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24-568: Nolasco is a surname of Spanish/Portuguese origin. It is derived from the 13th century Catholic saint Peter Nolasco , who died in Barcelona in 1256. In 2014 the surname was most commonly found in Mexico (over 47 thousand bearers), the Philippines (over 18 thousand bearers), Brazil and Honduras (over 10 thousand bearers each). Notable people with this surname include: Peter Nolasco Though there

48-567: A child of six years, prisoner; and sent him back to Aragon with Nolasco, who was twenty-five years old, being appointed his tutor. After making a pilgrimage to Our Lady of Montserrat , Nolasco went to Barcelona, where he began to practice various works of charity. Nolasco became concerned with the plight of Christians captured in Moorish raids and decided to establish a religious order to succor these unfortunates. Nolasco began ransoming Christian captives in 1203. In 1218, Raymond of Penyafort started

72-449: A lay confraternity for ransoming slaves from the Moors and Peter became the procurator for this. Peter's plan, was to establish a well-structured and stable redemptive religious order under the patronage of Mary. In 1230, Nolasco became the first Superior and also held the position of Ransomer, the order being concerned with the freeing of Christian prisoners from the Moors. He worked first in

96-546: A missionary presence in the New World. Royal Archives of Barcelona The General Archive of the Crown of Aragon (Catalan: Arxiu General de la Corona d'Aragó ), originally Royal Archives of Barcelona (Catalan: Arxiu Reial de Barcelona ), is an archive containing the background documents of the institutions of the former Crown of Aragon and currently also contains other historical resources. Since 1994 it has been based on

120-632: Is debate about whether Nolasco was born in France or Spain , it is clear that he was in Barcelona when he was a teenager and became part of an army fighting the Moors in the Iberian Peninsula and was appointed tutor to the young king, James I of Aragon . Between the eighth and the fifteenth centuries, medieval Europe was in a state of intermittent warfare between the Christian kingdoms of southern Europe and

144-480: Is still a sorted archive but had cataloged several scrolls that could be geographically dispersed, and usually do not take these statements as a precedent for the current archive. The first mention of a real document depot is in 1255. This depot was located at the monastery of Santa Maria de Sixena, then located in the geographic center of the Crown. The reign of James I of Aragon increased the use of paper, which increased

168-625: Is where the funds of the courts of economic control of the administration of the kingdom and the Rational Master File of the Kingdom of Valencia were deposited. In this way, the Royal Archives of Barcelona began to lose their character as a central archive: from Alfonso V documents issued in Naples, only the records were sent to Barcelona, after his death; Ferdinand II delegated to the lieutenant and

192-599: The Crown of Aragon by gathering in the Royal Archives of Barcelona all funds of the royal administration of the territories of the former Crown of Aragon . The Garma project inspired the policy of Pròsper de Bofarull , chief of the archive between 1814 and 1849, and creator of the current General Archive of the Crown of Aragon. From 1318 until 1993, the archive was headquartered in Palau del Lloctinent part of Palau Reial Major (the Royal Palace of Barcelona), and from that date it

216-566: The Principality of Catalonia by the viceroy of Catalonia , and of the royal administration of the kingdoms of Majorca and Sardinia. The royal records and the corresponding viceroys were sent to the royal archives of Zaragoza and Valencia. After the War of the Spanish Succession (1701 - 1714), Javier Garma (1740 - 1783) was appointed head of archive. He attempted to create an authentic Archive of

240-730: The Court and his secretaries did not usually send their documents to the Barcelona Archives. Under the Habsburgs, the number of royal documents preserved in Barcelona was reduced considerably, from 1621 onwards the documentation relating to Aragonese and Valencians was sent to the Simancas archive in Castile. Finally, the royal records were no longer transferred to this archive, it only housed those generated in

264-643: The French village of Mas-Saintes-Puelles, near the town of Castelnaudary, in the modern department of Aude. A fuller account of his life by Francisco Zumel appeared in 1588 and is the basis for the biography given in the Acta sanctorum. According to Butler, Nolasco followed Simon de Montfort in the war against the Albigensians . In the Battle of Muret , Montfort had defeated and killed King Peter II of Aragon ; taken his son James,

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288-461: The Kingdom of Valencia and then in Granada. He made several other journeys to the coasts of Spain, besides a voyage to Algiers. Raymond Nonnatus later succeeded to this position. The order originally attracted young noblemen, whose heritage equipped them to address the matter of ransom practically , and friars who were in holy orders and attended the choir. The knights were to guard the coasts against

312-454: The Muslim polities of North Africa, Southern France, Sicily and portions of Spain. According to James W. Brodman, the threat of capture, whether by pirates or coastal raiders or during one of the region's intermittent wars, was a continuous threat to residents of Catalonia , Languedoc and the other coastal provinces of medieval Christian Europe. Raids by militias, bands, and armies from both sides

336-453: The Saracens but were obliged to choir when not on duty. Nolasco himself was never ordained priest, and the first seven generals or commanders were chosen out of the knights though the friars were always more numerous. The founder required of himself and his followers a special vow in addition to the usual three, to devote their "whole substance and very liberty to the ransoming of slaves", even to

360-433: The ever-shifting territorial borders was in danger of capture. Captives were considered war booty. Those not ransomed were sold as slaves. In the lands of Visigothic Spain, both Christian and Islamic societies had become accustomed to the buying and selling of captives. In the thirteenth century, in addition to spices, slaves constituted one of the goods of the flourishing trade between Christian and Moslem ports. Sources for

384-495: The members to wear on their and long scapulars his own distinguished arms of Aragon. Nolasco died in 1256 in Barcelona, seven years after having resigned as Superior. According to tradition he died on 25 December, but recent studies of the Royal Archives of Barcelona have indicated that he died on 6 May. Nolasco was canonized by Pope Urban VIII . His festival was appointed by Pope Clement VIII to be kept on January 31, which

408-524: The origins of the Mercedarians are scant, and almost nothing is known of their founder, Peter Nolasco. A narrative developed between the fifteenth and early seventeenth centuries that culminated in Nolasco's canonization as a saint in 1628. The two earliest accounts, those written by the mid-fifteenth-century Mercedarian chroniclers Nadal Gaver and Pedro Cijar, declare the founder, the son of a merchant, to be from

432-572: The point of acting as hostages in order to free others. According to records, the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary for the Ransom of Captives accomplished approximately 70,000 rescues-some 2,700 during the founder's lifetime. The order elected a habit of white, signifying innocence. Some histories claim that Mary provided such guidance during her appearance to Nolasco. An enthusiastic King James authorized

456-601: The rate of production of documents and marks the beginning of the record of the royal chancery . It was founded in 1318 in Barcelona by the king James II of Aragon the Just as the unified archive of all the territories of the Crown of Aragon . It was the single central archive of the Crown from 1318-1348, in which the Courts of Zaragoza created the Archive of the Kingdom of Aragon. In 1419 the Royal Archives of Valencia where also created, which

480-530: The royal archive that were legally valid and could be useful for the rights of the Crown to Ramon de Caldes (jurist), Dean of the Cathedral of Barcelona and jurist. The result was the Liber feudorum maior . Ramon de Caldes himself said that the file was in ordinatione confused . With this compilation we know of more than one thousand documents, the oldest of the 9th century. These early mentions does not mean that there

504-456: The street Almogàvers of Barcelona , where it was transferred from the Palau del Lloctinent (Lieutenant Palace). Precedents for the archive are collections of scrolls from the clerk's office of the first Counts of Barcelona and Kings of Aragon. Is mentioned for the first time a king's archive in October 25, 1180. In 1194 King Alfonso II of Aragon commissioned the compilation of the documents from

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528-411: Was an almost annual occurrence. Alfonso VIII's incursions into Andalusia in 1182 are said to have brought him over 2,000 captives and thousands in ransom, while in 1191 the governor of Córdoba, took 3,000 prisoners and 15,000 head of cattle in an attack on Silves. For over six hundred years, these constant armed confrontations produced numerous war prisoners on both sides. Any Christian or Muslim near

552-622: Was later moved to 28 January, when the former date was assigned to the liturgical celebration of John Bosco (see General Roman Calendar as in 1954 ). He is presently inscribed in the Roman Martyrology , the official list of saints, on 6 May, the day of his death. The order spread throughout most of Spain and was closely associated with the "Reconquista" of the southern provinces under Ferdinand and Isabella. The order flourished in France, England, Germany, Portugal, and Spain. From Spain, it provided

576-501: Was partly transferred to Almogàvers street building, so it now has two locations: the historical palace for protocol events, exhibitions and courses, and the newer location for research and curation. On 20 January 2007, the Spanish government , owner and manager of the Archive, authorized the creation of a Board of Trustees (Catalan: Patronat de l'Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragó , Spanish: Patronato del Archivo de la Corona de Aragón ) located in

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