21-459: Navaghana was an early Chudasama king known only from the ballads and folklore of Saurashtra of Gujarat , India. His capital was at Vamanasthali (now Vanthali ) which he later moved to Junagadh during his last years of reign. The bardic literature says his father Dyas was defeated by Patan Raja ( Chaulukya king) and Navaghana was rescued. When Navaghana grew up, he regained the throne. He may have been benefited by weakened Chaulukyas due to
42-518: A claim on the Rajput identity after marriages with Sodha Rajput women by adopting a process called Rajputisation . Oral sources place the emergence of the Jadejas as being in the late 9th century when kingdoms were established in parts of Kutch and Saurashtra by Lakho Ghuraro and Lakho Phulani who in turn were descendents of Jam Jada , the progenitor of the clan. However, available written sources place
63-558: A king whose kingdom was captured by Jagatsimha, a feudatory of Chaulukya king Viradhavala. This Mandalika king must be another Mandalika king mentioned in latter half genealogy. As Viradhavala is known to live in VS 1288, he must be assigned the same date. As another Vanthali inscription date VS 1346, it must have been under the Jagatsimha's family till then. It seems that a later Chudasama king Mandalika regained Vanthali when Chaulukya rule weakened. So
84-603: A stepwell in the Uparkot Fort , is attributed to him. It is considered an oldest example of stepwell in Gujarat by some scholars. Chudasama dynasty The Chudasama dynasty , a Samma branch, ruled parts of the present-day Saurashtra region of Gujarat state in India between the 9th and 15th centuries. Their capital was based in Junagadh and Vamanasthali . The early history of
105-565: A stepwell, Ra Khengar Vav , on the way to Vanthali from Junagadh though it was built by Tejapala, the minister in the Vaghela court. Jadeja Jadeja ( Gujarati , Sindhi : Jāḍejā , or Jāṛejā ) is a Samma Rajput clan that inhabits the Indian state of Gujarat and the Tharparkar district of Sindh , Pakistan . They originated from Sammas of Sindh , a pastoral group, and laid
126-599: Is also advanced by Rushbrooke, who also suggests that Sammas were Hindu and might have migrated to resist conversion to Islam. An alternative view is that the Sammas were a pastoral community from which the Jadejas originated. Sociologist Lyla Mehta argues, that the Jadeja were the Hindu descendants of a Muslim tribe that had migrated from Sindh to Kutch . Once the Jadejas gained political power, they started "modelling themselves" after
147-599: The Waghela tribe called as Bhayat (Bhai means brother, essentially treated as brothers). Khengarji and his successors retained the allegiance of these Bhayat (chieftains). They claimed legendary descent from Krishna . However, historians state that such claims of illustrious descent though common among Rajput clans have no historical basis . The Jadejas had high social status and a rigid caste system . They forbade intermarriage with lower social groups – nearly every other clan relative to them – as well as intermarriage within
168-752: The Chaulukyas. Hemachandra states that Mularaja of the Chaulukya dynasty fought against Graharipu , the ruler of Junagadh, to protect the pilgrims going to Prabhas Patan . There are no known inscriptions of the period before Mandalika I. Still, it is certain that they had established their rule in the Saurashtra region before Mularaja came to power in Anahilavada because literary sources tell of battles between Chudasama kings and Chaulukya kings; Mularaja and Jayasimha Siddharaja . A Vanthali inscription records Mandalika,
189-509: The Chudasama dynasty is almost lost. The bardic legends differ very much in names, order and numbers and so are not considered reliable. Traditionally, the dynasty is said to have been founded in the late 9th century by Chudachandra . Subsequent rulers such as Graharipu , Navaghana and Khengara were in conflict with Chaulukya rulers Mularaja and Jayasimha Siddharaja . Thus they are mentioned in contemporary and later Jain chronicles. After
210-521: The Rajputs of Rajasthan and even married Rajput women in the process and adopted the Rajput customs. They claim to be descended from the legendary Jamshed of Iran . Jadeji Rani Kamabai, the sister of Jam Khengarji I of Kutch , was married to Sultan Mahmud Shah I . Khengar was raised to the title of Rao , and was granted the state of Morvi , later in 1538, by the Sultan of Gujarat . From 1638 to 1663,
231-489: The city of Palanpur was ruled by a Muslim , Mujahid Khan II, who was married to a Jadeja lady called Manbai. Their rulership was reportedly popular with the people because of the mixed marriage. A Jadeja dynasty ruled the princely state of Kutch from 1540 and 1948 (when India became a republic ). Princely state had been formed by king Khengarji I , who gathered under him twelve Jadeja noble landowning families, who were also related to him, as well as two noble families of
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#1732868617931252-515: The clan, making it difficult to arrange suitable marriages for female offspring, with costly dowries required even if a match was found. The clan developed a tradition of female infanticide as a result. When the British outlawed female infanticide, Jadeja chiefs began letting their daughters live and married them to other Rajput chiefs of equal status. The practice continues to some degree today, although where modern facilities are available it may take
273-596: The emergence of the Jadejas in the 14th century . After the Arab conquest of Sindh , various migrant communities from Sindh ( Pakistan ), as well as Arab merchants settled in Kutch ( India ). Historian Anisha Saxena suggests that the Jadejas were Hindu branches of the Samma dynasty of Sindh whose leaders, like other Sammas , had adopted the title of Jam , and had settled in Kutch. This view
294-559: The end of Chaulukya rule and that of their successor Vaghela dynasty , the Chudasamas continued to rule independently or as vassals of the successor states, the Delhi Sultanate and Gujarat Sultanate . The first known Chudasama ruler recorded in inscriptions was Mandalika I , during whose reign Gujarat was invaded by the Khalji dynasty of Delhi. The last king of the dynasty, Mandalika III ,
315-463: The form of female foeticide . Lyla Mehta, a sociologist who made studies in Kutch in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, noticed a trend in Jadejas that was unusual for other communities. In gender-based labour such as fetching water, while other communities sent women and girls to fetch the water, the Jadeja men fetched the water from the well and exercised clout at the wells and intimidated many women and girls there. This exception of men fetching
336-503: The invasion of Mahmud Ghazni who attacked desecrated the Somnath temple in 1024 CE. Navaghana came to power soon after the attack. According to bardic tales and folklore, Navaghana reigned from 1026 CE to 1044 CE and he was succeeded by his son Khengara who reigned for 23 years (1144-1167 CE), followed by his son Navaghana . Udayamati, wife of Chaulukya ruler Bhima I , was a daughter of his son Khengara. The construction of Navghan Kuvo ,
357-564: The later genealogy starts from him in later inscriptions. The Chudasamas continued to rule till VS 1527 (1472 CE) when they were defeated by Sultan Mahmud Begada. As inscriptions says about their resistance to Gujarat Sultans, it can be said that they were the most powerful dynasty in Saurashtra region at that time. Based on historical records, it is known that the coins known as Kodis, Karshapan or Pan, Vishopak, Dram and Rupak were used in Chudasama domains. Eighty Kodis were equal to one Karshapan and sixteen Karshapan were equal to one Dram. One Dram
378-467: The legendary lunar dynasty (or Chandravansh ); later inscriptions and the text Mandalika-Nripa-Charita link them to the Yadava family of the Hindu deity Krishna . For example, the inscriptions at Neminath Temple (c. VS 1510/c. 1454 CE) on Girnar describes them as being of Yadava origin. According to a legend, the father of Ra Chuda (that is, Chudachandra) was a Samma chief of Sindh ; his mother
399-454: Was defeated and forcibly converted to Islam in 1472 by Sultan Mahmud Begada , who also annexed the state. The Chudasamas are variously considered to be an offshoot of the Sammas of Sind , or of Abhira origin. The origin of the Chudasama to Chudachandra Yadav , a Rajput of the Sama tribe . The ruling dynasty was , therefore called Chudasama. Several inscriptions link the Chudasamas to
420-416: Was equal to twenty Vishopak. The Uparkot Fort of Junagadh was occupied by Chudasamas during the reign of Graharipu . Later it is said to have been rebuilt by Navaghana who had transferred his capital from Vamanasthali to Junagadh. He is also attributed with the constructions of Navghan Kuvo and Adi Kadi Vav , a well and a stepwell respectively, in the fort. His descendant Khengara is attributed with
441-535: Was the sister of Wala Ram ( c. 875 ), the last of chiefs of Vamansthali (modern Vanthali ), who had earlier served as governors under the king of Vallabhi . Nainsi ri Khyat (17th century) also states that the Chudasamas migrated to Saurashtra from Sindh. The Chudasamas were described as being associated with abhiras and as having close links with the Jadejas chieftains of Kutch, who claimed Rajput descent. The Chudasama dynasty were in constant conflict with
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