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30-564: Nordhorn ( Northern Low Saxon : Nothoorn , or Notthoarn , Netthoarn and Noordhoorn ) is a town in Lower Saxony , Germany . It is the district seat of Grafschaft Bentheim in Lower Saxony's southwestern most corner, near the border with the Netherlands and the boundary with North Rhine-Westphalia . One story holds that the town's name – which means "North Horn" – came about when the town

60-467: A borough (in English-speaking countries ), Portugal / Brazil ( bairro ), Spain ( barrio ); or some other term (e.g. Cambodia ( សង្កាត់ sangkat ), Germany ( Stadtteil ), and Poland ( dzielnica )). Quarter can also refer to a non-administrative but distinct neighbourhood with its own character: for example, a slum quarter. It is often used for a district connected with

90-484: A farming community that came into being as an enclosed settlement about 800 with Christianity 's arrival. (according to Dr. Ernst Kühle - Hestrup - Der Grafschafter, Folge 168 , February 1967) Hohenkörben Hohenkörben arose about 600 as Hankorve in Bakelde's market on a dune ridge with limited space. An exact interpretation of its name has not been achieved; however, the town of Neuenhaus also has an outlying centre by

120-448: A grove by the woods ( bi'm holte , which in more modern German might be rendered bei dem Holze or beim Holz ), and Abels holds that it refers to a settlement on the field. (according to Dr. Ernst Kühle - Bimolten - Jahrbuch des Heimatvereins 1973 ). Bookholt The name refers to a beech ( Buche ) or birch ( Birke ) grove. (according to H.Specht - Nordhorn - Geschichte einer Grenzstadt ) Brandlecht Called Bramtelghet in 1313,

150-459: Is Northorne. On town seals between 1400 and 1715 also appears the form Northorne, and only from 1827 forth does it become Nordhorn. ( Lit. : Specht, 1941/1979). The town lies in southwestern most Lower Saxony, near the border with the Netherlands and the boundary with North Rhine-Westphalia , on the river Vechte , which is the most popular river in the city. The nearest major city is Hengelo in

180-565: Is a part of an urban settlement . A quarter can be administratively defined and its borders officially designated, and it may have its own administrative structure (subordinate to that of the city, town or other urban area). Such a division is particularly common in countries like Bulgaria ( Bulgarian : квартал , romanized :  kvartal ), Croatia ( četvrt ), France ( Quartier ), Georgia ( კვარტალი , k'vart'ali ), Italy ( Quartiere ), Romania ( Cartier ), and Serbia ( четврт / četvrt ). It may be denoted as

210-400: Is hardly used. Some examples are Buscherumpje , a fisherman's shirt, or lüttje , a diminutive of lütt , little. Instead the adjective lütt is used, e.g. dat lütte Huus , de lütte Deern , de lütte Jung . There are a lot of special characteristics in the vocabulary, too, but they are shared partly with other languages and dialects, e.g.: Quarter (country subdivision) A quarter

240-473: Is meant in the sense of "pointed end", making "Nordhorn" a northern point – the jutting northerly end of a field into the Vechte Valley. Heinrich Specht pointed this out in his 1941 town chronicle in reference to the spur, or "horn", of land on which the town's first centre was built. ( Lit. : Nordhorn Geschichte einer Grenzstadt. Publisher: Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim) A more fanciful story holds that

270-408: Is perhaps similar to the "Maa(r)s", "Meu(r)s" or "Marsh" river. That is what has caused the confusion; a silent "r" or a difficulty in pronouncing the "r" due to the proximity to France. Nordhorn is called Nothoorn or Notthöörntin in the local speech. In the compilation Werdener Heberigister , the town's name is recorded in 890 as Norhthornon (note the silent "r") and in 1050 as Northornon. In 1184 it

300-674: Is the only capital where Oldenburgisch is spoken. a) b) c) Emsländisch and Oldenburgisch are also grouped together as Emsländisch-Oldenburgisch , while Bremen and Hamburg lie in the area of Nordhannoversch (in a broader sense). The most obvious common character in grammar is the forming of the perfect participle. It is formed without a prefix, as in all North Germanic languages , as well as English and Frisian , but unlike standard German , Dutch and some dialects of Westphalian and Eastphalian Low Saxon: The diminutive ( -je ) (Dutch and East Frisian Low Saxon -tje , Eastphalian -ke , High German -chen , Alemannic -le , li )

330-587: The Ems-Vechte-Kanal . Nordhorn lies in the Mid-European Temperate Zone. The average yearly temperature is 8.5 °C (47 °F), the mean air pressure is 761.5 hPa and the mean yearly precipitation amounts to between 700 and 800 mm (28 and 31 in). The climate is Subatlantic with rather mild winters and fairly warm summers. Through various amalgamations the town's area has grown to 14 959 ha, only slightly smaller than

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360-669: The Strang , private houses were built in the 1930s and later. Nordhorn's landscape was shaped millions of years ago by climate changes, especially the ice ages . The oldest sediments from a depth of about two thousand metres come from the Carboniferous . With the onset of the Cretaceous and Tertiary , the Earth's crust here formed itself into drape folds . In the mid-Tertiary, subtropical temperatures held sway on Nordhorn's plains. Thereafter began

390-532: The "Kleine Blanke". By and by, this area dried up and before the Second World War there was building on the raised edges (Dorotheenstr., Klarastr.). After the war came more widespread settlement by refugees and textile workers. As a reference to the earlier heath ponds, the new neighbourhood was given the name Blanke, which is also so with some street names, such as Blankering and Innere Blanke. One can get an impression of what this area once looked like by visiting

420-517: The 1970s, the Tuter ("Tooter"), a bronze memorial to the beginnings of inland shipping, has stood at the old harbour. Since a settlement with a harbour arose between Schüttorf and Emlichheim in the Early Middle Ages whose coat of arms bore a horn as a charge , it seems likely that Nordhorn could have arisen from this. A more scientifically based variation on what the arms mean holds that "horn"

450-493: The Dutch nature protection area De Bergvennen west of Nordhorn. Blumensiedlung In the 1920s, a scheme was undertaken to build houses for jobless miners from the Ruhr area hired for the textile industry, and for young Nordhorn families. Because the streets were named after flowers, the new neighbourhood was called Blumensiedlung ("Flower Settlement"). Bussmaate Earlier a meadowland,

480-746: The Netherlands such as Gronings. Holsteinisch is spoken in Holstein , the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany , in Dithmarschen , around Neumünster , Rendsburg , Kiel and Lübeck . Schleswigsch ( German pronunciation: [ˈʃleːsvɪkʃ] ) is spoken in Schleswig , which is divided between Germany and Denmark . It is mainly based on a South Jutlandic substrate . Therefore, it has some notable differences in pronunciation and grammar with its southern neighbour dialects. The dialects on

510-630: The Netherlands, some 20 kilometres (12 miles) southwest of Nordhorn. The nearest German cities are Münster , about 75 km (47 mi) to the southeast, and Osnabrück , about 85 km (53 mi) to the east. The landscape in and around Nordhorn is marked by the Vechte, the Vechtesee (lake), through which the Vechte flows, and three canals : the Süd-Nord-Kanal , the Nordhorn-Almelo-Kanal and

540-499: The Principality of Liechtenstein . North of Nordhorn lie the town and joint community ( Samtgemeinde ) both called Neuenhaus , while the communities of Engden and Isterberg lie to the south. The town's western limit is also part of Germany's border with the Netherlands. Nordhorn is subdivided into 17 quarters ("Stadtteile"). Altendorf The settlement of Nordhorn originally had its centre here, but on strategic grounds it

570-945: The gradual cooling, which reached its high point in the ice ages. After the last ice had melted, lowlands developed. Strong winds swept dunes up in the lifeless surface. Even today, the remains of such dune complexes can be found at the nearby Tillenberge (mountains). Archaeological finds from the Old Stone Age and the Bronze Age that followed bear witness to human settlement on Nordhorn's sand plains more than 6,000 years ago. Northern Low Saxon Northern Low Saxon can be divided into Holsteinian ( Holsteinisch ), Schleswigian ( Schleswigsch ), East Frisian Low Saxon , Dithmarsch ( Dithmarsisch ), North Hanoveranian ( Nordhannoversch ), Emslandish ( Emsländisch ), and Oldenburgish ( Oldenburgisch ) in Germany, with additional dialects in

600-433: The locals once worshipped the god Nod, Node or Nothe, the beginning of whose festival was heralded by blows on ox and cow horns. To pay homage to him, holy fire, called Nodfyr , was lit either by striking flintstones or by rubbing dry sticks together. From the god's name and the horn blowing, the town's name is said to have come. The name actually has nothing to do with any emergency horn or any god named Nod. "No(r)dhorn"

630-465: The modern German meaning of streng is "stern" or "strict", the name actually comes from the so-called Strang ("string" or "strand"), a row of dunes. The Strang stretches from Bogenstraße to Nyhoegen Bridge on Bentheimer Straße. In the early 19th century, the textile manufacturer Ludwig Povel built workers' dwellings on the near part of the Strang in the Bogenstr.-Ludwigstr. area. On the farther part of

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660-507: The name comes from Bram ( gorse ) and telge (twig). (according to Dr. Ernst Kühle - Brandlecht - Der Grafschafter, Folge 160 , June 1966). Frensdorf Called Frenstrup in Low German , the name might come from a personal name. It was also called Friethelstorpe or Frieldorp about 800, and Vrinsthorpe about 1000. (according to Dr. Ernst Kühle - Frensdorf - Jahrbuch des Heimatvereins 1971 ). Frenswegen Earlier also known as Vrendeswegen,

690-453: The name of Hohenkörben-Veldhausen. (according to Dr. Ernst Kühle - Der Grafschafter, Folge 170 , May 1967) Blanke The Blanke (the article is used with the name in German – Die Blanke ) was once a sunken heath and bog area, raised only at the edges, between which were water pools that glinted in the sunlight. Thus, they were also called Blänke . The two biggest were the "Große Blanke" and

720-515: The name's meaning could have been "lying on the way to Frensdorf". Hesepe The name Hesepe refers to the community's location on the river Vechte ( epe means water). (according to Dr. Ernst Kühle - Hesepe - Jahrbuch, Heimatverein 1982) Hestrup Hestrup was first known in 1150 as Hersebruc and in 1212 as Hersedorp ("Steed Village"). The ending –dorf or –trup , which is cognate with the English word and placename ending " thorpe ", identifies it as

750-555: The settlement was known as die Claus-Heide. Neuberlin In the early 20th century, southeast of Denekamper Straße near Frensdorf a housing coöperative was founded on an initiative by a Mr. Mäulen. It then tackled the job of building houses. To thank Mr. Mäulen for his efforts, the new neighbourhood was named Neuberlin – literally "New Berlin" – after the city where he was born. Stadtflur In earlier centuries, Nordhorn's townsfolk had so-called peat cutting rights in this area, which at that time

780-532: The so-called Buss Maate was owned by the farmer Busch in Altendorf (Buss from the farmer's name). About 1910, the textile manufacturer Rawe bought the land and had a spinning works built there. In 1913 there followed workers' dwellings. Klausheide This community was named for the son of the founder of the Klausheide Estate ( Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach), who was named Claus (Heide means "heath"). At first,

810-482: The west coast of Schleswig (Nordfriesland district) and some islands show some North Frisian influences. Oldenburgisch is spoken around the city of Oldenburg . It is limited to Germany. The main difference between it and East Frisian Low Saxon , which is spoken in the Frisian parts of Lower Saxony , is the lack of an East Frisian substrate. Oldenburgisch is spoken in the city of Bremen as "Bremian" , which

840-475: Was moorland belonging to the community of Bakelde. In 1864, this area was divided and Nordhorn received this plot as part of its municipal area. It was therefore called the Stadtsche Flur , or "town lea". By the turn of the century there was building here and the area came to be called Stadtflur . Stadtflur now has roughly 7,700 inhabitants, putting it among Nordhorn's bigger Stadtteile . Streng Although

870-470: Was later moved to the island in the river Vechte. Town rights were granted in 1379, and this older centre was given the name Oude Dorp – "Old Village". Bakelde The name comes from Bak (ridge) and Lo (grove). (according to H.Specht - Nordhorn - Geschichte einer Grenzstadt ) ?Bach Alte? Bimolten Called Bimolt in 1252 and Bimolte in 1213, opinions are rather divided over the name's origin. Specht says it refers to heaps of earth, Reurik says it refers to

900-492: Was under attack, in which case a horn – the so-called Nothorn or emergency horn – was blown by the watchmen to warn the Vechteinsel (Vechte Island) inhabitants and also to call for help. Since the town lay north of Bentheim (now Bad Bentheim ) and its castle , it is said that this yielded the name Nordhorn. A horn, however, was also used by the boatmen on the river Vechte to warn each other of ships' movements in fog . Since

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