109-829: Nindana is a village near Rohtak city in the Rohtak district of Haryana , India. the village of Nindana is 900 years old. It comes under the jurisdiction of Meham tehsil of Rohtak district. Notable persons from Nindana • Balraj Singh Nehra was a martyr of militancy in Nagaland. He became martyr on 11.6.1988 in Operation Rakshak (Orchid). He was from village Nindana in Rohtak district of Haryana. •Maha Singh Nehra MLA Meham 1967 and Minister. Ombir Singh (Rifleman) became martyr of militancy on 16.04.2002 in Rajauri district of Jammu and Kashmir. He
218-504: A British orientalist in 1822. These coins exhibit progressive debasement with time, with a regular decrease of silver content, allowing for the sequencing of the coinage. Early issues do not mention personal names but only generic titles, thereby not matching with the names found from literature. The characteristic motif of a horseman on the reverse with a bull on the obverse goes back to the Indo-Scythian ruler Azes I . A. R. Rahman of
327-559: A battalion from king Sangramaraja of the Lohara dynasty , commanded by Tunga. The face-off happened in the middle of the following year. Bhimapala initially went about exploiting the local topography of a narrow mountain-pass in his favor, and launched stinging guerrilla attacks on Mahmud's troops—to the extent of being referred to by Uth'bi as "Bhima, the Fearless", until he got confident of his numerical superiority and switched to open-warfare; in
436-572: A battle commander, wished to inflict a decisive defeat, but had to concede when Jayapala threatened to incinerate all valuables. A war indemnity of one million Shahi dirhams and fifty war elephants was agreed upon and some frontier forts were ceded to the Ghaznavids. Accordingly, Jaypala made his way back with Ghaznavid commanders who were to take charge of the ceded forts, while some of his relatives and officials were left with Sabuktigin as hostages. Once Jayapala reached his own territories, he called off
545-585: A disastrous maneuver without consulting experienced Shahi generals, ensuring another crippling defeat coupled with a total loss of territory, west of Tausi. Rahman noted this campaign to be the death-blow for the Hindu Shahis — "it was no longer a question of whether but a question of when" the Shahis would perish. From the outset of his rule, Trilochanapala had chosen to expand into the Siwalik Hills to make up for
654-458: A distance of about 240 km from Chandigarh and about 70 km from Delhi on Delhi-Hissar-Sirsa-Fazilka National Highway (NH-10). It is the only major Institution for Medical Education and Research and a tertiary care centre for provision of specialised health care services not only to the people of the State of Haryana, but also to those from Punjab, Rajasthan, Delhi and western U.P. The Institute
763-480: A few months, the entire Shahi territory to the west of the Indus had submitted to Mahmud. Jayapala was eventually released but Muslim chroniclers differ about the specifics. Unsuri , a court-poet of Mahmud notes that he was sold in the slave market; Minhaj ad-din and al-Malik Isami adds a price of 80 dirhams. Others like al-Ansab note that Mahmud had rejected his request for pardon but allowed him to be free in lieu of
872-418: A head from later era have also been discovered at Khokhrakot archaeological site at Rohtak. The 4th-century CE astronomical text Surya Siddhanta described a spherical Earth with a prime meridian running between Avanti (Ujjain) and Rohitaka (Rohtak), while localities used their own time based on the local Panchang calendar. A seventh century CE statue of Parshvanatha , twenty-third Jain tirthankara ,
981-460: A large army, supplanted with neighboring troops under the commandership of his son, Trilochanapala, who arrived in the plains of Chach but failed to prevent Mahmud's troops from crossing across the Indus. The Battle of Chach ended with the defeat of the Hindu Shahis. Mahmud chased the fugitive troops for months, seizing Nagarkot to collect his war-spoils, in the process and even took a son of Anandapala as hostage. Governors were installed across
1090-591: A part of the National Capital Region . Average annual rainfall in Rohtak city is 597 mm (23.5 in). Rohtak's climate shows extreme variation in temperature. Temperatures in Rohtak usually range from 2 to 46 °C (36 to 115 °F). It does not usually fall below freezing point in the winter months from November to February. In summer from April to June, the day temperature generally remains between 30 °C (86 °F) and 42 °C (108 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Rohtak city
1199-563: A patron of scholars though texts from his court are not extant. Circa April 1006, Mahmud requested Anandapala to consent to the passage of his troops via his territories to reach Daud , the ruler of Multan. He declined the request and even went to the extent of stationing troops on the banks of Indus to prevent Mahmud's crossing, an enraged Mahmud waged a cataclysmic war upon the Shahis and compelled Anandapala to escape to Kashmir before eventually finishing his original objective of conquering Multan. All these territories of "Hind" were left under
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#17330924999841308-502: A payment of 2.5 million dirhams and 50 war-elephants around March 1002, which Rahman finds more likely. Jayapala returned to Hund and immolated himself in a pyre after abdicating the throne in favor of Anandapala. Anandapala ascended to the throne around April 1002. His capital city remains unknown but was likely Nandan. Anandapala had entered into marital relations with Tunga, the prime-minister of Didda , then-ruler of Kashmir and had at least two sons. He commanded significant fame as
1417-479: A precarious state and in c. 843 CE , the last ruler Lagaturman was deposed by one of his ministers, a Brahmin vazir called Kallar. The sole description of events comes from Al-Biruni: Lagatarman's unbecoming manners had led his subjects to lodge multiple complaints with Kallar, who having chanced upon a treasure trove, was rapidly purchasing his way to power. Kallar imprisoned the King for corruption and became
1526-420: A series of coins. As has been the case with previous rulers, there is a lack of information including about his actual name, course of rule and eventual fate. The unavailability of his coins in or around Gandhara points to his lack of control over the region, which did not come into contact with Ya'qub's expeditions and were likely held by Samanta's relatives. Lalliya was the first Shahi noted by Kalhana , he
1635-484: A successional dispute, leading many to suggest that the same family was not ruling anymore. Rahman disagrees that there exist sufficient evidence in favor of such a hypothesis or conclusion. One Vijayapaladeva (r. 942 or 963) is obtained from the Ratnamanjari Inscription where he is held to be the 'supreme sovereign' or ' Maharajadhiraja ' . Rahman proposed that Vijayapaladeva had to have either belonged to
1744-510: Is 4 lanes, and NH-709 from Rohtak to Panipat is 4 lanes. Rohtak City has a railway junction with connections to Delhi, Panipat , Rewari , Bhiwani and Jind converging on the city. Rohtak is connected to Bahadurgarh through Delhi line, to Gohana through Panipat line and Jhajjar through Rewari line. Delhi and Jind connections are part of the Delhi-Fazilka line , and the line is double tracked from Delhi to Bhatinda , Punjab, India , and
1853-417: Is a mass of complete merit here on earth, there is (a city) by name Udabhandra , which has been made their home by learned men forming communities, just as Meru (was made their home) by the immortal (gods) and other (supernatural beings)... ...Therein dwelt the chief of kings, Bhīma, of terrible valour (or with valour like that of Bhīma , the legendary hero), by whom, having conquered his enemies' troops,
1962-495: Is being widened to a four-lane highway. Three National Highways, NH-9 ( Malaut , Punjab to Askot in Uttarakhand ), NH-709 ( Rajgarh , Haryana to Panipat , Haryana) and NH-352 (Narwana to Rewari ) pass through the city. Rohtak is connected to Delhi through NH-9, and currently the road is being widened to six lanes by NHAI , with the plans to develop the entire corridor as an industrial area. NH-352 From Rewari to Rohtak
2071-543: Is currently in a deserted condition and a thick thorny vegetation growth has covered the tombs stones there. Rohtak is connected to seven cities by three national highways NH 9 , NH 709 , NH 352 (old NH 10, NH71, and NH71A) and two State Highways (SH16 and SH18). National Highway 9 from New Delhi to Rohtak is upgraded to six lanes with 30 km Rohtak City Bypass, so that the vehicles travelling between New Delhi and Hisar do not have to enter Rohtak city. National Highway 9 from Rohtak to Hissar and several cities of Punjab
2180-493: Is depicted as a great ruler with enormous strength to the standard where kings of other regions would seek shelter in his capital of Udabhanda , a change from the previous capital of Kabul . Ya'qub is not known to have annexed or invaded the country of Gandhara and it is assumed by Rehman that it was under the kingship of Lalliya. Khudrayaka, the Saffarid governor of Kabul, is noted to have ended his reign in 880 CE, however it
2289-847: Is developing a mega research and development facility at Rohtak. The progress as R C Bhargava, non-executive chairman of Maruti Suzuki India , says "We will be able to do research and development and testing comparable to anything Japan has. We used to send all our models to Japan for testing; all that can be done here. There will be saving of time and money." A very old and antique heritage has been preserved in Rohtak. Baba Mast Nath Math , Gokaran , kiloi temple, and several more such fine looking buildings erected in traditional Indian and Mughal styles such as spacious havelis with ornate facade, finely carved wooden door sets and sandstone pillars, mosques that were once lavishly decorated in stucco work, dharamshalas with fine looking statues of Radha and Krishna and temple spires and are few of them. The survey
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#17330924999842398-503: Is electrified between Delhi and Bhatinda. All other lines are single track and electrified i.e. Rohtak Rewari Line, Rohtak Hisar Line (via Bhiwani). Rohtak Junction railway station is served by three Shatabdi Express services ( New Delhi Moga Shatabdi Express , New Delhi–Firozpur Shatabdi Express and New Delhi Ludhiana Shatabdi Express ) and Ajmer Chandigarh Garib Rath Express . The railway track between New Delhi and Rohtak has been electrified. EMU services has been running between
2507-415: Is inhabited by 75,528 families, and the population density of the city is 5,186 persons per square kilometre, which is higher than the state average density of 573 persons per square kilometre. The city had a sex ratio of 946 females per 1,000 males and 10.9% of the population were under six years old. Effective literacy was 84.08%; male literacy was 88.94% and female literacy was 78.68%. According to
2616-556: Is most significant for vanquishing the Samanid Empire in Ghazni and Kabul in response to their conquests. Jayapala then gained control and was brought into conflict with the newly formed Ghaznavid Empire , however, he was eventually defeated. During his rule and that of his son and successor, Anandapala, the kingdom of Lahore was conquered. The following Shahi rulers all resisted the Ghaznavids but were ultimately unsuccessful, resulting in
2725-466: Is noted to have deserted his posts by then. In 1021, Trilochanapala, by then a ruler of little significance in all probabilities, was assassinated by his mutinous Hindu troops for reasons unknown. Bhimapala, who must have escaped the Rais sometime in between, succeeded him and continued to rule until 1026; nothing is known about his rule or territories. Adab al-harb —a manual of state-craft produced during
2834-572: Is relatively abundant but only provides snippets of trivia. The language is exclusively Sharda . A samvat is mentioned in all of them whose zero year is understood to correspond to 822 C.E. based on the Zalamkot Bilingual Inscription; it has been assumed to be initiated by Kallar on his coronation, as was typically the case for most Hindu dynasties of medieval India. Copper land grants etc. are yet to be documented. The 10th century Arab historian Masudi mentioned that in his time
2943-588: Is set to come up on the Rohtak-Panipat line in 18 months, and the existing railway track will be replaced by a road, which will be built at the cost of Rs 8 crore. The city hosts the Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Civil Hospital, both of which are operated by the state government. There are also various privately operated medical facilities. Pt B.D.Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak has situated at
3052-416: Is unknown what arrangements Ya'qub made for the governance of Kabul after his victory and imprisonment of the then ruler; we only have Tarikh-i Sistan noting that Kabul was under an unnamed Ya'qub governor as late as 878/879. It is speculated that this governor was some blood relation of Samanta who was favorably inclined to Islam and went on to take the title of Khudarayaka (Small King) as ascertainable from
3161-700: Is unknown what brought about his downfall. It is assumed Lalliya was implicated as when Kabul is next mentioned in 900 CE, it is described as reverting back as Shahi territory. Amr ibn al-Layth succeeded Yaqub as the Amr of the Saffarid dynasty in 879 CE. The Tarikh-i Sistan records 'two Indian kings', reconstructed as Toramana and Asata described as governors and sons of Lalliya, are stated to have taken advantage of Amr al-Layth 's preoccupation with rebellions in Khorasan and to have successfully invaded Ghazni in 900 CE, defeating
3270-448: Is unknown whether Anandapala's offer was accepted but Mahmud stalled his chase of Ilaq Khan and turned his attention to the Shahis; Sukhapala offered negligible resistance before fleeing into Kashmur from where he was captured, fined, and imprisoned to death. It is likely that Anandapala was installed as the next Ghaznavid vassal. C. December 1008, Mahmud mounted an invasion of Hindu Shahis for reasons which are not clear. Anandapala sent
3379-536: The 2011 Census of India , most of the inhabitants of the city are followers of Hinduism , with a minor Jain , Muslim and Sikh population. There is a mini Secretariat in the city, located near the court. The Haryana Government has asked the Union Government to declare Haryana Sub-Region (HSR) a zone of strategic national interest. HSR consists of 35 urban centres, including Gurgaon, Faridabad, Panipat, Sonepat and Rohtak. The growth rate of urban population in
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3488-535: The Abbasid Caliph Al-Mu'tamid from Kabul however it not clear whether this is indicative of the city or of the Kabul valley , though according to Rehman the latter was most probable. The Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ states that the ruler of Kabul was made prisoner though it is not clear whether this was Samanta. The region was in Saffarid control until 878 CE before being recaptured by Lalliya, the successor to Samanta. It
3597-571: The Doab entered into treaties with one another and with the Hindu Shahis to ward off future invasions of a similar scale. Mahmud did not take kindly to these alliances and returned in October 1019. Trilochanapala's men were tasked by Vidyadhara of Chandela to prevent Mahmud's troops from crossing across the Ramganga (somewhere around Bulandshahr ) and they took positions at the eastern bank but failed to execute
3706-579: The Lok Sabha MP Deepeder Singh Hooda. Of the 3,356 completed schemes, 1,560 were from these three districts whereas 1,796 schemes were completed in the rest of the state. Ambala MP Selja Kumari is also against the region-specific and biased development of Rohtak. The Haryana Urban Development Authority has spent over Rs 3.4 billion on the development of Rohtak. Until 31 December 2010 collected Rs 3.22 billion as external development charges in Rohtak and spent almost Rs 6.63 billion of
3815-681: The Quaid-i-Azam University and Ahmad Hasan Dani did rudimentary field surveys in the late 1960s. Afterwards, the Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan (IAMP) extensively surveyed the regions in and around Swat . In 1996, Khan and Meister obtained a license from Department of Archaeology for an "integrated study of Hindu-Śāhi sites"; excavation at Kafir-kot and field-surveys of the Salt Range were engaged in with aid from
3924-572: The Rajiv Gandhi Sports Complex in Sector-6 which was completed in 2012. The complex includes cricket, hockey and football facilities, tennis courts, an athletics stadium, wrestling hall, swimming pools and other leisure facilities. An athletic pavilion has also been constructed at the sports complex. The pavilion has a height of 100 feet and it has a capacity to accommodate 8000 spectators. A synthetic track has also been constructed in front of
4033-603: The Samanids and sometime after 913 CE, the power vacuum led to the rise of a friendly power in the Ghazna province, the Lawik dynasty , which flourished until 962 CE and engaged in marital ties with the Hindu Shahis. There are various unsubstantiated speculations regarding the end date of Kamaluka's reign, ranging from 900 to 950. Mentioned as 'Bhima' in Al-Biruni 's list, and identified with
4142-723: The Turk Shahis in 815 CE who had invaded Khorasan. Following this defeat, the Turk Shahis not only had to convert to Islam but also had to cede key cities and regions. Another campaign against the Gandhara branch seems to have followed soon, with the Caliphate reaching as far East as the Indus river and imposing a critical defeat. A hefty annual tribute was to be paid in return for sovereignty rights to both territories. The Turk Shahis ended up in
4251-773: The University of Pennsylvania and the American Institute of Pakistan Studies. Inscriptions remain scarce. Mostly found in Udabhanda , they either commemorate the commissioning of temples or are affixed at the base of idol-pedestals. Of the former kind— Mir Ali Inscription, Dewal Inscription, Dewai Inscription, Ratnamanjari Inscription, Veka Inscription, Hund Stone Inscription, Kamesvaridevi Inscription, Barikot Inscription, and Isvara Inscription—most are disfigured to various extents due to their use as grinding stones in medieval times and are decipherable only in parts. The latter kind
4360-560: The Śri Bhīmadeva coin series, Bhimadeva was one of the most accomplished rulers of the Hindu Shahis along side Lalliya. His rise to power was concurrent with the growth of neighboring Hindu kingdoms such as that of the Pala Empire . According to the Khajuraho stone inscription, the Kangra Valley was under the authority of a Shahi king assumed to be Bhimadeva, and it is further presumed that
4469-560: The 10th century CE, as coins of King Samanta Deva of the Hindu Shahi have been found here. The town was conquered by the Ghaznavids under Mahmud of Ghazni between 1020-1030. In the 12th century, Chahamanas ruled in the Rohtak region. Sixteenth century source the Ain-i-Akbari lists Rohtak as a Mughal pargana under Delhi sarkar , producing a revenue of 8,599,270 dams for
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4578-576: The 12th-century Rājataraṅgiṇī as the name of a town and district in northern India. The name also appears in the " Praśasti of Lākhā Maṇḍal at Madha". Clay mounds of coins discovered at Khokhrakot have thrown light on the process of casting coins in ancient India . Dating to the 3rd or 4th century CE, a large number of coin moulds from the Yaudheyas reign have been unearthed from Khokhrakot, alongside various clay seals from that period and beyond. 4th to 6th century CE, Gupta terracotta plaque and
4687-515: The 50 years of its existence, Pt. B.D.Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak has witnessed a phenomenal growth achieving not only its designated goals but also in expanding its horizons to set newer objectives completely commensurable with the requirements of the National goal of “Health for all by 2020”. In NCR, out of 108 towns only 33 towns have sewerage system and even in these 33 towns, the coverage can at best be classified as partial. The network coverage in some of
4796-495: The Hindu Shahis. Al-Biruni notes that Samanta was the successor of Kallar and may have been his son, but their genealogical relationship is left undescribed. Like in the case of Kallar, there is a total lack of information on his rule or even his actual name and he seems to have replicated the Turk Shahi system of producing no name on their coinage. The Samanta series prototype was followed by all future Hindu Shahi rulers and even
4905-410: The Hindu Shahis. Rahman speculates that either their Brahmin affiliation was a late rumor floated to justify their original usurpation of the throne, or they were fallen Brahmins, who ran afoul of caste-rules while discharging royal duties. According to André Wink , all other sources state the Shahis as Kshatriyas . Rahman accepted folklore among current inhabitants of Hund about pre-Muslim kings of
5014-627: The Kabul branch or had been a local Shahi feudatory. Khaw disagrees and instead equates Vijayapaladeva with one Thakkana Sahi, mentioned by Kalhana as a rebel who had to be captured by Queen Didda of Kashmir. For Khaw, this identification fits within the narrative of Muslim sources; Jayapala ascended only after this threat was neutralized. Bilgetegin succeeded Abu Ishaq Ibrahim on the occasion of his death in November 966, and ruled for about nine years, before being assassinated during his invasion of Gardiz ,
5123-797: The Muslim Ghaznavids, who succeeded the Hindu Shahis. In 870 CE, Ya'qub ibn al-Layth , the founder of the recently formed Saffarid dynasty marched onto Kabul . According to the Tarikh-i Sistan , the Saffarids had come into conflict with the zunbil dynasty based in modern day Ghazni and after having defeated them, a son of the Zunbils had fled into the area corresponding to Kabul resulting in Yaqub's invasion. It has been attested to by numerous sources that Ya'qub had brought forth idols and elephants to
5232-594: The Panipat defeat, Keshavdas and his cousin Bhajan settled in Dadri . Records from the Pandas of Garhmukteshwar suggest his descendants' prominent status. These descendants are identified as Gaur Brahmins with Vatsa gotra . Rohtak lies 70 kilometres (43mi) north-west of New Delhi and 250 kilometres (160 mi) south of the state capital Chandigarh on NH 9 (old NH 10). Rohtak forms
5341-554: The Saffarid governor named as Fardaghin, though the Tarikh does not make it clear whether it was the region of Zabulistan or of the city. Kalhana notes that Lalliya was a significant ally of the Gujrati ruler Alakhana against the machinations of the Utpala dynasty , whose ruler Samkaravarman invaded the Hindu Shahis c. 902 CE, however Kalhana further states that Lalliya's 'mighty glory outshone
5450-486: The Shahi to be an infidel, proclaimed his absolute devotion to Sabuktigin and pledged to attack Jayapala upon release. Around the same time, Jayapala was challenged by Bharat, a Raja of Lahore who wished to wrest control of Nandana , Jailam and Takeshar. Anandapala, then Governor of Punjab and son of Jayapala, was ordered to intercept Bharat's forces and in the ensuing battle, Bharat was imprisoned and Lahore annexed; however
5559-513: The Shahis, allegedly resolving to invade their territories every year. In what was the last battle of his life, Jayapala met with Mahmud in the Battle of Peshawar on 27 September 1001; one Shahi governor of the Bardari province named Adira Afghan is held to have switched sides and aided in the safe and quick passage of Mahmud's troops across Shahi provinces. Mahmud saw through Jayapala's tactics of delaying
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#17330924999845668-516: The Smart City project was biased and based on political considerations. The Municipal Corporation has prepared a strategy for future developments, that includes new residential areas, healthy environment, and maintained roads. Manohar Lal Khattar, the Haryana CM, formally launched the country's first railway elevated track project on 17 March 2018. The ambitious, 6-km track, costing around Rs 316 crore,
5777-499: The acting regent before usurping the throne permanently. The new "Hindu Shahi" dynasty was thus established in Gandhara . None apart from Al-Biruni mentions Kallar; nothing is known about his rule or territorial extent or even his regnal dates. Historians such as that of Alexander Cunningham suggest that coin series bearing the obverse title 'Spalapati' ('Warlord) were minted by Kallar. According to Edward Clive Bayley 's misreading of
5886-471: The aim of waging holy war against the Lawik dynasty and the Hindu Shahis. The Lawik king fled to the Shahi domain in hopes of gaining re-inforcements to conquer the lost territory and in c. 963 Bhimadeva was successful in capturing Ghazni . This victory is engraved in the Hund Slab Inscription dated to c. 989 CE during the reign of the succeeding Shahi Jayapala. ...To the north of the Indus, which
5995-527: The battle in a state of panic once Sandbal was assassinated by a Turk archer. He seemed to have been based around the Siwaliks and might have been a Shahi heir — many contemporary Muslim chronicles do mention a Hindu triumvirate to have unsuccessfully attacked the Ghaznavids around the same time but mention only two of the names, both petty Siwalik chieftains and not Sandbal. Some Shahis migrated into Kashmir and gained prominent positions in their court. Shaivism
6104-550: The census of 2011 Male:- 7,016 Female:-5744 Total:-12,760. Founded By Nehra jats This Haryana location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Rohtak Rohtak ( Hindustani pronunciation: [roɦ.t̪ək] ) is a city and the administrative headquarters of the Rohtak district in the Indian state of Haryana . It lies 70 kilometres (43 mi) north-west of New Delhi and 250 kilometres (160 mi) south of
6213-606: The city be spared in lieu of a negotiated peace treaty. Mahmud rejected the request and sacked Thanesar with an uneventful passage via Shahi territories. However, as a consequence or otherwise, Trilochanapala soon stopped paying the annual tributes to Mahmud and declared war. In November 1013, Mahmud progressed towards Hind to contain Trilochanapala but failed to make it across the snow-laden passes. Taking advantage of this delay, Trilochanapala tasked his son Bhimapala with arranging Shahi troops and went to Kashmir, where he received
6322-482: The city of Bhimanagar in present day Kangra was named after him. The Rajatarangini states that Bhima's daughter was married to the Lohara dynasty king of Kashmir, and his grand-daughter noted as Didda became the Queen and last ruler of the Utpala dynasty . In the final years of Bhima's reign in c. 962, Alp-Tegin , a rebel Turkish chief of the Samanid Empire , had annexed the regions of Zabulistan and Kabul with
6431-491: The conflict in the hope of receiving reinforcements and declared war immediately. Soon, the Shahis were in a state of disarray with Jayapala and fifteen of his relatives taken as prisoners. About one million Shahi forces were taken as slaves. The war-spoils awed contemporary chroniclers: the royal necklaces alone were valued at over six million Shahi dirhams. Mahmud continued his raid as far as Hund , as his forces chased fleeing troops and decimated pockets of resistance. Within
6540-400: The conquered provinces and Mahmud would return to Ghazni. This would be the last military conflict of Anandapala; the next year, Anandapala sent an embassy to Mahmud. The proposal of peace was accepted and in return, Hindu Shahis were to accept tributary status, provide (limited) military support, guarantee passage of troops, and remit an annual tribute. Mahmud sent his own agents to oversee
6649-421: The contribution for woodwork was given by JF Bruster and RF Kalenal. There are some tombstones, having dated inscriptions in the graveyard near mini secretariat building of Rohtak. Previously it was said to be surrounded by a garden, but now only a narrow strip of land is left for this cemetery. It has some 180-year-old historic tombstones, including one identified to be that of DC Moore. This centuries old cemetery
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#17330924999846758-455: The corrupted remains of a Bactrian legend as Arabic numerals, he proposed that another series of coins bearing the legend 'Samanta' ('Feudatory') were also minted by Kallar. He argued the 'Spalapati' series to have been minted for circulation in Persian regions of his territory and the 'Samanta' series for Sanskrit -speaking regions. and it has been adduced that Kallar may have felt insecure about
6867-702: The downfall of the empire in 1026 CE. No literature survives from Hindu Shahi courts. Unlike the case of Turk Shahis, only fragmented information can be obtained from chronicles of neighboring powers — Kashmir and Ghaznavi . Of the former, Kalhana's Rajatarangini (1148-1149) is the only extant source. Of the latter, there are Tārīkh al-Hind by Al-Biruni (c. 1030), Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī by Abu'l-Faḍl Bayhaqi (c. late 11th century), Zayn al-Akhbar by Abu Sa'id Gardezi , and Kitab-i Yamini by al-Utbi (c. 1020). The Hindu Shahis issued silver jital coinage which underwent wide circulation from nearby Sindh to northeastern Europe. They were first "discovered" by James Tod ,
6976-426: The earth was protected... ...The king of that (country) is (now) Jayapaladeva, who, through his body, origin, and birth, has become the sole hero, whose very pure fame, having left heaven, has attained the eternal abode of Brahman.... Bhima's death is chronologically placed within the span of 964 to 965 CE. The Hund Slab Inscription attributes his passing to him 'burning himself through Shivas desire but not through
7085-401: The enemy lines repeatedly using light attacks and followed them with an all-out assault, routing the Shahis who had to flee beyond the Indus despite their overwhelming numerical superiority. The entire span of territory up to Peshawar was lost, and Sabuktigin installed his own tax-collectors; local tribes were ordained into Ghaznavid arms too. A ribāṭ was commissioned at Kindi to commemorate
7194-529: The enforcement of the peace treaty and within a year, normal trade relations had resumed. The death of Anandapala is not recorded in any chronicle; however, it can be ascertained to be c. late 1010 - early 1011. The fate of the son taken back to Ghazni remains unknown. Al-Biruni held that Trilochanapala had a favorable attitude towards Muslim subjects, unlike his father. Trilochanapala did not dishonor Anandapala's treaty, but when Mahmud wished to march towards Thanesar via Hindu Shahi territories, he proposed that
7303-556: The fund. However, the most developed cities of the state based expenditure on infrastructure over the last 15 years are Gurgaon , Faridabad , Hisar , Panchkula , Panipat and Ambala . As of 2018, Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation (HSIIDC) has developed an Industrial Model Township (IMT). MNCs like Maruti Suzuki, Asian Paints, Suzuki Motorcycle, Nippon Carbide, Amul , Lakshmi Precision Screws and Aisin Automotive launched work on projects. Maruti
7412-451: The governorship of a certain Sukhapala, a neo-convert. However, a couple of years hence, Sukhapala renounced Islam (c. late 1006) and declared rebellion. At this juncture, Anandapala tried to make space for himself by promising to aid Mahmud in containing Turk rebellions at the other side of his empire; apparently, he did not want a ruler who had defeated him, to be defeated by another. It
7521-564: The imperial treasury and supplying a force of 2000 infantry and 100 cavalry. The existence of a brick fort was also noted. According to Rao Uttam Singh from Sangrur, Keshavdas Pardhan, who may be an ancestor of the Vachhas family of Rohtak, was stationed at Kotputli during the Third Battle of Panipat leading Maratha forces under a Peshwa general. His duties involved managing supplies, maintaining vigilance, and reporting enemy movements. After
7630-483: The important cities in NCR includes NCT Delhi, Meerut, Ghaziabad, Noida, Faridabad, Panipat, Gurgaon, Rohtak, Sonepat and Alwar where Rohtak was completed 65% in 2001 and 90% in 2011 according to an official report. The development of Rohtak caused controversy in 2013 as a result of the allegedly disproportionate number of state development projects that have been awarded to the city by Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda , who
7739-526: The kings of Gandhara were all called " [REDACTED] " (which has been variously read Hajaj , J.haj or Ch'hach ), Elliot transliterated the character to "Hahaj" and Cunningham had it equated to the Janjua tribe/clan , who were held to be descendants of the Rouran Khaganate . Rahman doubts this theory and instead transliterates to "J.haj", an Arabicised form of Chhachh , while the area of Gandhara itself
7848-465: The kings of the north'. Samkaravarman was killed by a stray arrow in Hazara , with scholars stating Lalliya's role in his death. A year later, his successor Gopalavarman re-invaded Shahi territory to depose a rebellious Shahi, and installed Lalliya's son Toramana with the new name of "Kamaluka". Rajat., v, 232-33: As superintendent of the treasury he (Prabhakaradeva, the prime minister of Gopalavarman -
7957-539: The last bastion of the Lawiks. His successor Piri was described as a drunkard whose oppressive rule led the citizens of Ghazna to request the return of Lawik. Lawik mounted yet another expedition with help from the "son of Kabul Shah" and met the Muslim forces in the area of Charkh . Both breathed their last in the war and the Muslim forces imposed an overwhelming victory, despite their numerical inferiority. Sabuktigin became
8066-472: The legitimacy of his rule as long as the imprisoned Turk Shahi ruler Lagaturman was alive, and hence affirmed his claim to leadership by such indirect titles. The 'Spalapati' series may also have been minted by the last Turk Shahi rulers instead as 'Pati Dumi', who was defeated by the Abbasid Caliph Al-Ma'mun , is described by Al-Azraqi and Al-Biruni as an 'Ispahbadh' ('Warlord'), equivalent to
8175-525: The limelight when Sachin Tendulkar played his last Ranji match in October 2013 List of films , Chandrawal , Jagat Jakhar ) Hindu Shahi#Samanta The Hindu Shahis , also referred to as the Kabul Shahis and Uḍi Śāhis , were a dynasty established between 843 CE and 1026 CE. They endured multiple waves of conquests for nearly two centuries and their core territory was described as having contained
8284-519: The mayhem that followed this tactical blunder, the Shahis were routed and Bhima had to flee. The fortress at Nandana was sacked for war-spoils and a Ghaznavid governor was installed, while Mahmud went searching for Trilochanapala. Trilochanpala, in the meantime, had set up his base with Kashmiri forces on the banks of the Poonch River . An initial round of success against a Ghaznavid reconnaissance party contributed to Tunga's pride and he then mounted
8393-399: The nobility of Lahore pleaded on behalf of their old King, who was reinstated as a feudatory after payment of tributes. About a year hence, Bharat's son Chandrak deposed him on the grounds of waging an ill-thought-out campaign against the Shahis, and became the new feudatory. For reasons which are not clear, c. 998-999 (eight years after the usurpation), Jayapala declared war against Lahore on
8502-518: The pavilion for warming up of athletes. Apart from this, three earthen mounts have been developed on international standard and these would provide seating capacity for 22,000 spectators. Therefore, in all, a total of 30,000 spectators would be able to view the sports activities in this sports complex. Chaudhary Bansi Lal Cricket Stadium is a cricket ground in the Lahli, Rohtak (Haryana). The Stadium can accommodate only 8,000 spectators. The ground came into
8611-520: The pretext of protecting his suzerain Bharat and dispatched Anandapala. Chandrak was ambushed and kidnapped around the battleground of Samutla, and Lahore was annexed by the Shahis. Rahman speculates that the Shahis were trying to balance their losses to the Ghaznavids using any pretext. In 998 CE, Mahmud ascended the Ghaznavid throne at Ghazni, and went on an annexation spree. Soon, Mahmud turned his eyes on
8720-400: The process of development. Model Town, DLF Colony, Sector 1 and Sector 14 are considered to be upmarket areas of the city. Entrance of Sector-14 is opposite to Gate number 2 of Maharshi Dayanand University. D-Park, Model Town comprises all branded showrooms and one of the best places to hangout in the city. Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar's hometown, Karnal , tops the cities shortlisted by
8829-464: The region belonging to the Hodi tribe, and proposed an Odi origin for the Hindu Shahis belonging to Oddiyana , a region in Gandhara . He also pointed to the famous Senvarma inscription as evidence in support and suggested Odi Shahis or Uḍi Śāhis as an accurate name for the dynasty. Meister found Rahman's arguments to be convincing. The Abbasids led by caliph Al-Ma'mun defeated the Kabul branch of
8938-467: The regions of Eastern Afghanistan and Gandhara , encompassing the area up to the Sutlej river in modern day Punjab , expanding into the Kangra Valley . The empire was founded by Kallar in c. 843 CE after overthrowing Lagaturman, the last Turk Shahi king. The history of the Hindu Shahis begins in 843 CE with Kallar deposing the last Turk Shahi ruler, Lagaturman. Samanta succeeded him, and it
9047-409: The screening committee for the ‘smart city’ tag at a meeting. Faridabad was placed second while Gurgaon, Rohtak and Hisar could seize only the third spot. The Department of Urban Local Bodies asked for recommendations for smart city contenders from all municipal bodies. Rohtak's Ex Mayor Renu Dabla (presently Manmohan Goyal) has stated that the process adopted for the selection of Haryana districts for
9156-408: The semi-confined aquifers are tapped by shallow tubewells which are 22,000 in number. Rohtak is the sixth most populous city in the state of Haryana with a population of 373,133 as per the provisional 2011 census figures. The population in 2001 was 294,577, and the population growth rate during 2001-2011 was 26.7%. Spread over an area of 72.18 square kilometres (27.87 sq mi), Rohtak
9265-510: The state capital Chandigarh on NH 9 (old NH 10). Rohtak forms a part of the National Capital Region (NCR) which helps the city in obtaining cheap loans for infrastructure development from the NCR Planning Board. Rohtak is the sixth most populous city in Haryana as per the 2011 census with a population of 373,133. Rohtak is identified with the older form Rauhītaka , which occurs in
9374-587: The successor of Samkaravarman ) plundered the riches of the amorous (queen) and vanquished the Sahi kingdom at Udabhanda. He bestowed the kingdom of the rebellious Sahi upon Toramana, Lilliya's son, and gave him the (new) name Kamaluka. Nothing definite is known about the reign of the Hindu Shahi ruler Kamaluka, except that he was succeeded by his son, Bhimadeva. Concurrent to his reign, the Saffarids rapidly lost their power to
9483-473: The task. Subsequently, Trilochanapala planned to move away, probably to join Vidyadhara's forces for the main faceoff, but a swift charge by Mahmud's troops inflicted yet another resounding defeat. Bulandshahr was sacked and two of his wives and daughters imprisoned. He tried to enter into a peace-treaty but in vain, causing him to flee to Vidyadhara. It is not known whether he made it to the camp but Vidyadhara
9592-416: The terrible enemy', suggesting a ritualistic suicide, and the absence of any noted political setbacks further supports the inference that his death occurred under such circumstances. In c.965 CE Ghazni was recaptured from the Lawik dynasty by Abu Ishaq , the successor of Alp-Tegin, after Bhimas death. Bhimadeva's successors would all have the surname of "Pala", and Muslim sources give hazy indications of
9701-452: The territories lost in his predecessors' conflicts with the Ghaznavids: this brought him into multiple conflicts with Chandar Rai of Sharwa . But the fatal encounter with Mahmud ensured that Trilochanapala had nowhere but the Siwaliks to retreat into and compelled him to enter into a peace treaty, even offering his son to be married to the daughter of Chandar. The offer was accepted but Bhima
9810-524: The times of Iltutmish , which contains a host of unique information about the Ghaznavids—note that in 1040, one Sandbal, a grandson of the Kabul Shah, marched towards Lahore seeking to utilize the imprisonment of Masʽud I and resulting political instability to his favor. The armies met at Qadar Jur (var. Qalachur) and despite the Shahis having numerical superiority, they were defeated as their troops left
9919-501: The title Spalapati. Rahman therefore believes that Kallar did not initiate any changes in the currency system of the last Turk Shahis and the Samanta series was minted by succeeding Hindu Shahi rulers. Numismatist and historian Michael Alram 's publications take note of this view; however some scholars attribute the entirety of the bull/horserider coinage, including the Spalapati series, to
10028-458: The treaty and threw the commanders into prison, hoping to force Sabuktigin into exchanging hostages. Sabuktigin refused to believe that the treaty had been breached, but once it was established beyond doubt, he plundered the frontier town of Lamghan : temples were demolished and houses burnt down. In response, Jayapala secured troops from unidentified Rajas, and met with the Ghaznavids near Kindi (modern day Kandibagh ?). The Ghaznavids breached
10137-624: The two cities since March 2013. There is currently no commercial airport serving the city. The state govt has shown interests in building a Greenfield Cargos Airport at the Meham town to serve this city and the AAI has given consent in principle for this. The nearest International Airport is Indira Gandhi International Airport at Delhi approx.72 km. All India Radio has a local station in Rohtak which transmits various programs of mass interest. The Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA) has developed
10246-548: The undisputed leader of the Ghazni region, as he would go on to overthrow Piri. Kabul was lost forever and the foundation stone of the Ghaznavid Empire was cast. In 986–987, Jayapala marched towards Ghazni and met with Sabuktigin 's forces at Ghuzak. The war remained largely inconclusive for days before the tide turned against the Shahis: Jayapala was forced to propose a peace treaty. Mahmud , son of Sabuktigin and
10355-551: The victory. However, Peshawar and adjacent regions returned to the Shahis sometime soon, probably during what would be a long interlude in the Ghaznavid-Shahi conflict. Circa 990–991, Mahmud would be imprisoned by his father Sabuktigin on grounds of fomenting a rebellion. Jayapala probably tried to leverage the rift in his favor by promising to rescue Mahmud, marry off his daughter to him, and further, allot sufficient wealth and troops. Mahmud did not respond favorably and noting
10464-403: The winter season. Due to the low rainfall and its short duration, agricultural activities are mostly dependent upon canal irrigation and tubewells. The development of the area largely depends over the quality as well as quantity of ground water. As far as Rohtak District is concerned ground water occurs in semi-confined to unconfined aquifers. The unconfined aquifers are tapped by dugwells. While
10573-482: The year 1994, Medical College, Rohtak was renamed as Pt. B.D.Sharma, Medical College, Rohtak and subsequently, it was upgraded to a Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences in the year 1995. Today Pt. B.D.Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak is a famous institution not only for medical education but also for the healthcare facilities both at the National as well as International level. The institute has a remarkably well-developed campus spread over an area of 350 acres of land. During
10682-485: The zone has been above 60 per cent, the highest among all the constituents of National Capital Region. These urban centres face a rapid growth in population as the workforce travels to work from here to the Capital. Old sectors of the city are Sector 14, Sector 1, Sector 2, Sector 3 and Sector 4. Sectors 5, 6, 28 (Omaxe City) and 34-36 (Suncity) were recently developed, while Sector 21, Sector 25 and Sector 27 are currently in
10791-436: Was 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) (29 May 2024) while the lowest recorded temperature is −0.8 °C (30.6 °F) (24 December 2011). Annual rainfall of the district is about 58 cm. The rainfall is unevenly distributed and decreases from south east to south west. About 80% of the total rainfall is received during the rainy season, which lasts from July to September. Some rainfall is received from western disturbances during
10900-476: Was besieged by Syed Khizer Khan in 1410 which could only succeed after a long seizure lasting six months. Rohtak is among the oldest organised districts of Haryana; the British officers used to reside here since 1810. Those British constructed a Church at Rohtak, which was completed in 1867. It was named as All Saints Church . Its central hall was built by Maj. Feindala in the memory of his daughter Athel Nora, while
11009-553: Was born in a nearby village. This has led to severe criticism by both the opposition parties and some members of the governing Indian National Congress party, who have attacked Hooda for bias. Rao Inderjit Singh , a BJP leader from South Haryana , used Right to Information requests to determine that from a total of 5,135 announcements of schemes in the state, 2,045 went to the three districts of Rohtak, Jhajjar and Sonepat . These areas were in Hooda's own constituency and that of his son,
11118-617: Was called "country of the Rahbūt " (Rājpūt) which is even today the name of the region around the Hindu Shahi capital of Hund . In the 10th century, this region was occupied by the tribe of the Gakhars and Khokhars , who formed a large part of the Hindu Shahi army according to the Persian historian Firishta . Al-Biruni , a contemporary, claimed that the Shahis were Brahmins . However this goes against Masudi's statement, as well as against Kalhana, whose contemporaneous Kshatriyas staked descent from
11227-465: Was during his reign that the region of Kabul was lost to the Persianate Saffarid empire . Lalliya replaced Samanta soon after and re-conquered Kabul whilst also subduing the region of Zabulistan . He is additionally noteworthy for coming into conflict with Samkaravarman of the Utpala dynasty , resulting in his victory and the latter's death in Hazara . Bhimadeva, the next notable ruler,
11336-584: Was extended to study a few large village estates such as Balambha, Farmana Khas, Lakhan Majra, jassia, Bhaini Surjan and Meham by Society for Peoples’ Advancement, Technology and Heritage (SOPATH). The present Monastery was founded by Baba Mast Nath in 1731. A centuries-old fort was situated at Rohtak, in present-day Qilla Mohallah. That fort was built by Sheikhs of Yemen under Qazi Sultan Muhammad Surkh Zulqarni during Ghauri Dynasty kings . The then Delhi emperor Mahmud Tughlaq posted two brothers, Malik Idrees and Mubariz Khan at that fort in 1400. The fort of Rohtak
11445-568: Was found in the Asthal Bohar village. Ninth century jain sources, like the Vipakasutra , reveal the prominence of the Jain deity Parshvanatha and his protector Dharanendra in Rohtak around this time. The Vipakasutra is one of twelve ancient texts of Śvetāmbara Jainism , written around ninth century CE, as a kingdom of kings Vesamanadatta and Pusyanandi . The town continued to flourish till
11554-542: Was from Nindana village in Meham tahsil of Rohtak district in Haryana. Unit - 9 Rashtriya Rifles/Rajrif. • Also the previous C.M of Haryana belong to this village Shri Manohar Lal khatar. Gotras:- •Nehra •Rathi •Saran District:Rohtak Tehsil:Mehem(Old) / Lakhan majra (New ) State:Haryana Latitude:28.961977 Longitude :76.29515 Nearest Railway station: Lakhan majra railway station (12km) Nearest Airport:Hissar Airport. Census Population : according to
11663-471: Was imprisoned when he went to bring the bride home and Chandar asked for reparations. This brought an end to Trilochanapala's imperial ambitions in the Lower Himalayas for the time being though stray conflicts continued. When Mahmud sacked Sharwa while returning from his Kanauj campaign (c. 1017), Trilochanapala is noted to have taken refuge with Paramara Bhoja . Sometime soon, significant polities in
11772-448: Was practised by the Hindu Shahis and likely was also the predominant religion; Saura was practised by some subjects, as were Buddhism and Islam . Kabul exported cotton clothing and indigo. Ibn Hawqal mentions the high quality cotton and wool industries during Shahi reign in which exports to China and Khorusan were noted. Silver ore was also smelted in Andarab and mining occurring in
11881-487: Was started under the name of Medical College, Rohtak in the year 1960. For the first three years, the students were admitted to Medical College, Patiala which acted as a host Institution. In 1963, the students were shifted to Rohtak. In the subsequent years, multifaceted expansion measures have transformed the Institute into a fully developed centre of Medical Education and research in all the major disciplines of Medicine. In
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