93-585: The North–South Expressway Northern Route is an interstate controlled-access highway running parallel to the northwestern coast of Peninsular Malaysia . The 460-kilometre (290-mile) expressway forms the north section of the North–South Expressway , passing through the northwestern states of Kedah , Penang , Perak and Selangor . The expressway begins at the Bukit Kayu Hitam checkpoint in Kedah, where
186-649: A dual highway ) in 1932 between Cologne and Bonn . It then rapidly constructed the first nationwide system of such roads. The first North American freeways (known as parkways) opened in the New York City area in the 1920s. Britain, heavily influenced by the railways, did not build its first motorway , the Preston By-pass ( M6 ), until 1958. Most technologically advanced nations feature an extensive network of freeways or motorways to provide high-capacity urban travel, or high-speed rural travel, or both. Many have
279-466: A median separates the opposite directions of traffic. This strip may be as simple as a grassy area, or may include a crash barrier such as a " Jersey barrier " or an "Ontario Tall Wall" to prevent head-on collisions . On some freeways, the two carriageways are built on different alignments; this may be done to make use of available corridors in a mountainous area or to provide narrower corridors through dense urban areas . Control of access relates to
372-694: A cloverleaf and trumpet interchange when it opened in 1937, and until the Second World War , boasted the longest illuminated stretch of roadway built. A decade later, the first section of Highway 401 was opened, based on earlier designs. It has since gone on to become the busiest highway in the world. The word freeway was first used in February 1930 by Edward M. Bassett . Bassett argued that roads should be classified into three basic types: highways, parkways , and freeways. In Bassett's zoning and property law -based system, abutting property owners have
465-652: A dangerous stretch. There are two dangerous stretches along the expressway, the Changkat Jering-Ipoh North (Jelapang) and Gopeng-Tapah sections. The Gopeng Rural Transformation Centre (RTC) Rest and Service Area (RSA) is the first expressway RTC rest and service area in Malaysia. The RTC rest and service area is located near Simpang Pulai Layby north bound of the North–South Expressway Northern Route. During workdays or peak hours. There
558-400: A few local roads with traffic lights . South from the town are several rural villages with residential roads intersecting with the expressway. Just to the north of the town of Jitra , route 1 continues southwards while the expressway bends southeast to bypass the said town, marking the end of the concurrency and the start of the controlled-access highway proper. Just to the east of the town
651-620: A freeway, specialized pedestrian footbridges or tunnels may also be provided. These structures enable pedestrians and cyclists to cross the freeway at that point without a detour to the nearest road crossing. Access to freeways is typically provided only at grade-separated interchanges , though lower-standard right-in/right-out (left-in/left-out in countries that drive on the left) access can be used for direct connections to side roads. In many cases, sophisticated interchanges allow for smooth, uninterrupted transitions between intersecting freeways and busy arterial roads . However, sometimes it
744-434: A larger number of guide signs than other roads, and the signs themselves are physically larger. Guide signs are often mounted on overpasses or overhead gantries so that drivers can see where each lane goes. Exit numbers are commonly derived from the exit's distance in miles or kilometers from the start of the freeway. In some areas, there are public rest areas or service areas on freeways, as well as emergency phones on
837-499: A legal status which limits the types of vehicles that can use a highway, as well as a road design that limits the points at which they can access it. Major arterial roads will often have partial access control , meaning that side roads will intersect the main road at grade, instead of using interchanges, but driveways may not connect directly to the main road, and drivers must use intersecting roads to access adjacent land. At arterial junctions with relatively quiet side roads, traffic
930-518: A milepost system but does not use milepost markers. In Europe and some other countries, motorways typically have similar characteristics such as: Two-lane freeways , often undivided, are sometimes built when traffic volumes are low or right-of-way is limited; they may be designed for easy conversion to one side of a four-lane freeway. (For example, most of the Bert T. Combs Mountain Parkway in eastern Kentucky
1023-447: A motorway is understood as a public road with dual carriageways and at least two lanes each way. All entrances and exits are signposted and all interchanges are grade separated. Central barrier or median present throughout the road. No crossing is permitted, while stopping is permitted only in an emergency. Restricted access to motor vehicles, prohibited to pedestrians, animals, pedal cycles, mopeds, agricultural vehicles. The minimum speed
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#17330859239601116-772: A national-level or even international-level (e.g. European E route ) system of route numbering . There are several international standards that give some definitions of words such as motorways, but there is no formal definition of the English language words such as freeway , motorway , and expressway , or of the equivalent words in other languages such as autoroute , Autobahn , autostrada , autocesta, autoput , that are accepted worldwide—in most cases these words are defined by local statute or design standards or regional international treaties. Descriptions that are widely used include: One green or blue symbol (like [REDACTED] ) appears at motorway entry in countries that follow
1209-511: A non-stop route across Ipoh . This was achieved through the construction of two local-express lanes for each side, which are only accessible via Exit 138 Ipoh South Exit (for northbound traffic) and Exit 141 Ipoh North Exit (for southbound traffic). The toll plazas in Ipoh were therefore relocated at each ends of the local-express lanes. Upon approaching either of the two exits, the exit signs showing Ipoh are written in large typefaces in contrast with
1302-589: A number of patterns. The actual pattern is determined by a number of factors including local topology, traffic density, land cost, building costs, type of road, etc. In some jurisdictions feeder/distributor lanes are common, especially for cloverleaf interchanges ; in others, such as the United Kingdom, where the roundabout interchange is common, feeder/distributor lanes are seldom seen. Motorways in Europe typically differ between exits and junctions. An exit leads out of
1395-594: A park and where intersecting streets crossed over bridges. The Southern State Parkway opened in 1927, while the Long Island Motor Parkway was closed in 1937 and replaced by the Northern State Parkway (opened 1931) and the contiguous Grand Central Parkway (opened 1936). In Germany, construction of the Bonn-Cologne Autobahn began in 1929 and was opened in 1932 by Konrad Adenauer , then
1488-457: A private venture, was the world's first limited-access roadway. It included many modern features, including banked turns , guard rails and reinforced concrete tarmac . Traffic could turn left between the parkway and connectors, crossing oncoming traffic, so it was not a controlled-access highway (or "freeway" as later defined by the federal government's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices ). Modern controlled-access highways originated in
1581-609: A reduction in deaths in a range from 20% to 50% on those sections. Speed, in Europe, is considered to be one of the main contributory factors to collisions. Some countries, such as France and Switzerland, have achieved a death reduction by a better monitoring of speed. Tools used for monitoring speed might be an increase in traffic density; improved speed enforcement and stricter regulation leading to driver license withdrawal; safety cameras; penalty point; and higher fines. Some other countries use automatic time-over-distance cameras (also known as section controls ) to manage speed. Fatigue
1674-538: A separate roadway or altogether eliminates it. In some parts of the world, notably parts of the US , frontage roads form an integral part of the freeway system. These parallel surface roads provide a transition between high-speed "through" traffic and local traffic. Frequent slip-ramps provide access between the freeway and the frontage road, which in turn provides direct access to local roads and businesses. Except on some two-lane freeways (and very rarely on wider freeways),
1767-510: A similar system of express and local lanes for a maximum width of 21 lanes on a 2-mile (3.2 km) segment between Interstate 805 and California State Route 56 . In Mississauga , Ontario, Highway 401 uses collector-express lanes for a total of 18 lanes through its intersection with Highway 403 / Highway 410 and Highway 427 . These wide freeways may use separate collector and express lanes to separate through traffic from local traffic, or special high-occupancy vehicle lanes , either as
1860-411: A special restriction on the innermost lane or a separate roadway, to encourage carpooling . These HOV lanes , or roadways open to all traffic, can be reversible lanes , providing more capacity in the direction of heavy traffic, and reversing direction before traffic switches. Sometimes a collector/distributor road , a shorter version of a local lane, shifts weaving between closely spaced interchanges to
1953-481: Is a restricted routes at the North–South Expressway Northern Route from Rawang (South) to Bukit Lanjan. Heavy vehicles (except buses and tankers) with laden and unladen heavy vehicles weighing 10,000 kg or more are not allowed to enter the expressway between 6:30 am until 9:30 am on Monday to Friday (except public holidays). A compound fines will be issued to heavy vehicles which flouted the rule. The Jelapang and Ipoh South toll plazas were demolished in 2009 to make
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#17330859239602046-453: Is a type of highway that has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow—ingress and egress—regulated. Common English terms are freeway , motorway , and expressway . Other similar terms include throughway or thruway and parkway . Some of these may be limited-access highways , although this term can also refer to a class of highways with somewhat less isolation from other traffic. In countries following
2139-634: Is an incident. They are also given auxiliary police powers. PLUS also provides traffic information to commuters through variable-message signs located on some sections of the expressway, and on Twitter @plustrafik in Malay . Major radio stations in Peninsular Malaysia also broadcast traffic updates for the expressway. The North–South Expressway northern route has 12 full rest areas (which includes one overhead bridge restaurant), 23 laybys and one vista point (scenic area) total along both directions of
2232-607: Is considered as a risk factor more specific to monotonous roads such as motorways, although such data are not monitored/recorded in many countries. According to Vinci Autoroutes , one third of accidents in French motorways are due to sleepy driving. Jambatan Sultan Azlan Shah The Sultan Azlan Shah Bridge or Jambatan Sultan Azlan Shah is the longest river-crossing bridge in the North–South Expressway network. The bridge crosses Perak River in Perak , Malaysia, spanning 360 metres. It
2325-728: Is controlled mainly by two-way stop signs which do not impose significant interruptions on traffic using the main highway. Roundabouts are often used at busier intersections in Europe because they help minimize interruptions in flow, while traffic signals that create greater interference with traffic are still preferred in North America. There may be occasional interchanges with other major arterial roads. Examples include US 23 between SR 15 's eastern terminus and Delaware, Ohio , along with SR 15 between its eastern terminus and I-75 , US 30 , SR 29 / US 33 , and US 35 in western and central Ohio. This type of road
2418-458: Is meant for commuters to enjoy the scenery at that location. Laybys are found every 25 to 50 kilometres, while full rest areas are found every 80 to 100 kilometres. The only vista point on this expressway is in Ipoh. The North–South Expressway northern route, being part of the larger North–South Expressway network, was constructed in phases simultaneously with the south section . The first segment on this expressway, from Bukit Kayu Hitam to Jitra,
2511-639: Is necessary to exit onto a surface road to transfer from one freeway to another. One example in the United States (notorious for the resulting congestion) is the connection from Interstate 70 to the Pennsylvania Turnpike ( Interstate 70 and Interstate 76 ) through the town of Breezewood, Pennsylvania . Speed limits are generally higher on freeways and are occasionally nonexistent (as on much of Germany's Autobahn network). Because higher speeds reduce decision time, freeways are usually equipped with
2604-450: Is not lower than 50 km/h [31 mph] and the maximum speed is not higher than 130 km/h [81 mph] (except Germany where no speed limit is defined). Motorways are designed to carry heavy traffic at high speed with the lowest possible number of accidents. They are also designed to collect long-distance traffic from other roads, so that conflicts between long-distance traffic and local traffic are avoided. According to
2697-431: Is provided with separate carriageways for the two directions of traffic). Principal arterials may cross through urban areas, serving suburban movements. The traffic is characterized by high speeds and full or partial access control (interchanges or junctions controlled by traffic lights). Other roads leading to a principal arterial are connected to it through side collector roads. In this view, CARE's definition stands that
2790-627: Is scheduled to end on 31 December 2038. The main features of the expressway include the Penang Bridge which is Malaysia's second longest bridge, Sungai Perak Bridge ( Jambatan Sultan Azlan Shah ), Menora Tunnel and the North-South Expressway Monument at Rawang Rest and Service Area (R&R) (North bound). The Gopeng-Tapah section is the most expensive section of the North-South Expressway network. It can be considered
2883-407: Is sometimes called an expressway . Freeways are usually limited to motor vehicles of a minimum power or weight; signs may prohibit cyclists , pedestrians and equestrians and impose a minimum speed. It is possible for non-motorized traffic to use facilities within the same right-of-way, such as sidewalks constructed along freeway-standard bridges and multi-use paths next to freeways such as
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2976-480: Is specially sign-posted as a motorway and is reserved for specific categories of road motor vehicles." Urban motorways are also included in this definition. However, the respective national definitions and the type of roads covered may present slight differences in different EU countries. The first version of modern controlled-access highways evolved during the first half of the 20th century. The Long Island Motor Parkway on Long Island , New York , opened in 1908 as
3069-654: Is the Jitra Toll Plaza, where a one-time payment is made. After the toll plaza the expressway continues southwest, entering the district of Kota Setar and interchanging with route 1 near Kepala Batas . Shortly south is the Hutan Kampung Toll Plaza, where ticket tolling begins. The expressway runs east of the city of Alor Setar , where it makes two interchanges with the Sultanah Bahiyah Highway (route 255) , both leading to aforementioned city. Past
3162-545: Is the result of several changes, including infrastructure safety and road user behavior (speed or seat belt use), while other matters such as vehicle safety and mobility patterns have an impact that has not been quantified. Motorways are the safest roads by design. While accounting for more than one quarter of all kilometres driven, they contributed only 8% of the total number of European road deaths in 2006. Germany's Federal Highway Research Institute provided International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD) statistics for
3255-656: Is toll-free due to heavy usage by local commuters to access Penang Bridge . In the vicinity of Ipoh, the section between Jelapang and Ipoh South features a local-express lane system. This is the longest expressway in Peninsular Malaysia. The expressway begins at the Malaysia–Thailand border at Bukit Kayu Hitam in Kedah , where the road continues as Phetkasem Road in Thailand . The expressway proceeds southwards through
3348-408: Is two lanes, but work has begun to make all of it four-lane.) These are often called Super two roads. Several such roads are infamous for a high rate of lethal crashes; an outcome because they were designed for short sight distances (sufficient for freeways without oncoming traffic, but insufficient for the years in service as two-lane road with oncoming traffic). An example of such a "Highway to Hell"
3441-611: The Dartford Crossing (the furthest downstream public crossing of the River Thames ) or where it was not economic to build a motorway alongside the existing road such as the former Cumberland Gap . The A1 is a good example of piece-wise upgrading to motorway standard—as of January 2013, the 639-kilometre-long (397 mi) route had five stretches of motorway (designated as A1(M)), reducing to four stretches in March 2018 with completion of
3534-644: The Kerian River is the Kerian district in Perak, where a new interchange with route 147 at Alor Pongsu is being constructed. The expressway then briefly winds eastwards, then southwards, to meet Bukit Merah . The expressway continues directly southwards into Larut, Matang dan Selama , interchanging again with route 1 as well as 3146 to the northwest of Taiping . Gently, the expressway winds southeast towards Changkat Jering , where it interchanges with route 60 . From here,
3627-1045: The Malaysia–Thailand border lies, and ends at Bukit Lanjan in Selangor state where the expressway interchanges with the New Klang Valley Expressway . The expressway is operated by PLUS Expressways . The expressway runs in a north–south direction close to the northwestern coast of the peninsula, connecting several major towns including Bukit Kayu Hitam , Changlun , Jitra , Alor Setar , Pendang , Gurun , Sungai Petani , Butterworth , George Town , Seberang Perai , Juru , Bukit Tambun , Simpang Empat , Nibong Tebal , Bandar Baharu , Bagan Serai , Taiping , Changkat Jering , Kuala Kangsar , Ipoh , Simpang Pulai , Gopeng , Tapah , Bidor , Sungkai , Slim River , Behrang , Tanjung Malim , Lembah Beringin , Bukit Tagar , Bukit Beruntung , and Sungai Buaya , Rawang , Sungai Buloh , while also providing access to several rural villages on its path. The expressway runs parallel to
3720-533: The New Klang Valley Expressway , North–South Expressway Central Link and North–South Expressway Southern Route ; it is possible to travel from Juru on this expressway to Skudai , Johor on the North–South Expressway Southern Route without leaving the toll system. A separate ticket system is in place between Hutan Kampung and Sungai Dua, due to the toll-free section in Penang . The toll rate for
3813-566: The Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (expressway 28) terminates on this expressway, connecting Bandar Cassia as well as the southwest district on the island. The last interchange in Penang is with route 1 at Jawi . The expressway then briefly re-enters the state of Kedah to interchange at Bandar Baharu , serving itself, Parit Buntar just across the border at Perak , as well as the rest of southernmost Kedah. Across
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3906-837: The Suncoast Trail along the Suncoast Parkway in Florida . In some US jurisdictions, especially where freeways replace existing roads, non-motorized access on freeways is permitted. Different states of the United States have different laws. Cycling on freeways in Arizona may be prohibited only where there is an alternative route judged equal or better for cycling. Wyoming , the second least densely populated state, allows cycling on all freeways. Oregon allows bicycles except on specific urban freeways in Portland and Medford . In countries such as
3999-531: The United Kingdom new motorways require an Act of Parliament to ensure restricted right of way. Since upgrading an existing road (the "King's Highway") to a full motorway will result in extinguishing the right of access of certain groups such as pedestrians, cyclists and slow-moving traffic, many controlled access roads are not full motorways. In some cases motorways are linked by short stretches of road where alternative rights of way are not practicable such as
4092-424: The United Kingdom , do not distinguish between the two, but others make a distinction; for example, Germany uses the words Kreuz ("cross") or Dreieck ("triangle") for the former and Ausfahrt ("exit") for the latter. In all cases one road crosses the other via a bridge or a tunnel, as opposed to an at-grade crossing . The inter-connecting roads, or slip-roads , which link the two roads, can follow any one of
4185-463: The Vienna convention , the motorway qualification implies that walking and parking are forbidden. A fully controlled-access highway provides an unhindered flow of traffic, with no traffic signals , intersections or property access . They are free of any at-grade crossings with other roads, railways, or pedestrian paths, which are instead carried by overpasses and underpasses . Entrances and exits to
4278-490: The shoulder at regular intervals. In the United States, mileposts usually start at the southern or westernmost point on the freeway (either its terminus or the state line). California , Ohio and Nevada use postmile systems in which the markers indicate mileage through the state's individual counties. However, Nevada and Ohio also use the standard milepost system concurrently with their respective postmile systems. California numbers its exits off its freeways according to
4371-497: The A1(M) through North Yorkshire . The most frequent way freeways are laid out is by building them from the ground up after obstructions such as forestry or buildings are cleared away. Sometimes they deplete farmland, but other methods have been developed for economic, social and even environmental reasons. Full freeways are sometimes made by converting at-grade expressways or by replacing at-grade intersections with overpasses; however, in
4464-409: The US, any at-grade intersection that ends a freeway often remains an at-grade intersection. Often, when there is a two-lane undivided freeway or expressway, it is converted by constructing a parallel twin corridor, and leaving a median between the two travel directions. The median-side travel lane of the old two-way corridor becomes a passing lane. Other techniques involve building a new carriageway on
4557-476: The United States, allow for limited exceptions: some movable bridges , for instance the Interstate Bridge on Interstate 5 between Oregon and Washington , do require drivers to stop for ship traffic. The crossing of freeways by other routes is typically achieved with grade separation either in the form of underpasses or overpasses . In addition to sidewalks (pavements) attached to roads that cross
4650-693: The Vienna Convention. Exits are marked with another symbol: [REDACTED] . The definitions of "motorway" from the OECD and PIARC are almost identical. In the European Union , for statistical and safety purposes, some distinction might be made between motorway and expressway . For instance a principal arterial might be considered as: Roads serving long distance and mainly interurban movements. Includes motorways (urban or rural) and expressways (road which does not serve properties bordering on it and which
4743-420: The border in Thailand the road continues as Phetkasem Road . The expressway proceeds southwards concurrently along the old Federal Route 1 , which has not been upgraded and is still a limited-access road . The first grade-separated interchange, which is with route 194 , provides access to the northwestern state of Perlis . The route then enters the heart of the town of Changlun , where it intersects with
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#17330859239604836-783: The bridge. The Queen Elizabeth II Bridge / Dartford tunnel at London Orbital is an example of this. London Orbital or the M25 is a motorway surrounding London , but at the last River Thames crossing before its mouth, motorway rules do not apply. (At this crossing the London Orbital is labeled A282 instead.) A few of the more common types of junction are shown below: There are many differences between countries in their geography, economy, traffic growth, highway system size, degree of urbanization and motorization, etc.; all of which need to be taken into consideration when comparisons are made. According to some EU papers, safety progress on motorways
4929-499: The city, route 1 returns to run parallel to the expressway, both running southeasterly to enter the district of Pendang , where the expressway interchanges with a local route leading east to the town of the same name. Proceeding southeast, the expressway enters the Kuala Muda district. It interchanges once in Gurun , bends southwest, then interchanges twice again near Sungai Petani , once to
5022-492: The common European definition, a motorway is defined as "a road, specially designed and built for motor traffic, which does not serve properties bordering on it, and which: (a) is provided, except at special points or temporarily, with separate carriageways for the two directions of traffic, separated from each other, either by a dividing strip not intended for traffic, or exceptionally by other means; (b) does not cross at level with any road, railway or tramway track, or footpath; (c)
5115-517: The early 1920s in response to the rapidly increasing use of the automobile , the demand for faster movement between cities and as a consequence of improvements in paving processes, techniques and materials. These original high-speed roads were referred to as " dual highways " and have been modernized and are still in use today. Italy was the first country in the world to build controlled-access highways reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only. The Autostrada dei Laghi ("Lakes Motorway"),
5208-532: The east side of Butterworth , where it makes several important interchanges, including Jalan Permatang Pauh (route 3111) leading to Permatang Pauh , the Butterworth–Kulim Expressway (expressway 15) towards Kulim and Gerik in Kedah, expressway 17 and route 1 in Perai (this is where the other end of E17 is located) as well as the Penang Bridge (expressway 36) towards the island and capital . Here
5301-639: The entire expressway, as with every other expressway in the PLUS expressway network. Alternatively, commuters may dial the toll-free number 1 800 88 0000 on their mobile phones. Both will connect to the PLUS traffic monitoring centre in Subang where commuters may request for traffic information or roadside assistance. The highway patrol and roadside assistance teams are known as PLUSRonda . They provide free first responder services including small fixes for broken down vehicles, towing and also act as traffic police when there
5394-512: The existing Federal Route 1 ; it is also concurrent to the expressway from Bukit Kayu Hitam to Jitra. The ticket system is used for toll collection between the Hutan Kampung and Sungai Dua toll plazas, and also from the Juru toll plaza up to Bukit Lanjan, where the toll collection system merges with that of the New Klang Valley Expressway . The section from Sungai Dua to Juru in the state of Penang
5487-554: The expressway bends southeast away from the coast, going towards and interchanging at the Perai Industrial Area and Juru. After Juru, the road narrows back to four lanes, followed by the Juru Toll Plaza, where the second ticket system begins. The expressway then enters Seberang Perai Selatan . The expressway interchanges with route 149 at Bukit Tambun , connecting several industrial areas nearby. Close by at Batu Kawan ,
5580-476: The expressway heads east through a cutting where the expressway and route 1 briefly run side by side. The route continues towards the district and town of Kuala Kangsar , interchanging at the terminus of route 76 , which plies the rural areas of central northern Perak. At this point route 1 deviates northwards to go around a hill that is part of the Tenasserim Hills cluster. The expressway proceeds towards
5673-599: The expressway. Every rest area and layby includes, as a bare minimum, car parks and public toilets . Most laybys also include public telephones and a small rest hut. Depending on location, laybys can also include petrol stations , a surau , and rarely, food courts , independently operated restaurants as well as automated teller machines . Full rest and service areas have all of the above services and are much larger, so they can accommodate more services. Several rest areas also have small inns , and most have complimentary Wi-Fi services. Vista points only have car parks and
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#17330859239605766-454: The fall of 2015. Meanwhile, the next phase of these works, the 6-lane stretch was expanded from Tanjung Malim Interchange Exit 121 to Slim River Interchange Exit 126. An interchange at Sungai Buaya, Selangor, between Rawang and Bukit Beruntung Interchange was constructed between 2011 and 2013. This new interchange was opened to traffic on 10 January 2014. An interchange at Alor Pongsu, Perak, between Bandar Baharu and Bukit Merah Interchange
5859-746: The federal route goes southeast. The expressway interchanges with several rural roads at Lembah Beringin , Bukit Tagar , the Bukit Beruntung industrial area and at Sungai Buaya . Going southwards, the expressway leaves the Hulu Selangor district into the Gombak district, where it interchanges near the Rawang industrial area with route 3209 . Shortly after, the Guthrie Corridor Expressway (expressway 35) begins as an interchange on this expressway. On
5952-482: The first built in the world, connecting Milan to Lake Como and Lake Maggiore , and now parts of the A8 and A9 motorways, was devised by Piero Puricelli and was inaugurated in 1924. This motorway, called autostrada , contained only one lane in each direction and no interchanges. The Bronx River Parkway was the first road in North America to utilize a median strip to separate the opposing lanes, to be constructed through
6045-412: The first half of the 20th century. Italy was the first country in the world to build controlled-access highways reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only. Italy opened its first autostrada in 1924, A8 , connecting Milan to Varese . Germany began to build its first controlled-access autobahn without speed limits (30 kilometres [19 mi] on what is now A555 , then referred to as
6138-504: The highway are provided at interchanges by slip roads (ramps), which allow for speed changes between the highway and arterials and collector roads . On the controlled-access highway, opposing directions of travel are generally separated by a median strip or central reservation containing a traffic barrier or grass. Elimination of conflicts with other directions of traffic dramatically improves safety, while increasing traffic capacity and speed. Controlled-access highways evolved during
6231-690: The hill, going across the Perak River below the Sultan Azlan Shah Bridge . After the river the expressway goes uphill, through the Menora Tunnel that is about 800 metres (870 yards) long, then downhill into the Kinta Valley . Here, the Ipoh local-express system, constructed in 2008, begins, where all traffic bound for Ipoh or its vicinity is segregated. Southbound commuters entering the local lanes pay
6324-670: The last segment, the expressway interchanges with a road next to the Sungai Buloh Hospital, crosses into the Petaling district, interchanges with the Sungai Buloh Highway (route 54) at Sungai Buloh , and finally terminates at its interchange with the New Klang Valley Expressway (which is also designated the route number E1) near Segambut in the north-western part of the Federal Territory Kuala Lumpur . As
6417-582: The latter company was a fully Bumiputra-owned contractor. The former section began construction in November 1989 while the latter section began on 1 March 1990; expected to be completed in August 1992. The 19 km section between Tapah and Kampung Sahum in Perak was constructed by IJM Corporation Berhad and Syarikat Semangat Bersatu; the latter being a Bumiputra-owned construction company. Construction began in January 1991 and
6510-460: The mayor of Cologne . The German Autobahn became the first nationwide highway system. In Canada , the first precursor with semi-controlled access was The Middle Road between Hamilton and Toronto , which featured a median divider between opposing traffic flow, as well as the nation's first cloverleaf interchange . This highway developed into the Queen Elizabeth Way , which featured
6603-400: The motorway system, whilst a junction is a crossing between motorways or a split/merge of two motorways. The motorway rules end at exits, but not at junctions. However, on some bridges, motorways, without changing appearance, temporarily end between the two exits closest to the bridge (or tunnel), and continue as dual carriageways . This is in order to give slower vehicles a possibility to use
6696-552: The northeast of the town and once to the southeast. The expressway crosses the bridge over the Muda River , which marks the border between the states of Kedah and Penang . The expressway reaches the town of Bertam, where route 1 deviates westwards from parallelism with the expressway. Further southwest is the Sungai Dua Toll Plaza, where the ticket system ends and the toll-free section begins. The expressway interchanges south of
6789-599: The opening of the 14.7-kilometre (9.1 mi) between Ipoh North (Jelapang) and Ipoh South stretch, highway users no longer stop for toll transactions at the Ipoh North and Ipoh South Toll Plazas.~ The runaway truck ramp is also provided in two locations in Jelapang and Menora. The 6-lane stretch which run from Kuala Lumpur (including New Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE) ) to Rawang Interchange Exit 117 expanded until Tanjung Malim Interchange Exit 121 Works were completed during
6882-439: The other. Other methods involve constructing a service drive that shortens the long driveways (typically by less than 100 metres (330 ft)). An interchange or a junction is a highway layout that permits traffic from one controlled-access highway to access another and vice versa, whereas an access point is a highway layout where traffic from a distributor or local road can join a controlled-access highway. Some countries, such as
6975-543: The plaza, just to the west of Sungai Dua . This interchange marks one terminus of the Butterworth Outer Ring Road (expressway 17) , which goes west towards Bagan Ajam . After this interchange the expressway widens to six lanes and the urban speed limit of 90 km/h applies. The expressway then crosses the Perai River . From this point the expressway enters Seberang Perai Tengah , running southwesterly along
7068-477: The rate is higher than the risk on urban roads. Speeds are higher on rural roads and autobahns than urban roads, increasing the severity potential of a crash. According to ETSC, German motorways without a speed limit, but with a 130 km/h (81 mph) speed recommendation, are 25% more deadly than motorways with a speed limit. Germany also introduced some 130 km/h (81 mph) speed limits on various motorway sections that were not limited. This generated
7161-643: The rights of light , air and access to highways, but not parkways and freeways; the latter two are distinguished in that the purpose of a parkway is recreation, while the purpose of a freeway is movement. Thus, as originally conceived, a freeway is simply a strip of public land devoted to movement to which abutting property owners do not have rights of light, air or access. Freeways, by definition, have no at-grade intersections with other roads, railroads or multi-use trails . Therefore, no traffic signals are needed and through traffic on freeways does not normally need to stop at traffic signals. Some countries, such as
7254-498: The route joins with the New Klang Valley Expressway , a restricted route has been implemented on the North–South Expressway Northern Route between Sungai Buloh and Bukit Lanjan during workdays or peak hours. Heavy vehicles (except buses and tankers) with laden and unladen heavy vehicles weighing 10,000 kg or more are not allowed to enter the expressway between 6:30 am until 9:30 am on Monday to Friday (except public holidays). A compound fine will be issued to heavy vehicles which flout
7347-534: The rule. Most of the expressway enforces a maximum speed limit of 110 km/h (68 mph). Signed exceptions include: There are no signed minimum speed limits. Most of the expressway maintains a ticket system (closed system) of tolling. The expressway however also has two toll plazas using the barrier toll system (open system) at the Bukit Kayu Hitam checkpoint (demolished and takeover by JKR Kedah) and at Jitra . The ticket system from Juru southwards uses an integrated system of tolling that also applies to
7440-484: The same district, the expressway interchanges with route 1 thrice – at Sungkai , Slim River and Behrang . While going southeast, the expressway crosses the Bernam River into the state of Selangor . Despite this, the next interchange, the final one with route 1, mainly serves Tanjung Malim over in the previous state. From this point, route 1 leaves the vicinity of the expressway as the expressway goes southwards and
7533-432: The side of a divided highway that has a lot of private access on one side and sometimes has long driveways on the other side since an easement for widening comes into place, especially in rural areas. When a third carriageway is added, sometimes it can shift a directional carriageway by 20–60 metres (50–200 ft) (or maybe more depending on land availability) as a way to retain private access on one side that favors over
7626-469: The southbound local lanes collect their tickets or tap into the system at the Ipoh South Toll Plaza, while northbound motorists entering the local lanes pay their tolls. Leaving the city, the expressway bends southwest to close the gap between the two parallel routes, effectively interchanging with the route at Simpang Pulai . Bending back southeast the expressway interchanges again with route 1 at
7719-484: The standard exit signs, to remind highway users especially northbound drivers intending to enter Ipoh via Exit 138 Ipoh South Exit, as the next exit is Exit 143 Kuala Kangsar Exit, covering a lengthy distance of 34-kilometre (21 mi) between these two exits, whilst passing through the Menora Tunnel. The decision to demolish both toll plazas was made as a result of accidents which happened at Jelapang toll plaza. Since
7812-413: The states of Kedah , Penang , Perak and Selangor , where it terminates at its interchange with the New Klang Valley Expressway , also designated as route E1. While kilometre readings are taken from north to south, exits are numbered in reverse, from south to north. PLUS Expressways , previously Projek Lebuhraya Utara–Selatan (PLUS) formed in 1986, operates and maintains the expressway. The concession
7905-487: The ticket system for passenger cars excluding taxis as of 2011 is 13.6 sen per kilometre. On 1 January 2018, Toll collection at Bukit Kayu Hitam has demolished. Starting from 26 April 2017, all 72 toll plazas from Skudai to Juru no longer accept cash payment and have adopted Full Electronic Toll Collections, as part of an initiative to facilitate faster toll transactions across all PLUS highways. Orange emergency telephones / callboxes are located every two kilometres along
7998-511: The toll plaza was opened on 28 September 1987, there were many accident cases which involved brake failure in heavy vehicles due to difficult braking when proceeding downhill to the toll plaza. On 7 June 2008, the new Ipoh North toll plaza (South bound) replacing old Jelapang toll plaza opened to traffic, followed by north bound on 15 August 2008. Beginning 11:00 am on 14 July 2009, the Kuala Lumpur-Penang tolled section opened to traffic. With
8091-477: The toll/tap out of the ticket system at the Ipoh North Toll Plaza, while northbound motorists merging in from the local lanes collect the ticket/tap into the system. Proceeding southeast through the heart of Ipoh, the expressway's local lanes interchange with several local roads as well as route 1, which begins to run parallel to the expressway again. The system ends to the south of Tambun, where commuters on
8184-507: The town of Gopeng after crossing into the Kampar district. The expressway then cuts through another hill, passing by Gua Tempurung (a cave). The cutting ends in the Batang Padang district just before the next interchange at Tapah with route 59 , which connects directly to Cameron Highlands . Heading southwards, the expressway interchanges with a local road at Bidor . Further south within
8277-406: The year 2010, comparing overall fatality rates with motorway rates (regardless of traffic intensity): The German autobahn network illustrates the safety trade-offs of controlled access highways. The injury crash rate is very low on autobahns, while 22 people died per 1,000 injury crashes—although autobahns have a lower rate than the 29 deaths per 1,000 injury accidents on conventional rural roads,
8370-443: Was European route E4 from Gävle to Axmartavlan , Sweden. The high rate of crashes with severe personal injuries on that (and similar) roads did not cease until a median crash barrier was installed, transforming the fatal crashes into non-fatal crashes. Otherwise, freeways typically have at least two lanes in each direction; some busy ones can have as many as 16 or more lanes in total. In San Diego, California , Interstate 5 has
8463-1031: Was expected to be completed by December 1993. The expressway was completed on 5 February 1994 with the opening of the last segment from Juru to Changkat Jering and the opening ceremony for both this expressway and the south section was held on 8 September 1994. The order of construction came under criticism by observers because sections with low traffic were constructed first, while sections with heavy traffic were constructed last. [REDACTED] FT 276 Sintok, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) [REDACTED] , Akademi Binaan Malaysia [REDACTED] FT 60 Federal Route 60 – Temerlok, Pantai Remis, Segari [REDACTED] [REDACTED] West Coast Expressway – Beruas, Sitiawan, Terong, Temerok, Ayer Tawar, Lumut, Pantai Remis, Changkat Keruing, Seri Manjung, Teluk Intan, Sabak Bernam, Kuala Selangor, Jeram, Banting, Klang. West [REDACTED] A1 Jalan Jelapang – Jelapang, Ipoh, Lumut, Pulau Pangkor 271.0 Controlled-access highway A controlled-access highway
8556-566: Was opened on 1 April 1985, originally as part of Federal Route 1 . The first controlled-access highway segment, from Ipoh to Changkat Jering, was opened by the then Sultan of Perak , Azlan Shah on 28 September 1987. The expressway's portion between Rawang and Tanjung Malim, divided into the Rawang to Sungai Selangor section and the Sungai Selangor to Tanjung Malim section, was constructed by Ho Hup Construction Co Sdn Bhd and Panzana Enterprise;
8649-481: Was opened on 7 June 2016. In July 2010, the operator, PLUS Expressways , announced that the government had awarded contracts to build a fourth lane on a stretch from Rawang to Jalan Duta. The construction was completed in late 2015. The zeroth kilometre point of the entire expressway is located at the Malaysia-Thailand border . The expressway begins at the Bukit Kayu Hitam checkpoint in Kedah , where across
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