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28-630: In Turkish, nilüfer means " water lily ." The river may have been named for the flowers or for Nilüfer Hatun , a wife of the Ottoman sultan Orhan . The district of Nilüfer in Bursa Province is named after the river. Today, the Doğancı-1 Dam crosses it. John Cramer considered the Nilufer to be the classical Odrysses though noted there were some problems with this. ( Latin : Horisius ). Its plain

56-402: A sister taxon , the family Cabombaceae , indicate, however, that the flowers of extant water lilies with the most floral parts are more derived than the genera with fewer floral parts. Genera with more floral parts, Nuphar , Nymphaea , Victoria , have a beetle pollination syndrome , while genera with fewer parts are pollinated by flies or bees , or are self- or wind-pollinated . Thus,

84-399: A description of a particular plant practically loses its value. Use of these terms is not restricted to leaves, but may be applied to morphology of other parts of plants, e.g. bracts , bracteoles , stipules , sepals , petals , carpels or scales . Some of these terms are also used for similar-looking anatomical features on animals. Leaves of most plants include a flat structure called

112-399: A leaf. may be coarsely dentate , having large teeth or glandular dentate , having teeth which bear glands Leaves may also be folded, sculpted or rolled in various ways. If the leaves are initially folded in the bud, but later unrolls it is called vernation , ptyxis is the folding of an individual leaf in a bud. The Latin word for 'leaf', folium , is neuter. In descriptions of

140-459: A long pedicel and usually floating or raised above the surface of the water, with girdling vascular bundles in receptacle . Some species are protogynous and primarily cross-pollinated, but because male and female stages overlap during the second day of flowering, and because it is self-compatible, self-fertilization is possible. Female and male parts of the flower are usually active at different times, to facilitate cross-pollination, although this

168-433: A morphologically aberrant species of Nymphaea , and is now included in this genus. The genera Euryale , of far east Asia, and Victoria , from South America, are closely related despite their geographic distance, but their relationship toward Nymphaea need further studies. The sacred lotus was once thought to be a water lily, but is now recognized to be a highly modified eudicot in its own family Nelumbonaceae of

196-599: A river in Turkey is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Nymphaeaceae Extant genera Fossil genera Nymphaeaceae ( / ˌ n ɪ m f i ˈ eɪ s i . iː , - ˌ aɪ / ) is a family of flowering plants , commonly called water lilies . They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains five genera with about 70 known species. Water lilies are rooted in soil in bodies of water, with leaves and flowers floating on or rising from

224-532: Is a small family of three to six genera: Barclaya , Euryale , Nuphar , Nymphaea , Ondinea , and Victoria . The genus Barclaya is sometimes given rank as its own family, Barclayaceae , on the basis of an extended perianth tube (combined sepals and petals ) arising from the top of the ovary and by stamens that are joined in the base. However, molecular phylogenetic work includes it in Nymphaeaceae. The genus Ondinea has recently been shown to be

252-537: Is an aggregate of nuts, a berry, or an irregularly dehiscent fleshy spongy capsule. Seeds are often arillate, more or less lacking endosperm . Nymphaeaceae has been investigated systematically for decades because botanists considered their floral morphology to represent one of the earliest groups of angiosperms . Modern genetic analyses by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group researchers has confirmed its basal position among flowering plants. In addition,

280-419: Is commonly used for plant identification. Similar terms are used for other plant parts, such as petals , tepals , and bracts . Leaf margins (edges) are frequently used in visual plant identification because they are usually consistent within a species or group of species, and are an easy characteristic to observe. Edge and margin are interchangeable in the sense that they both refer to the outside perimeter of

308-535: Is considered symbolic of the grief of separation; it is considered to evoke imagery of the sunset, the seashore, and the shark. Water lilies were depicted by the French artist Claude Monet (1840–1926) in a series of paintings . The main job of the Maya rulers during pre-Columbian Mesoamerica was to obtain clean and drinkable water for their citizens during both the wet and dry seasons. Their success in accomplishing this

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336-532: Is instead a liquid flowing directly from water lily flowers that were on the heads of certain gods. It is likely that the Maya ingested these plants to create a non-ordinary state of consciousness, which makes sense because there is a class of opiate alkaloids in Nymphaeaceae. Overall, these examples show just how important this specific form of water symbolism was throughout the Maya region. Peltate The following terms are used to describe leaf morphology in

364-617: Is just one of several reproductive strategies used by these plants. There are 4–12 sepals , which are distinct to connate , imbricate , and often petallike. Petals lacking or 8 to numerous, inconspicuous to showy, often intergrading with stamens . Stamens are 3 to numerous, the innermost sometimes represented by staminodes. Filaments are distinct, free or adnate to petaloid staminodes, slender and well differentiated from anthers to laminar and poorly differentiated from anthers; pollen grains usually monosulcate or lacking apertures. Carpels are 3 to numerous, distinct or connate. The fruit

392-516: Is not always clear whether because of ignorance, or personal preference, or because usages change with time or context, or because of variation between specimens, even specimens from the same plant. For example, whether to call leaves on the same tree "acuminate", "lanceolate", or "linear" could depend on individual judgement, or which part of the tree one collected them from. The same cautions might apply to "caudate", "cuspidate", and "mucronate", or to "crenate", "dentate", and "serrate". Another problem

420-640: Is the national flower of Iran , Bangladesh and Sri Lanka . The Emblem of Bangladesh contains a lily floating on water. It is also the birth flower for the month of July. The Nymphaeaceae, which is also called (Nilufar Abi in Persian), can be seen in many reliefs of the Achaemenid period (552 BC) such as the statue of Anahita in the Persepolis . Lotus flower was included in Kaveh the blacksmith 's Derafsh and later as

448-535: Is to establish definitions that meet all cases or satisfy all authorities and readers. For example, it seems altogether reasonable to define a mucro as "a small sharp point as a continuation of the midrib", but it may not be clear how small is small enough, how sharp is sharp enough, how hard the point must be, and what to call the point when one cannot tell whether the leaf has a midrib at all. Various authors or field workers might come to incompatible conclusions, or might try to compromise by qualifying terms so vaguely that

476-405: Is what allowed them to grow their polity by attracting dry-season laborers. They did this by constructing water systems such as reservoirs , wetland reclamation, and dams and channels to capture and store rainwater. With their knowledge of the wetland biosphere, they transformed artificial reservoirs into wetland biospheres. One way that they tested whether the water systems were working properly

504-514: The Gulf Coast of North America, is planted throughout the continent. It has escaped from cultivation and become invasive in some areas, such as California's San Joaquin Valley . It can infest slow-moving bodies of water and is difficult to eradicate. Populations can be controlled by cutting top growth. Herbicides can also be used to control populations using glyphosate and fluridone . The water lily

532-416: The Nymphaeaceae are more genetically diverse and geographically dispersed than other basal angiosperms. Nymphaeaceae is placed in the order Nymphaeales , which is the second diverging group of angiosperms after Amborella in the most widely accepted flowering plant classification system, APG IV system . Victoria Euryale Nymphaea Ondinea Barclaya Nuphar Nymphaeaceae

560-429: The blade or lamina, but not all leaves are flat, some are cylindrical. Leaves may be simple, with a single leaf blade, or compound, with several leaflets . In flowering plants , as well as the blade of the leaf, there may be a petiole and stipules ; compound leaves may have a rachis supporting the leaflets. Leaf structure is described by several terms that include: Being one of the more visible features, leaf shape

588-685: The description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina' is undivided) or compound (that is, the leaf blade is divided into two or more leaflets ). The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, and may be smooth or have hair, bristles, or spines. For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf article. The terms listed here all are supported by technical and professional usage, but they cannot be represented as mandatory or undebatable; readers must use their judgement. Authors often use terms arbitrarily, or coin them to taste, possibly in ignorance of established terms, and it

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616-631: The flag of the Sasanian Empire Derafsh Kaviani . Today, it is known as the symbol of Iranians Solar Hijri Calendar . Lily pads, also known as Seeblätter , are a charge in Northern European heraldry, often coloured red ( gules ), and appear on the flag of Friesland and the coat of arms of Denmark (in the latter case often replaced by red hearts ). The water lily has a special place in Sangam literature and Tamil poetics, where it

644-465: The flowers were prevalent in their iconographic records. Aristocrats and religious figures wore masks and/or headdresses during celebratory events that had water lilies and/or water lily symbols to appear like gods. There is also evidence that water lilies were used as cultural entheogenic . Some interpretations of ritual scenes drawn out by the Maya have been blood being extracted from perforated body parts. However, more close examinations show that this

672-761: The large number of relatively unspecialized floral organs in the Nymphaeaceae is not an ancestral condition for the clade. The Nymphaeaceae are aquatic, rhizomatous herbs. The family is further characterized by scattered vascular bundles in the stems, and frequent presence of latex , usually with distinct, stellate-branched sclereids projecting into the air canals. Hairs are simple, usually producing mucilage (slime). Leaves are alternate and spiral, opposite or occasionally whorled, simple, peltate or nearly so, entire to toothed or dissected, short to long petiolate , with blade submerged, floating or emergent, with palmate to pinnate venation. Stipules are either present or absent. Flowers are solitary, bisexual, radial, with

700-817: The order Proteales . Several fossil species are known, including Cretaceous representatives of Nymphaea , as well as fossil genera such as Jaguariba from the Cretaceous of Brazil , Allenbya from the Ypresian of British Columbia , Notonuphar from the Eocene of Antarctica , Nuphaea from the Eocene of Germany, and Susiea from the Late Paleocene Almont Flora of North Dakota, USA. The beautiful nature of water lilies has led to their widespread use as ornamental plants . The Mexican waterlily , native to

728-703: The surface. Leaves are oval and heart-shaped in Barclaya . Leaves are round, with a radial notch in Nymphaea and Nuphar , but fully circular in Victoria and Euryale . Water lilies are a well-studied family of plants because their large flowers with multiple unspecialized parts were initially considered to represent the floral pattern of the earliest flowering plants. Later genetic studies confirmed their evolutionary position as basal angiosperms . Analyses of floral morphology and molecular characteristics and comparisons with

756-442: Was if the Nymphaeaceae were thriving. Water lilies became a visual sign of water cleanliness, so the Maya elite began to associate themselves with the flowers. The Maya began to use water lily iconography depicted on stelae , monumental architecture, murals, and in hieroglyphic writing . Even in Maya settlements like Palenque , where the main water supplies were springs and flowing streams (places where water lilies cannot grow),

784-588: Was known as Mygdonia and formed the Persian satrapy of Dascylium . It formerly flowed into the Rhyndacus but now joins the Simav (ancient Macestos ) north of Karacabey . 40°17′58″N 28°27′26″E  /  40.29944°N 28.45722°E  / 40.29944; 28.45722 This article about a Marmara Region of Turkey location is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to

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