding the 1980s, and 1990s after the 1980 economic crisis that left a majority of Ecuadorians, even those living in the urban areas unemployed. The exportation of people was facilitated by the only way that Ecuadorians knew, with the help of intermediary guides, who would provide financial needs, foraged papers, and other necessary services in their host countries. These intermediaries, known as "tramitadores," would profit through high interest rates imposed on prices for

4200-471: The plaza are funded by the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT), which has also partnered with the Queens Museum to bring programming to the newly transformed space. The plaza was fully implemented in early 2018 at a cost of around $ 5.6 million. Corona Plaza is recognized by urban planning circles as a project that has created a new community space. According to the 2010 census ,

4275-461: The political turmoil of 1996–97 and the national banking crisis of 1998–99. This turmoil placed seventy percent of Ecuadorians below the poverty line by 1997. Most immigrants who live in the United States send money home. Many immigrants get U.S. citizenship, others simply are legalized, while other groups live illegally, crossing the border from Mexico or entering by boat from Puerto Rico . Ecuadorian Americans come from every part of Ecuador. During

4350-400: The population of the greater neighborhood. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Corona south of Roosevelt Avenue was 57,658, a change of 5,576 (9.7%) from the 52,082 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 462.74 acres (187.26 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 124.6 inhabitants per acre (79,700/sq mi; 30,800/km). The racial makeup of

4425-539: The population. The 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning showed North Corona having between 30,000 and 39,999 Hispanic residents, meanwhile each the White, Black, and Asian residents were all each less than 5,000 residents. Corona is patrolled by the 110th and 115th Precincts of the New York City Police Department (NYPD), located at 94-41 43rd Avenue and 92-15 Northern Boulevard, respectively. The 110th Precinct ranked 15th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. As of 2018, with

4500-613: The presence of social neighbourhoods. Historical documents shed light on neighbourhood life in numerous historical preindustrial or nonwestern cities. Neighbourhoods are typically generated by social interaction among people living near one another. In this sense they are local social units larger than households not directly under the control of city or state officials. In some preindustrial urban traditions, basic municipal functions such as protection, social regulation of births and marriages, cleaning and upkeep are handled informally by neighbourhoods and not by urban governments; this pattern

4575-460: The price of air travel lowered making immigration more accessible to Latin Americans. They were drawn to the U.S. for economic opportunities and political freedoms. In the early 1980s, Ecuadorian emigration also saw a spike as oil prices fell due in part by the 1980s oil glut . The reduced demand for oil following the 1970s energy crisis caused for a surplus of crude oil. This resulted in Ecuador suffering an economic recession, as oil accounted for

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4650-571: The prior decade, including discussion of income transfers and poverty. Neighbourhoods, as a core aspect of community, also are the site of services for youth, including children with disabilities and coordinated approaches to low-income populations. While the term neighbourhood organisation is not as common in 2015, these organisations often are non-profit, sometimes grassroots or even core funded community development centres or branches. Community and economic development activists have pressured for reinvestment in local communities and neighbourhoods. In

4725-544: The redistribution at 4.8 hectares. However, the land redistributed to the peasant farmers was of terrible quality. It was mountainous, unfertile land and often just barely larger than the minimum required amount of land. The large farm owners kept the fertile valley land for themselves. The peasant farmers who received these small plots of land, called minifundios , received little to no government assistance. In spite of these difficulties, however, by 1984 over 700,000 hectares had been distributed to 79,000 peasants. Distribution of

4800-587: The same connections established during the Hat trade, they were known as "pioneer migrants". Migration to New York was very regionally focused in Ecuador, due to the Ecuadorians high economic reliance on the revenue that the exportation industry created, which was only in Cuenca and Azuay. Ecuador was so involved in this type of economic system because of the impact of pre and post Spanish colonial rule, and thus instead of exporting hats they started to export their own people. When

4875-807: The same time period. Corona and Elmhurst's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is less than the rest of New York City. In Corona and Elmhurst, 11% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year , lower than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 81% of high school students in Corona and Elmhurst graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%. The following public elementary schools are located in Corona and serves grades K–5 unless otherwise indicated: The following public middle and high schools are located in Corona: The Queens Public Library contains three branches in Corona: Corona also houses one of

4950-404: The second half of the 1940s through the 1960s, many legendary African-American musicians, civil rights leaders and athletes moved to the neighborhood. In the last half of the 20th century, Corona saw dramatic ethnic successions . In the 1950s, what was predominantly an Italian-American and African-American neighborhood began to give way to an influx of Dominicans . In the late 1990s, Corona saw

5025-399: The site. A third, Backus Lake at 98th Street and 31st Avenue, was also considered a nuisance by the 1900s, and was drained in 1917. Corona Plaza, located at Roosevelt Avenue and National Street, was previously an underutilized lot and truck route that was transformed over the course of several years into a pedestrian plaza for community programming and inclusive living. In the latter half of

5100-518: The space. The partners saw this as an opportunity for grassroots, art-led engagement that would unite residents. The two groups' individual intentions both contributed to the creation of the permanent plaza: the QEDC supports developing local businesses while the Queens Museum creates a stronger presence in the neighborhood for its arts programs, The space was first transformed in 2012 as a temporary plaza with chairs and tables that prohibited through traffic. It

5175-423: The total population of Corona was about 110,000. Corona’s population is overwhelmingly Hispanic; all other demographic groups (Asian, non-Hispanic black, and non-Hispanic white) form a significantly smaller share than they do for the borough as a whole. Corona is divided into two neighborhood tabulation areas, Corona (south of Roosevelt Avenue) and North Corona (north of Roosevelt Avenue), which collectively comprise

5250-433: The tramitadores were members of one family in an Azyuan town and money lenders as well In 2000, 400,000 Ecuadorians joined the other one million already residing in the United States. Today stricter immigration policies are in effect forcing Ecuadorians that are already here to stay permanently. This transnational migration of Cuenca and New York City continues today. Ecuadorians are the third largest Latin American group in

5325-426: The words of the urban scholar Lewis Mumford , "Neighborhoods, in some annoying, inchoate fashion exist wherever human beings congregate, in permanent family dwellings; and many of the functions of the city tend to be distributed naturally—that is, without any theoretical preoccupation or political direction—into neighborhoods." Most of the earliest cities around the world as excavated by archaeologists have evidence for

5400-497: Was also the childhood home of Marie Maynard Daly , the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry. The Louis Armstrong House attracts visitors to the neighborhood and preserves the legacy of musician Louis Armstrong , one of Corona's most prominent historical residents. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976. The Lemon Ice King of Corona, an ices shop , is located at 52nd Avenue, Corona Avenue, and 108th Street. Founded in 1944 by Peter Benfaremo, it

5475-516: Was at the Fashion Race Course in 1858 that the first games of baseball to charge admission took place. The games, which took place between the All Stars of Brooklyn and the All Stars of New York , are commonly believed to be the first all-star baseball games and in essence the birthplace of professional baseball. A trophy baseball from this tournament sold in 2005 for nearly $ 500,000. During

5550-492: Was later made permanent by the Department of Design and Construction , which filled in the lot with concrete, added built-in seating and a performance space, new pedestrian lighting, and plants to reinforce the liveliness. Later added was a drinking fountain, WalkNYC wayfinding signs, bike racks to serve commuters, an automatic pay toilet, and more furniture. Maintenance and technical assistance (including daily cleaning) services for

5625-482: Was the role of rural to urban migration. This was a continual process in preindustrial cities, and migrants tended to move in with relatives and acquaintances from their rural past. Neighbourhood sociology is a subfield of urban sociology which studies local communities Neighbourhoods are also used in research studies from postal codes and health disparities , to correlations with school drop out rates or use of drugs. Some attention has also been devoted to viewing

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