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42-560: Njoro is an agricultural town 18 km west south west of Nakuru , Kenya situated on the western rim of the Rift Valley. Njoro town was the headquarters of the former Njoro District, hived off Nakuru District. It was declared as one of the constituencies of Nakuru County in 2010. It has a population of 238,773 people according to the 2019 census report that was published by the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). Njoro

84-535: A municipality in 1952. After the founding of the Republic of Kenya, the first and second presidents of Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel Arap Moi respectively, had their semi-official residences. The city had been known for Kenyan politics and was home to politicians such as Kariuki Chotara, Kihika Kimani, Mirugi Kariuki, and Koigi Wamwere. During the 2007 post-election violence, dozens of buildings in Nakuru were burnt to

126-640: A consonant, and [ ʃ ] elsewhere. There are nine vowel phoneme qualities in Maasai A feature that Maasai shares with the other Maa languages is advanced tongue root vowel harmony . In Maasai words, only certain combinations of vowels co-occur in the same word (i.e. vowel harmony), with the vowel / a / being "neutral" in this system. In Maasai, advanced tongue vowels only co-occur with other advanced tongue vowels (i.e. /i e o u/) and /a/, whereas non-advanced tongue vowels (i.e. /ɪ ɛ ʊ ɔ/) only co-occur with each other and with /a/. Note that tones play no role in

168-449: A first-person pronoun), and the subject is less topical, the object occurs right after the verb and before the subject. The Maasai language has only two fully grammatical prepositions but can use "relational nouns", along with a most general preposition, to designate specific locative ideas. Noun phrases begin with a demonstrative prefix or a gender-number prefix, followed by a quantifying noun or other head noun. Other modifiers follow

210-504: A given class (e.g. ɔl -aláshɛ̀ “brother”; ɛn -kái “God”), some roots can also occur with both prefixes (e.g. ol -ŋatúny “lion” vs. e -ŋatúny “ lion-ness”). "Who has come?" would be asked if the gender of the visitor were known. The noun would be preceded by a gendered prefix. If the gender of the visitor were unknown, "It is who that has come?" would be the literal [English translation] question. Adjectives in Maa serve only to describe

252-640: A grammar of the Maasai language, along with texts in Maasai and English translation. The texts include stories, myths, proverbs, riddles, and songs (lyrics but no music), along with customs and beliefs explained in Maasai. Here are some of the proverbs: Here are some of the riddles: The Maasai have resisted the expansion of European languages as well as that of Swahili in East Africa . Maasai speakers engage in frequent trade using their language. However, close contact with other ethnic groups in East Africa and

294-567: A mainstay of the local economy. The economic growth of the town has been slowed due to its proximity to the provincial capital, Nakuru. Tourism has a minor but important role in the local economy. The town is part of the south Rift tourist circuit as it is on the way to the famed Masai Mara National Park . Tourists can visit the Lord Egerton Castle , which is run and maintained as a visitor and conference center by Egerton University which Lord Egerton founded as Egerton Agricultural College in

336-418: A personal pronoun because place can help identify male or female (i.e. an action occurring in the house will almost always be done by a female). Present tense in Maasai includes habitual actions, such as "I wake up" or "I cook breakfast". Past tense refers only to a past action, not to a specific time or place. In 1905, Alfred Claud Hollis published The Masai: Their Language and Folklore , which contains

378-593: Is 2423 meters above sea level. Njoro is a station on the meter gauge railway line between Nakuru and Kisumu. The town was first settled by the pastoralist tribes, Kalenjins and Maasai, before the arrival of British settlers to the Kenya highlands. Over the years the town grew to be an important center in agricultural research, education and development. The town is home to a campus of the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) and Egerton University

420-586: Is a public library run by the Kenya National Library Service. The Nakuru hospital is one of the largest in the county, historically the biggest in the province of Rift Valley. It is also home to the Nakuru War Memorial Hospital, opened shortly after World War I by Norman Jewell to commemorate troops. Nakuru has a fire department that can be accessed by calling 911. The number can be called in case of any other emergencies. Nakuru

462-678: Is a small agricultural town with a local university aimed at promoting agricultural development in Kenya , namely Egerton University established in 1934. Nakuru is the headquarters of Nakuru County . The current governor is Susan Kihika , and the Member of Parliament for the town is David Gikaria . The senator for Nakuru is Tabitha Karanja . Nakuru is a sister city of East Orange, New Jersey , United States. Maasai language Maasai (previously spelled Masai ) or Maa ( English: / ˈ m ɑː s aɪ / MAH -sy ; autonym : ɔl Maa )

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504-710: Is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken in Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania by the Maasai people , numbering about 1.5 million. It is closely related to the other Maa varieties : Samburu (or Sampur), the language of the Samburu people of central Kenya, Chamus , spoken south and southeast of Lake Baringo (sometimes regarded as a dialect of Samburu); and Parakuyu of Tanzania. The Maasai, Samburu, il-Chamus and Parakuyu peoples are historically related and all refer to their language as ɔl Maa . Properly speaking, "Maa" refers to

546-629: Is home to the Lanet Airstrip , later approved in 2017 to be upgraded to an international airport by the Ministry of Transport and the county government. Nakuru is also home to Kabarak Airstrip, located 20 kilometres (12 mi) away from the city centre. Dondori Road C86 links the city to central Kenya. The Eldoret-Nairobi highway passes through this city, linking Uasin Gishu County with Nairobi. The Rift Valley Railways narrow gauge track runs through

588-409: Is internationally known for its dense flamingo population. It is an important feeding site for great white pelicans that nest in nearby Lake Elmenteita . The park is home to over 450 species of birds and 56 mammal species, including Rothschild's giraffes . Another point of interest includes Menengai Crater , a dormant volcano . Small fumaroles and steam vents can regularly be observed within

630-692: Is situated 5 km south from the town center. Njoro was temporarily a district on its own in Rift Valley province . The population is rising due to the fact that peace is prevailing, unlike the neighbouring towns like Molo ; Mau Narok, and Likia. It is near the Mau Forest , which has become a global issue on the environment. The main economic activities are agribased industries including vegetable and milk processing, large-scale wheat and barley farming, and green house flower farming. Light manufacturing industries such as timber milling, canning, and quarrying are also

672-525: Is situated in Nakuru County, Kenya. It lies 1,850 metres above sea level. Nakuru County holds four of the Rift Valley lakes, Lake Solai , Lake Nakuru , Lake Elementaita , and Lake Naivasha . Nakuru has temperate and subtropical highland climates (known as Csb ); temperatures fall significantly at night and between June and August. The Nyayo Gardens are located along Kenyatta Avenue in Nakuru. Agriculture , manufacturing and tourism make up

714-625: Is the capital of Nakuru County , and it is the fourth largest city in Kenya and the largest in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya|Rift Valley region. As of 2019, Nakuru had an urban population of 570,674, making it the largest urban center in the Rift Valley, above Eldoret , Uasin Gishu County . The city lies along the Nairobi–Nakuru Highway , 160 kilometres (99 mi) from Nairobi , the capital city of Kenya. Archaeological discoveries were located about 8 kilometres (26,000 ft) from

756-403: Is usually verb–subject–object , but it can vary because tone is the most salient indicator of the distinction between subject and object roles. What determines the order in a clause is topicality since the order, in the simplest clauses, can be predicted according to the information structure pattern: [Verb – Most.Topical – Less.Topical]. Thus, if the object is highly topical in the discourse (e.g.

798-581: The Central Business District at Hyrax Hill . The city was incepted on 28 January 1904 when a local area one mile away from the railway station's main entrance was proclaimed to be a township by the British authorities. The name of the town was derived from the Maasai -speaking people of Kenya. During the colonial era, the British established Nakuru as part of the White Highlands and it became

840-664: The East Africa region. It is held at the Nakuru Athletics Club. Nakuru is one of six cities to host a leg of the national rugby sevens circuit. Nakuru's part in the competition is referred to as the Prinsloo sevens . It has contributed to one of Nakuru's nicknames, Nax Vegas. A motor racing track, Nakuru Park (not to be confused with the Langa Langa circuit near Gilgil ), operated in the Lake View Estate area from 1956 until

882-525: The Kalenjin coming in second place. According to the 2019 Kenya Population Census, Nakuru had the third-largest urban population in Kenya. The diverse populace of Nakuru makes it a hub for entrepreneurship. It also gives it a blend of cultures underpinning the city's culture of hospitality and cuisine. Surrounding towns include the residential town Lanet, approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Nakuru. Njoro lies 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Nakuru and

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924-595: The Kenyan Premier League. The stadium holds 8,200 people and opened in 1948. It is two kilometres from the famous Lake Nakuru National Park. Although it was used for playing sports, Afraha Stadium became famous for hosting many political meetings, including the GEMA promoted change The Constitution Series held in the 1970s. The former ruling party KANU also held many prominent meetings during the presidency of Daniel arap Moi . Nakuru has local skaters and skateboarders in

966-488: The Leakeys in 1926, is considered a major Neolithic and Iron Age site. The adjoining museum features finds from various nearby excavations. The food culture of Nakuru includes a variety of local and international cuisines. Afraha Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Nakuru, Kenya. It is mainly used for football matches, and it is the home stadium of Nakuru AllStars — part of the Kenyan Premier League — and Ulinzi Stars of

1008-450: The Maasai market area on weekends. The Rift Valley Sports Club lies in the centre of the city. The club was started in 1907 by European settlers who had settled in Nakuru in the early 1900s. A number of sporting activities are hosted at this club, including cricket . The local Indian community can be found at cricket fixtures throughout the year. The city hosts an annual rugby festival, The Great Rift 10-a-side, featuring teams throughout

1050-552: The city with a railway station located on the edge of the CBD . It connects to cities Nairobi and Mombasa to the east, and Kisumu and Eldoret to the west. Two kilometres south of the town of Nakuru is Lake Nakuru , one of the Rift Valley soda lakes , which forms part of the Lake Nakuru National Park . The park was declared a rhinoceros sanctuary in 1983 a Ramsar site in 1990, and as an Important Bird Area in 2009. The park

1092-400: The displacement of local residents and their desired resettlement have continued to cause friction. It is the fastest growing town in Nakuru county with a lot of investment within it. The area is well equipped with agriculture having the effect from KARI and Egerton University. Nakuru Nakuru (also lesser known as Nax vegas ) is a city in the Rift Valley region of Kenya. It

1134-681: The economy of Nakuru. Around the city, it is widely known for its agricultural activity. The main crops grown include coffee, wheat, barley , maize, beans , and potatoes. These crops are stored in great silos at the outskirts of the city, stored by the National Cereals and Produce Board and Lesiolo Grain Handlers Limited. The crops are the main sources for manufacturing industries found in Nakuru and Nairobi, such as flour milling and grain ginneries. Dairy farming supplies milk processing plants within Nakuru. Some manufacturing industries include

1176-472: The forested caldera from above. The second largest surviving volcanic crater in the world, it plunges 483 metres down from the rim, and the summit is accessible by walking or driving 8 kilometres to Nyahururu . The wood-covered crater ground is a nature reserve. Nakuru's closest tourist destinations are Lake Bogoria and Lake Baringo in Baringo County . The Hyrax Hill prehistoric site, discovered by

1218-607: The ground. On 3 June 2021, Nakuru was no longer a municipality after the Kenyan Senate voted that its status was adequate enough to be a city. Following the Senate of Kenya 's approval in June, the President of the Republic of Kenya chartered Nakuru on 1 December 2021. It is the fourth urban centre in Kenya to be declared a city after Nairobi , Mombasa , and Kisumu . The city of Nakuru

1260-525: The harmony system. Maasai is written using the Latin script with additional letters taken from the IPA , namely ⟨ɛ ɨ ŋ ɔ ʉ⟩, where the barred letters represent the near-close vowels. The orthography uses a few digraphs (e.g. ⟨rr⟩ for /r/, ⟨sh⟩ for /ʃ), and diacritics on vowels to represent tones. In this system, level tones are not represented, so that /ā ē ū/ etc. are represented as ⟨a e u⟩ and so forth. Word order

1302-471: The head noun, including possessive phrases. In Maasai, many morphemes are tone patterns. The tone pattern affects the case, voice and aspect of words, as in the example below: ɛ́yɛ́tá ɛ̀-ɛ́t-á 3P -remove.one.by.one- PFV . SG ɛmʊtí ɛn-mʊtí(LH) DEF . FEM . SG -pot( ACC ) (Surface Form) (Morphemes)   ɛ́yɛ́tá ɛmʊtí ɛ̀-ɛ́t-á ɛn-mʊtí(LH) 3P-remove.one.by.one-PFV.SG DEF.FEM.SG-pot(ACC) "She removed (meat) from

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1344-509: The language and the culture and "Maasai" refers to the people "who speak Maa". The Maasai variety of ɔl Maa as spoken in southern Kenya and Tanzania has 30 contrasting phonemes, including a series of implosive consonants . In Maasai, tone has a very productive role, conveying a wide range of grammatical and semantic functions. In the table of consonant phonemes below, phonemes are represented with IPA symbols. When IPA conventions differ from symbols normally used in practical writing,

1386-465: The latter are given in angle brackets. For some speakers, implosive consonants are not ingressive (e.g. IlKeekonyokie Maa), but for others, they are lightly implosive or have a glottalic feature (e.g. Parakuyo Maa). In Arusha Maa, /p/ is typically realized as a voiceless fricative [ ɸ ] , but in some words, it can be a voiced trill [ ʙ ] . The sounds and occur in complementary distribution , with [ tʃ ] occurring following

1428-555: The main thoroughfare to the capital, Nairobi. Nakuru is the home of Egerton University and Kabarak University , a private university associated with former President Moi 's business and religious interests. Mount Kenya University , University of Nairobi and Kenyatta University have campuses situated here. Nakuru contains numerous public and private secondary schools. Public schools include Nakuru Boys High School and Nakuru Girls High School (formerly Nakuru High School), Menengai High School, and Nakuru Day Secondary School. There

1470-520: The mid 1980s. Nakuru is host to a diverse populace from across Kenya making it fit the description of a cosmopolitan city. The city consists predominantly of ethnic communities such as the Kikuyu people , Kalenjin , Luhya , Gusii , Luo , and people of Indian descent. Moreover, some settler families still live in the area today. However, the majority, about 70% of Nakuru's population is the Kikuyu community with

1512-499: The mid-1930s they can also visit kembu cottages. The town also boasts of a top golf course from Njoro Country Club and a pharmaceutical facility. The Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) Food Crops Research Centre is located in Njoro town. The institution carries out research in wheat rust diseases , oil crops, agronomy and pest and disease management. Njoro is populated by people from all ethnic groups in Kenya and

1554-404: The noun, and they change tenses depending on the noun that they describe. Pronouns in Maa usually assign gender (male, female, or place); if gender is unknown, the meaning of the noun in context usually refers to a gender. For example, the context of a female might include working in the house, and a male gender would be implied if the action referred to work outside the home. Maasai uses place as

1596-638: The pot." ɛyɛ́ta ɛ̀-ɛ́t-a 3P -remove.one.by.one- IPFV . MID ɛmʊ́ti ɛn-mʊ́ti(HL) DEF . FEM . SG -pot( NOM ) (Surface Form) (Morphemes)   ɛyɛ́ta ɛmʊ́ti ɛ̀-ɛ́t-a ɛn-mʊ́ti(HL) 3P-remove.one.by.one-IPFV.MID DEF.FEM.SG-pot(NOM) "The pot is de-meated ." There are three noun classes in Maasai: feminine, masculine, and place. Noun classes are often indexed via prefixes on nouns ( ol-/ɔl- for masculine, e[n]/ɛ[n]- for feminine), although other word classes such as demonstratives may also index gender. Although words belong to

1638-400: The production of soaps, motorcycles, batteries, and gardening equipment. Nakuru is one of Kenya's largest hubs for retail supermarket chains with The Nakumatt, Naivas , Tuskys , and Gilanis being founded. The city is also a centre for various retail businesses that provide goods and services to the manufacturing and agricultural sectors. A large public market lies to the west of the town on

1680-508: The rise of English as a lingua franca has led to a reduction in the speakers of Maasai. In Tanzania, former President Nyerere encouraged the adoption of Swahili as an official language to unite the many different ethnic groups in Tanzania, as well as English to compete on a global scale. Although the Maasai language, often referred to as Maa, has survived despite the mass influx of English and Swahili education systems, economic plans, and more,

1722-400: The socioeconomic climate that the Maasai people face in East Africa keeps them, and their language, as an under-represented minority. The Maasai way of life is embedded in their language. Specifically, the economic systems of trade that the Maasai rely on to maintain their nomadic way of life, rely on the survival of the Maasai language, even in its minority status. With language endangerment,

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1764-498: Was a peaceful area during the Mau Mau troubles of the 1950s. However, the Kikuyu are now the predominant people, and thus have greatly influenced the culture of the area. Residents of Njoro lived peacefully until the politically instigated tribal clashes of the 1990s. Several people were killed and many displaced due to the laxity of the Moi regime to maintain law and order. Issues arising from

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