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23-465: The town of Nocera was founded in the 7th century BC by inhabitants from Camerinum , an Umbrian town, who left their ancestral homeland during a so-called ver sacrum (sacred spring), that is the deduction of a colony. The name of the town in the Osco-Umbrian language was Noukria , meaning "New" (town). The Roman town was not located on the hill - where modern Nocera lies - but in the valley, near

46-493: A hill and famous for the quality of its water springs Angelica (Six kilometers south-east of the town in the frazione of Bagni) and Cacciatore , exported to Constantinople in the 17th century, it has several historical monuments: In the Museo dell'alto Medioevo in Rome, there are important artefacts found at the end of the 19th century in almost two hundred Longobard tombs, from

69-549: A part of Umbria , it was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy and assigned to the Province of Perugia in Umbria. The town and the surrounding hamlets have been struck several times by earthquakes . The major ones took place on April 30, 1279, April 17, 1747, and September 26, 1997. The damage caused by the last of these has been fully repaired in 2016. A characteristic medieval town perched on

92-501: A partisan of the Ghibelline forces, ruled Foligno along with his brothers Niccolò and Bartolomeo , until the latter two were assassinated by the castellan of Nocera Umbra . Corrado Trinci took his revenge by attacking the town and killing the castellan. Initially a fierce enemy of the Pope, Trinci was known for plundering monasteries. Attacked by Francesco I Sforza , however, he obtained

115-538: A publication now in the public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). " Nocera Umbra ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 730. Camerino Camerino is a town in the province of Macerata , Marche , central-eastern Italy . It is located in the Apennines bordering Umbria , between the valleys of the rivers Potenza and Chienti , about 64 kilometres (40 mi) from Ancona . Camerino

138-717: Is home to the University of Camerino , founded in the Middle Ages . Camerino occupies the site of the ancient Camerinum , the inhabitants of which ( Camertes Umbri or Umbrii-Camertii) became allies of the Romans in 310 BC or 309 BC (at the time of the attack on the Etruscans in the Ciminian Forest ). On the other hand, the Katspriot referred to in the history of the year 295 BC are probably

161-742: Is served by the Rome–Ancona railway line, on which the station of the same name (in the frazione Nocera Scalo) is located. Acciano, Africa, Aggi, Bagnara, Bagni, Boschetto, Boschetto Basso, Capannacce, Casaluna, Casa Paoletti, Case, Case Basse, Castiglioni, Castrucciano, Cellerano, Colle, Collebrusco, Colle Croce, Colpertana, Colsaino, Gaifana, Isola, La Costa, Lanciano, Largnano, Le Moline, Maccantone, Mascionchie, Molina, Molinaccio, Montecchio, Mosciano, Mugnano, Nocera Scalo, Nocera Umbra Stazione, Pettinara, Ponte Parrano, Salmaregia, Schiagni, Sorifa, Stravignano, Villa di Postignano, Ville Santa Lucia. [REDACTED]   This article incorporates text from

184-625: The Picenum . According to another interpretation, Nuceria Favoniense could be another town (today's Pievefavonica), located not far from today's Nocera. Several remains of the Roman roads are still visible today. From Nuceria the Romans also built another road – the Septempedana - leading to the Roman military outposts of Prolaqueum and Septempeda , on the Adriatic side of the Apennines . According to Pliny

207-598: The Topino river. The town - with the Latin name Nuceria Camellaria (or Camellana ) – came under Roman control between the end of the 4th century and the first decades of the 3rd century BC, and became a Municipium . It soon acquired strategic importance because it lay on a branch of the via Flaminia , the road which linked Rome to the Adriatic , stretching from Forum Flamini ( S. Giovanni Profiamma , near Foligno ) to Fanum , on

230-618: The 6th and 7th centuries, from the Arimannia settled in the territory of Nocera. The principal mountain of the commune is the Monte Pennino with an altitude of 1,575 m. The town is dominated by the Monte Alago, whose meadows are the destination of walks. The municipality is served by the SS 3 Flaminia rebuilt as a variant through the junctions of Nocera Scalo, Nocera Umbra and Colle/Gaifana. Nocera

253-406: The Adriatic after the battle of Trasimeno , is said to have camped with his army near the town (in a place still known as Affrica ). Near Nuceria, on the shores of what is now the dried up Lacus Plestinus , the commander of the Roman cavalry, Gaius Centenius , fought a battle with 4,000 knights against Carthaginian troops headed by Maharbal . The town reached the height of its prosperity during

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276-532: The Elder , Nuceria was inhabited by two tribes, one the Nucerini Favonienses (faithful of Favonia , also named Fauna , a Goddess) and the other Camellani (originating from Camerinum , or possibly makers of camellae , small wooden containers). Strabo records that the town was famous for the production of wooden vases (possibly barrels ). During the second Punic war , in 217 BC, Hannibal , on his way to

299-689: The beginning of the 9th century (during the Frankish period) it became a county. The walled town – it was named arx fortissima in contemporary documents - guarded the northern border of the Duchy of Spoleto against the Byzantine garrison at Gualdo Tadino . The importance of Nocera during the Lombard period is underlined by the Necropolis excavated in 1897, whose artefacts – weapons, jewels, household utensils, ceramics - form

322-425: The city, while a sumptuous Ducal Palace was built by Giulio Cesare in 1460. Giulio Cesare's daughter, Camilla Battista da Varano , was canonized a saint by Pope Benedict XVI in 2010. In 1336 the University was founded. The Da Varano were nearly extinguished by Cesare Borgia in 1502, and in 1545 the city fell under direct Papal administration. In 1861, after Camerino become part of the unified Kingdom of Italy,

345-665: The core of the Museo dell'alto Medioevo in Rome. During the Middle Ages Nocera became a walled town, very much as it exists today. In 1202 the town came under the control of Perugia , and in 1248 it was destroyed by emperor Frederick II . A few years later it was destroyed by a large earthquake. Shortly thereafter it came into the possession of the Trinci of Foligno . In 1421 the Castellan of Nocera, Pietro di Rasiglia, suspecting his wife of adultery with Niccolò I Trinci , invited

368-474: The first two centuries AD. During the 5th century, the diocese of Nocera was established. The Roman town was destroyed at the beginning of the 5th century, possibly by the Visigoths of Alaric , on their way to Rome: the survivors rebuilt their homes on top of the hill, where today's Nocera still stands. The Lombards occupied the town and stationed an Arimannia there, then a Gastaldatus and finally, at

391-510: The inhabitants of Clusium . Later it appears as a dependent autonomous community with the foedus aequum , an "equal" treaty with Rome (Mommsen, Römisches Staatsrecht , iii. 664). Two cohorts of Camertes fought with distinction under Gaius Marius against the Cimbri . It was much affected by the conspiracy of Catiline , and is frequently mentioned in the Civil Wars; under the empire it

414-415: The pope; Manfred of Sicily 's troops, led by Percivalle Doria, besieged and destroyed it (1256): much of the population was killed, but Camerino recovered under Gentile Da Varano , who was amongst the refugees that returned in 1262. Gentile formed a lasting fiefdom for his family which lasted three centuries. In 1382, his descendant Giovanni Da Varano built a 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) long wall to defend

437-607: The title of vicar of Foligno and Nocera Umbra from Pope Martin V . After this appointment, Trinci was sent to recapture Perugia, held at the time by Oddo Fortebracci . By 1428, however, he again had rebelled against the Church. Peace with Rome was restored by 1435, but Trinci maintained his control of Montefalco . When Trinci favored the rebellion of Piero Tomacelli in Spoleto , Pope Eugene IV sent Cardinal Giovanni Vitelleschi to dethrone him. The siege of Foligno ended in 1439, when he

460-413: The university was recognised by the new state. In 1958, the school became known as the University of Camerino , a public institution. No ancient building is visible today, the Roman remains lying as much as one metre below ground level. Principal sights include: Corrado IV Trinci Corrado III (or IV ) Trinci ( fl. 1421 – 14 June 1441) was lord of Foligno from 1421 until 1439. Trinci,

483-589: The whole Trinci family to a hunting party and had them all killed, except the young Corrado , who took revenge for the murder of his relatives, attacking the town and killing the treacherous castellan. In 1439 Cardinal Giovanni Vitelleschi crushed the Trinci's Signoria , and Nocera was annexed to the Papal States . The town, with the exception of the Napoleonic period, remained under papal control until 1860 when, as

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506-556: Was a municipium . It belonged to ancient Umbria , but was on the borders of Picenum . Camerino was part of the Exarchate of Ravenna until 592, when it was captured by the Lombards . The city under the latter was the seat of a marquisate and then of a duchy which was sometimes under the suzerainty of Spoleto , and which was later conquered by the Franks . In the 10th to 11th centuries the city

529-452: Was under the Mainardi family. Boniface III of Tuscany occupied the duchy around 1050, and then ceded it to his daughter Matilda , who in turn donated it to the Papal States . After the year 1000, however, Camerino turned itself into an independent commune. Initially Ghibelline , it later became a Guelph stronghold and suffered much under Emperor Frederick II on account of its loyalty to

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