Misplaced Pages

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38-634: A colliery historically discharged waste water into North Branch Shamokin Creek. A number of bridges have been constructed over the creek. Its drainage basin is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. However, the creek is incapable of supporting aquatic life, including fish and macroinvertebrates. North Branch Shamokin Creek begins in a valley near Big Mountain, in the census-designated place of Wilburton Number Two , in Conyngham Township, Columbia County. The creek flows west-southwest through

76-424: A CDP name "be one that is recognized and used in daily communication by the residents of the community" (not "a name developed solely for planning or other purposes") and recommend that a CDP's boundaries be mapped based on the geographic extent associated with inhabitants' regular use of the named place. There is no provision, however, that this name recognition be unanimous for all residents, or that all residents use

114-525: A Migratory Fishery. In 1999, electrofishing in the creek failed to turn up any fish life. It is not stocked by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission . The creek also lacks any macroinvertebrates and is incapable of supporting aquatic life due to its acidity. Algae flourishes in a deep mine discharge in the watershed of North Branch Shamokin Creek due to a lack of predators. Census-designated place A census-designated place ( CDP )

152-693: A change of atmospheric conditions. Stagnant water in the presence of decaying matter will typically have an oxygen concentration much less than 100%, which is due to anaerobic bacteria being much less efficient at breaking down organic material. Similarly as in water, oxygen concentration also plays a key role in the breakdown of organic matter in soils. Higher oxygen saturation allows aerobic bacteria to persist, which breaks down decaying organic material in soils much more efficiently than anaerobic bacteria. Thus, soils with high oxygen saturation will have less organic matter per volume than those with low oxygen saturation. Environmental oxygenation can be important to

190-412: A pH closer to neutral during high flow conditions. The water quality of the creek has improved slightly since the early 2000s. Its average pH has risen from 3.2 to 3.7. The concentrations of acidity and alkalinity in the creek are 81.88 and 1.54 milligrams per liter (0.08179 and 0.00154 oz/cu ft), while the daily loads are 2,082.8 and 39.2 pounds (944.7 and 17.8 kg). Between 1999 and 2003,

228-455: A population of at least 10,000. For the 1970 Census , the population threshold for "unincorporated places" in urbanized areas was reduced to 5,000. For the 1980 Census , the designation was changed to "census designated places" and the designation was made available for places inside urbanized areas in New England. For the 1990 Census , the population threshold for CDPs in urbanized areas

266-409: A thickness of up to 14 feet (4.3 m). The creek passes through an axis perpendicular to coal strata in the area. There are underground mine complexes throughout the watershed of North Branch Shamokin Creek. The Mid Valley Discharge is in the creek's watershed. Half of its flow is lost to the nearby Mahanoy Creek watershed. Some loss in the watershed of North Branch Shamokin Creek also reappears in

304-413: Is 1,027 feet (313 m) above sea level . The elevation of the creek's source is between 1,480 and 1,500 feet (450 and 460 m) above sea level. In one reach, North Branch Shamokin Creek passes between two ridges known as Red Ridge and Green Ridge, or Jamies Ridge. There are occurrences of coal in the creek's watershed. One coal bed , where the creek flows between Red Ridge and Green Ridge, has

342-463: Is 144 pounds (65 kg). It requires a 96 percent reduction to meet its total maximum daily load requirements. In 2000, the concentrations of recoverable sodium and potassium in the creek near Mount Carmel were 4.0 and 1.3 milligrams per liter (0.0040 and 0.0013 oz/cu ft), while the concentrations of recoverable magnesium and calcium were 20.0 and 20.3 milligrams per liter (0.0200 and 0.0203 oz/cu ft). Between 1999 and 2003,

380-532: Is a concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as the counterparts of incorporated places , such as self-governing cities , towns , and villages , for the purposes of gathering and correlating statistical data. CDPs are populated areas that generally include one officially designated but currently unincorporated community, for which

418-500: Is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium at the given temperature. It can be measured with a dissolved oxygen probe such as an oxygen sensor or an optode in liquid media, usually water. The standard unit of oxygen saturation is percent (%). Oxygen saturation can be measured regionally and noninvasively. Arterial oxygen saturation (Sa O 2 )

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456-400: Is commonly measured using pulse oximetry . Tissue saturation at peripheral scale can be measured using NIRS . This technique can be applied on both muscle and brain. In medicine , oxygen saturation refers to oxygenation , or when oxygen molecules ( O 2 ) enter the tissues of the body. In this case blood is oxygenated in the lungs , where oxygen molecules travel from the air into

494-622: Is designated as an impaired waterbody and has poor water quality . The cause of the impairment is metals and the source is abandoned mine drainage . In addition to experiencing acidity and metal loading from acid mine drainage sources, the creek is also impacted by flow loss. The flow loss causes it to be an ephemeral stream . Between 1999 and 2003, the creek's discharge was measured four times to be between 2.2 and 14 cubic feet per second (0.062 and 0.396 m/s) near Mount Carmel. One site on North Branch Shamokin Creek has been observed to have an acidic pH during low and base flow conditions, but

532-643: The 1890 Census , in which the Census mixed unincorporated places with incorporated places in its products with "town" or "village" as its label. This made it confusing to determine which of the "towns" were or were not incorporated. The 1900 through 1930 Censuses did not report data for unincorporated places. For the 1940 Census , the Census Bureau compiled a separate report of unofficial, unincorporated communities of 500 or more people. The Census Bureau officially defined this category as "unincorporated places" in

570-455: The 1950 Census and used that term through the 1970 Census. For the 1950 Census, these types of places were identified only outside " urbanized areas ". In 1960 , the Census Bureau also identified unincorporated places inside urbanized areas (except in New England , whose political geography is based on the New England town , and is distinctly different from other areas of the U.S.), but with

608-417: The phosphorus concentration was less than 10 micrograms per liter (1.00 × 10 oz/cu ft) the one time it was measured. The sulfate concentration ranged from 160 to 193 milligrams per liter (0.160 to 0.193 oz/cu ft) and the chloride concentration ranged from 4.1 to 5.8 milligrams per liter (0.0041 to 0.0058 oz/cu ft). The elevation near the mouth of North Branch Shamokin Creek

646-494: The sustainability of a particular ecosystem . The US Environmental Protection Agency has published a table of maximum equilibrium dissolved oxygen concentration versus temperature at atmospheric pressure. The optimal levels in an estuary for dissolved oxygen is higher than six ppm. Insufficient oxygen ( environmental hypoxia ), often caused by the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient pollution , may occur in bodies of water such as ponds and rivers , tending to suppress

684-510: The CDP is named, plus surrounding inhabited countryside of varying dimensions and, occasionally, other, smaller unincorporated communities as well. CDPs include small rural communities, edge cities , colonias located along the Mexico–United States border , and unincorporated resort and retirement communities and their environs. The boundaries of any CDP may change from decade to decade, and

722-438: The Census Bureau considers some towns in New England states, New Jersey and New York as well as townships in some other states as MCDs, even though they are incorporated municipalities in those states. In such states, CDPs may be defined within such towns or spanning the boundaries of multiple towns. There are a number of reasons for the CDP designation: Dissolved oxygen Oxygen saturation (symbol S O 2 )

760-478: The Census Bureau may de-establish a CDP after a period of study, then re-establish it some decades later. Most unincorporated areas within the United States are not and have not been included in any CDP. The boundaries of a CDP have no legal status and may not always correspond with the local understanding of the area or community with the same name. However, criteria established for the 2010 census require that

798-407: The blood. Oxygen saturation (( O 2 ) sats) measures the percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen. Fish, invertebrates, plants, and aerobic bacteria all require oxygen. In aquatic environments, oxygen saturation is a ratio of the concentration of "dissolved oxygen " (DO, O 2 ), to the maximum amount of oxygen that will dissolve in that water body, at

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836-484: The boundaries for CDPs. The PSAP was to be offered to county and municipal planning agencies during 2008. The boundaries of such places may be defined in cooperation with local or tribal officials, but are not fixed, and do not affect the status of local government or incorporation; the territories thus defined are strictly statistical entities. CDP boundaries may change from one census to the next to reflect changes in settlement patterns. Further, as statistical entities,

874-419: The boundaries of the CDP may not correspond with local understanding of the area with the same name. Recognized communities may be divided into two or more CDPs while on the other hand, two or more communities may be combined into one CDP. A CDP may also cover the unincorporated part of a named community, where the rest lies within an incorporated place. By defining an area as a CDP, that locality then appears in

912-588: The community for which the CDP is named for services provided therein. There is no mandatory correlation between CDP names or boundaries and those established for other human purposes, such as post office names or zones, political precincts, or school districts. The Census Bureau states that census-designated places are not considered incorporated places and that it includes only census-designated places in its city population list for Hawaii because that state has no incorporated cities. In addition, census city lists from 2007 included Arlington County, Virginia 's CDP in

950-646: The concentration of dissolved oxygen in North Branch Shamokin Creek near Mount Carmel ranged from 7.7 to 11.0 milligrams per liter (0.0077 to 0.0110 oz/cu ft), the nitrogen concentration was 0.2 milligrams per liter (0.00020 oz/cu ft), the ammonia concentration was 0.180 milligrams per liter (0.000180 oz/cu ft), and the carbon dioxide concentration ranged from 0 to 24 milligrams per liter (0.000 to 0.024 oz/cu ft). The silica concentration ranged from 17 to 18 milligrams per liter (0.017 to 0.018 oz/cu ft) and

988-400: The creek ranged from 0 to 2 Nephelometric Turbidity Units . The concentrations of manganese and iron in North Branch Shamokin Creek are 2.72 and 9.74 milligrams per liter (0.00272 and 0.00973 oz/cu ft), while the daily loads are 69.2 and 247.8 pounds (31.4 and 112.4 kg). The aluminum concentration is 5.66 milligrams per liter (0.00565 oz/cu ft) and the daily load

1026-472: The creek's watershed include the borough of Marion Heights and the census-designated place of Strong . In 2009, Northeastern ITS requested a permit to discharge stormwater into North Branch Shamokin Creek for construction purposes. When the Operation Scarlift report for Shamokin Creek was written, there were no raw sewage discharges into North Branch Shamokin Creek. North Branch Shamokin Creek

1064-543: The list with the incorporated places, but since 2010, only the Urban Honolulu CDP, Hawaii, representing the historic core of Honolulu, Hawaii , is shown in the city and town estimates. The Census Bureau reported data for some unincorporated places as early as the first census in 1790 (for example, Louisville, Kentucky , which was not legally incorporated in Kentucky until 1828), though usage continued to develop through

1102-416: The next few tenths of a mile, it flows alongside Pennsylvania Route 54 and Green Ridge. It then crosses Pennsylvania Route 54 and gradually turns west-southwest. Several tenths of a mile further downstream, the creek reaches its confluence with Shamokin Creek. North Branch Shamokin Creek joins Shamokin Creek 29.96 miles (48.22 km) upstream of its mouth. The entire length of North Branch Shamokin Creek

1140-457: The same category of census data as incorporated places. This distinguishes CDPs from other census classifications, such as minor civil divisions (MCDs), which are in a separate category. The population and demographics of the CDP are included in the data of county subdivisions containing the CDP. Generally, a CDP shall not be defined within the boundaries of what the Census Bureau regards to be an incorporated city, village or borough. However,

1178-405: The temperature and pressure which constitute stable equilibrium conditions. Well-aerated water (such as a fast-moving stream) without oxygen producers or consumers is 100% saturated. Stagnant water can become somewhat supersaturated with oxygen (i.e., reach more than 100% saturation) either because of the presence of photosynthetic aquatic oxygen producers or because of a slow equilibration after

North Branch Shamokin Creek - Misplaced Pages Continue

1216-493: The valley for more than a mile before exiting Congnyham Township and Columbia County. Upon exiting Columbia County, North Branch Shamokin Creek enters Mount Carmel Township, Northumberland County. It continues flowing west-southwest for more than a mile before passing through two lakes and turning south-southwest. After several tenths of a mile, the creek passes near the census-designated places of Strong and Atlas . The creek turns southeast and crosses Pennsylvania Route 61 . For

1254-536: The water temperature of the creek near Mount Carmel ranged from 9.4 to 20.5 °C (48.9 to 68.9 °F). The specific conductance ranged from 354 to 451 micro-siemens per centimeter at 25 °C (77 °F). The concentration of suspended solids was 14 milligrams per liter (0.014 oz/cu ft) and the concentration of dissolved solids was 256 milligrams per liter (0.256 oz/cu ft). The water hardness ranged from 100 to 124 milligrams per liter (0.100 to 0.124 oz/cu ft). The turbidity of

1292-473: The watershed of Quaker Run . North Branch Shamokin Creek is coated with a layer of iron precipitate. It has a permeable streambed . The watershed of North Branch Shamokin Creek has an area of 5.73 square miles (14.8 km). The mouth of the stream is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Mount Carmel. However, its source is in the quadrangle of Ashland. Communities in

1330-407: The watershed of the creek was carried out in 2006 and 2007. The goal of the project was to improve the water quality of several Operation Scarlift discharges in the watershed, thus reducing mine pollution to the creek. In the early 1900s, the old channel of the creek was occupied by rocks and culm banks. The drainage basin of North Branch Shamokin Creek is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and

1368-793: Was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1193040. The creek is also known as Beaver Creek. This name appears in Israel C. White's 1883 book The geology of the North Branch Susquehanna River Region in the six counties of Wyoming, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Columbia, Montour and Northumberland . A colliery known as Richards Colliery historically drained waste water into North Branch Shamokin Creek. The colliery

1406-515: Was owned by the Susquehanna Coal Company and processed 28,200 tons of coal per month. A prestressed box beam or girders bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 61 over North Branch Shamokin Creek in 2008 in Atlas. It is 53.2 feet (16.2 m) long. This bridge has been slated for preservation as part of the state of Pennsylvania's "Decade of Investment". A project to remove waste rock piles in

1444-477: Was reduced to 2,500. From 1950 through 1990, the Census Bureau specified other population requirements for unincorporated places or CDPs in Alaska , Puerto Rico , island areas, and Native American reservations . Minimum population criteria for CDPs were dropped with the 2000 Census . The Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP) allows designated participants to review and suggest modifications to

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