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45-645: The most notable upgrade over the Nikon Z6 is the inclusion of a second memory card slot. The Z6II features an SD card slot and a CFexpress / XQD card slot. The camera features dual EXPEED 6 image processing engines, a first for Nikon cameras. This improves autofocus performance and enables 4K video recording at 60 fps. The frame rate for photos was increased from 12 fps to 14 fps with a larger memory buffer, but 14 fps can only be used in 12-bit RAW and single-point autofocus. The autofocus system has been vastly improved with more advanced eye detection. Lastly, in video recording,

90-677: A 32 GB SDHC card and a 64 GB SDXC card. Later that year, Lexar released the first 256 GB SDXC card, based on 20 nm NAND flash technology. In February 2014, SanDisk introduced the first 128 GB microSDXC card, which was followed by a 200 GB microSDXC card in March 2015. September 2014 saw SanDisk announce the first 512 GB SDXC card. Samsung announced the world's first EVO Plus 256 GB microSDXC card in May 2016, and in September 2016 Western Digital (SanDisk) announced that

135-468: A 64 GB microSDXC card. Kingmax released a comparable product in 2011. In April 2012, Panasonic introduced MicroP2 card format for professional video applications. The cards are essentially full-size SDHC or SDXC UHS-II cards, rated at UHS Speed Class U1. An adapter allows MicroP2 cards to work in current P2 card equipment. Panasonic MicroP2 cards shipped in March 2013 and were the first UHS-II compliant products on market; initial offer includes

180-636: A USB card reader from Panasonic, and an integrated SDXC card reader from JMicron. The earliest laptops to integrate SDXC card readers relied on a USB 2.0 bus, which does not have the bandwidth to support SDXC at full speed. In early 2010, commercial SDXC cards appeared from Toshiba (64 GB), Panasonic (64 GB and 48 GB), and SanDisk (64 GB). In early 2011, Centon Electronics, Inc. (64 GB and 128 GB) and Lexar (128 GB) began shipping SDXC cards rated at Speed Class 10. Pretec offered cards from 8 GB to 128 GB rated at Speed Class 16. In September 2011, SanDisk released

225-602: A new pin interface providing backwards compatibility. Function Extension specifications and UHS Speed Class U1 were included in v4.10 while v4.2 contained UHS Speed Class U3 specification, supporting 4K video. smartSD with NFC capabilities was introduced in 2013. September 2013 saw the first intelligent SDIO (iSDIO) specification along with a wireless LAN addendum. In February 2016, the SD Association announced its fastest speed class, Video Speed Class, which delivers real-time multi-file recording for many applications and supports

270-506: A non-profit organization to create and promote SD Card standards. As of 2023 , the SDA has approximately 1,000 member companies. It uses several SD-3C-owned trademarked logos to enforce compliance with its specifications and denote compatibility. In 1999, SanDisk , Panasonic (Matsushita) and Toshiba agreed to develop and market the Secure Digital (SD) memory card. The card was derived from

315-727: A prototype of the first 1 TB SDXC card would be demonstrated at Photokina . In August 2017, SanDisk launched a 400 GB microSDXC card. In January 2018, Integral Memory unveiled its 512 GB microSDXC card. In May 2018, PNY launched a 512 GB microSDXC card. In June 2018 Kingston announced its Canvas series of microSD cards which were capable of capacities up to 512 GB, in three variations, Select, Go! and React. In February 2019, Micron and SanDisk unveiled their microSDXC cards of 1 TB capacity. The Secure Digital Ultra Capacity (SDUC) format supports cards up to 128 TB and offers speeds up to 985 MB/s. In April 2024, Western Digital (SanDisk) revealed

360-579: A second row of pins. Each lane is capable of transferring up to 156 MB/s. In full-duplex mode, one lane is used for Transmit while the other is used for Receive. In half-duplex mode both lanes are used for the same direction of data transfer allowing a double data rate at the same clock speed. In addition to enabling higher data rates, the UHS-II interface allows for lower interface power consumption, lower I/O voltage and lower electromagnetic interference (EMI). SD Association The SD Association ( SDA )

405-478: A small-form-factor extension to the SD card standard. While the new cards were designed for mobile phones, they were usually packaged with a miniSD adapter that provided compatibility with a standard SD memory card slot. MicroSD form-factor memory cards were introduced in 2004 by SanDisk at CeBIT and originally called T-Flash, and later TransFlash, commonly abbreviated to "TF". T-Flash was renamed microSD in 2005 when it

450-402: A venue for SDA members to receive updates on SDA activities and an opportunity to update SD specifications and standards. General Assembly Meetings are held bi-annually (spring and fall). General assembly events include an open plenary session in which members receive updates about SDA activities followed by speakers from the industry or market analysts. The committees hold working sessions after

495-516: Is a proprietary , non-volatile , flash memory card format the SD Association (SDA) developed for use in portable devices. Because of their small physical dimensions, SD cards became widely used in many consumer electronic devices, such as digital cameras , camcorders , video game consoles , mobile phones , action cameras such as the GoPro Hero series, and camera drones . The standard

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540-493: Is an American nonprofit organization that sets standards for the SD memory card format. SanDisk , Panasonic (Matsushita), and Toshiba formed the SD Association in January 2000. In 2010, the SDA had approximately 1,000 member companies involved in the design and development of SD standards. Thousands of device models and hundreds of products across dozens of product categories integrate

585-502: Is led by a board of directors, chairman of the board, president, secretary and treasurer. The SDA also has multiple board committees including finance, legal and licensing, plus ad hoc committees that address specific needs. SDA's organization operates three primary committees – technical, marketing, and compliance. The association ensures global coverage by having key boards members in each region: The SDA meets quarterly to review spec developments and promotion planning. Meetings provide

630-458: Is not proprietary anymore, as Lexar has the 1066x running at 160 MB/s read and 120 MB/s write via UHS 1, and Kingston also has their Canvas Go! Plus, also running at 170 MB/s). Version 4.0, introduced in June 2011, allows speeds of 156 MB/s to 312 MB/s over the four-lane (two differential lanes) UHS-II bus, which requires an additional row of physical pins. Version 5.0

675-426: Is the most relevant for storing and retrieving large files (relative to block sizes internal to the flash memory ), such as images and multimedia. Small data (such as file names, sizes and timestamps) falls under the much lower speed limit of random access , which can be the limiting factor in some use cases. With early SD cards, a few card manufacturers specified the speed as a "times" ("×") rating, which compared

720-661: The FAT32 file system. Version 2.0 also introduces a high-speed bus mode for both SDSC and SDHC cards, which doubles the original Standard Speed clock to produce 25  MB/s . SDHC host devices are required to accept older SD cards. However, older host devices do not recognize SDHC or SDXC memory cards, although some devices can do so through a firmware upgrade. Older Windows operating systems released before Windows 7 require patches or service packs to support access to SDHC cards. The Secure Digital eXtended Capacity (SDXC) format, announced in January 2009 and defined in version 3.01 of

765-593: The MultiMediaCard (MMC) and provided digital rights management (DRM) based on the Secure Digital Music Initiative (SDMI) standard and a high memory density ("data/bits per physical space"), i.e. a large quantity of data could be stored in a small physical space. SD was designed to compete with the Memory Stick , a flash storage format with DRM Sony had released the year before. Toshiba hoped

810-538: The SD Association (SDA) to promote SD cards. The SD Association, which was headquartered in San Ramon, California , United States, then had 30 member companies and product manufacturers that made interoperable memory cards and devices. Early samples of the SD card became available in the first quarter of 2000, and production quantities of 32 and 64 megabyte (MB) cards became available three months later. The first 64 MB cards were offered for sale for 200 USD. SD

855-695: The SD Association introduced SD Express which added the PCI Express and NVMe interfaces to the legacy SD interface. The PCIe interface will deliver a 985 MB/s maximum data transfer rate and the NVMe upper layer protocol enables advanced memory access mechanisms. In tandem with the SD Express release, the SD Association also announced the SD Ultra Capacity (SDUC) card. The maximum storage capacity in SD memory cards grows from 2 TB with SDXC to 128 TB with

900-457: The SD card logo, and report this capability to the host device. Use of UHS-I requires that the host device command the card to drop from 3.3-volt to 1.8-volt operation over the I/O interface pins and select the four-bit transfer mode, while UHS-II requires 0.4-volt operation. The higher speed rates of UHS-II and III are achieved by using two-lane 0.4 V low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) on

945-509: The SD card’s DRM would encourage music suppliers concerned about piracy to use SD cards. The trademarked SD logo was originally developed for the Super Density Disc , which was the unsuccessful Toshiba entry in the DVD format war. For this reason, the letter "D" is styled to resemble an optical disc. At the 2000 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), the three companies announced the creation of

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990-538: The SD specification, supports cards up to 2 TB, compared to a limit of 32 GB for SDHC cards in the SD 2.0 specification. SDXC adopts Microsoft's exFAT file system as a mandatory feature. Version 3.01 also introduced the Ultra High Speed (UHS) bus for both SDHC and SDXC cards, with interface speeds from 50 MB/s to 104 MB/s for four-bit UHS-I bus. (this number has since been exceeded with SanDisk proprietary technology for 170 MB/s read, which

1035-493: The SD specification, supports cards with capacities up to 32 GB. The SDHC trademark is licensed to ensure compatibility. SDHC cards are physically and electrically identical to standard-capacity SD cards (SDSC). The major compatibility issues between SDHC and SDSC cards are the redefinition of the Card-Specific Data (CSD) register in version 2.0 (see below ), and the fact that SDHC cards are shipped preformatted with

1080-662: The SD:XC standard, such as the Samsung Galaxy S III and Samsung Galaxy Note II mobile phones, to expand their available storage to several hundreds of gigabytes . In January 2009, the SDA announced the SDXC family, which supports cards up to 2 TB and speeds up to 300 MB/s. SDXC cards are formatted with the exFAT file system by default. SDXC was announced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2009 (January 7–10). At

1125-508: The SDUC card. Both releases maintained backward compatibility and are part of the new SD 7.0 specification. In February 2019, the SD Association announced the microSD Express. The microSD Express cards offer PCI Express and NVMe interfaces, as the June 2018 SD Express release did, alongside the legacy microSD interface for continued backwards compatibility. The SDA also released new visual marks to denote microSD Express memory cards to make matching

1170-478: The adoption, advancement and use of SD standards. These standards are adopted by product manufacturers that make mechanical definitions and environmental requirements); File System Spec (definitions of the file system requirements in SD cards); SDIO and Intelligent SDIO card specifications (wireless LAN and TransferJet interface SD memory cards); SD Host Controller Interface Spec; Advance Security SD specification, implementation and test guidelines. The SD Association

1215-468: The average speed of reading data to that of the original CD-ROM drive. This was superseded by the Speed Class Rating , which guarantees a minimum rate at which data can be written to the card. The newer families of SD card improve card speed by increasing the bus rate (the frequency of the clock signal that strobes information into and out of the card). Whatever the bus rate, the card can signal to

1260-643: The camera can now record 4K "Ultra HD" footage at 60p in DX-crop mode. The Z6II features the same back-illuminated full-frame 24.5-megapixel CMOS sensor as the Z6. << Nikon DSLR cameras << Nikon 1 cameras PROCESSOR : EXPEED 6 | Dual EXPEED 6 | EXPEED 7 VIDEO: Slow-motion video , 4K video , 6K video , 8K video SCREEN: Articulating , Touchscreen BODY FEATURE: In-Body Image Stabilization , Weather Sealed SD card Secure Digital , officially abbreviated as SD ,

1305-552: The card and device easier for optimal device performance. In May 2020, the SD Association introduced the SD 8.0 (SD8.0) specification for the SD Express memory card. In May 2022, the SD Association announced the SD 9 Specification. In October 2023, the SD Association announced the SD 9.1 Specification, which defines the access rules required to ensure the minimum defined performance of the PCI/NVMe interface in SD Express cards, including multi-stream access of up to eight streams. SDA

1350-482: The change of file system, SDXC cards are mostly backward compatible with SDHC readers, and many SDHC host devices can use SDXC cards if they are first reformatted to the FAT32 file system. The SD Association provides a formatting utility for Windows and Mac OS X that checks and formats SD, SDHC, SDXC and SDUC cards. SD card speed is customarily rated by its sequential read or write speed. The sequential performance aspect

1395-649: The first and most basic App Performance level, App Performance Class 1, or A1. In February 2017, the SD Association expanded its App Performance Class with Application Performance Class 2 (A2), more than doubling random read and write speeds guaranteed in the entry-level App Performance Class 1. . In February 2017, the SD Association introduced UHS-III, doubling the fastest SD memory card transfer rate up to 624 MB/s. UHS-III faster speeds help move large amounts of data generated by data-intense Gbit/s wireless communication, 360-degree cameras, drones, 3D, 4K and 8K videos recorded on SDXC and SDHC memory cards. In June 2018,

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1440-447: The highest video resolutions and qualities available. With Video Speed Class, 4K, 8K, 3D, and 360-degree video recordings are now assured and accessible. In November 2016, SD Specification 5.1 established the new Application Performance Class to meet technical and market requirements to both run and store applications on SD memory cards while still providing storage of pictures, videos, music, documents, and other data. SD 5.1 introduced

1485-412: The host device. Devices that support miniSDHC work with miniSD and miniSDHC, but devices without specific support for miniSDHC work only with the older miniSD card. Since 2008, miniSD cards are no longer produced, due to market domination of the even smaller microSD cards. The storage density of memory cards increased significantly throughout the 2010s, allowing the earliest devices to offer support for

1530-495: The host that it is "busy" until a read or a write operation is complete. Compliance with a higher speed rating is a guarantee that the card limits its use of the "busy" indication. SD cards will read and write at speeds of 12.5 MB/s. High-Speed Mode (25 MB/s) was introduced to support digital cameras with 1.10 spec version. The Ultra High Speed (UHS) bus is available on some SDHC and SDXC cards. Cards that comply with UHS show Roman numerals 'I', 'II' or 'III' next to

1575-506: The same show, SanDisk and Sony also announced a comparable Memory Stick XC variant with the same 2 TB maximum as SDXC, and Panasonic announced plans to produce 64 GB SDXC cards. On March 6, Pretec introduced the first SDXC card, a 32 GB card with a read/write speed of 400 Mbit/s. But only early in 2010 did compatible host devices come onto the market, including Sony 's Handycam HDR-CX55V camcorder , Canon 's EOS 550D (also known as Rebel T2i) Digital SLR camera,

1620-539: The small, removable memory cards. The SD Association develops industry standards that define the next generation of SD cards and guide manufacturers in developing new products. This strategy has made the SD memory card the most widely used removable memory card form factor in the industry. "SD memory card" and "SD host device" are the umbrella descriptions for any memory card or device built to SD standards. The SDA does not manufacture, market or sell any product. It exists solely to create industry standards and promote

1665-402: The spec and allowed the inclusion of an exFAT driver. Users of older kernels or BSD can manually install third-party implementations of exFAT (as a FUSE module) in order to be able to mount exFAT-formatted volumes. However, SDXC cards can be reformatted to use any file system (such as ext4 , UFS , VFAT or NTFS ), alleviating the restrictions associated with exFAT availability. Except for

1710-498: The world's first 4 TB SD card at NAB 2024 , which will make use of the SDUC format. It is set to release in 2025. Secure Digital includes five card families available in three form factors . The five families are the original standard capacity (SDSC), high capacity (SDHC), extended capacity ( SDXC ), ultra capacity ( SDUC ) and SDIO , which combines input/output functions with data storage. The second-generation Secure Digital (SDSC or Secure Digital Standard Capacity) card

1755-471: Was adopted by the SDA. TransFlash and microSD cards are functionally identical, allowing either to operate in devices made for the other. A passive adapter allows the use of microSD and TransFlash cards in SD card slots. In September 2006, SanDisk announced the 4 GB miniSDHC. Like the SD and SDHC, the miniSDHC card has the same form factor as the older miniSD card but the HC card requires HC support built into

1800-1129: Was announced in February 2016 at CP+ 2016, and added "Video Speed Class" ratings for UHS cards to handle higher resolution video formats like 8K . The new ratings define a minimal write speed of 90 MB/s. The Secure Digital Ultra Capacity (SDUC) format, described in the SD 7.0 specification, and announced in June 2018, supports cards up to 128 TB and offers speeds up to 985 MB/s, regardless of form factor, either micro or full size, or interface type including UHS-I, UHS-II, UHS-III or SD Express. The SD Express interface can also be used with SDHC and SDXC cards. SDXC and SDUC cards are required to be formatted using exFAT , but many operating systems will support others. Windows Vista (SP1) and later and OS X (10.6.5 and later) have native support for exFAT. (Windows XP and Server 2003 can support exFAT via an optional update from Microsoft.) Most BSD and Linux distributions did not have exFAT support for legal reasons, though in Linux kernel 5.4 Microsoft open-sourced

1845-489: Was developed to improve on the MultiMediaCard (MMC) standard, which continued to evolve, but in a different direction. Secure Digital changed the MMC design in several ways: Full-size SD cards do not fit into the slimmer MMC slots, and other issues also affect the ability to use one format in a host device designed for the other. The Secure Digital High Capacity (SDHC) format, announced in January 2006 and defined in version 2.0 of

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1890-401: Was envisioned as a single memory card format for several kinds of electronic devices, that could also function as an expansion slot for adding new capabilities for a device. The first 256 MB and 512 MB SD cards were announced in 2001. At March 2003 CeBIT , SanDisk Corporation introduced, announced and demonstrated the miniSD form factor. The SDA adopted the miniSD card in 2003 as

1935-649: Was founded January 28, 2000 by SanDisk , Panasonic (Matsushita) and Toshiba – named also as "SD Group". The founding individual members include: The SD Association held its first meeting on January 28, 2000, in San Francisco and elected the first SDA Board of Directors on April 13. The Board of Directors included 14 industry leaders from Alpine Electronics, Compaq, Eastman Kodak Company, Hewlett Packard, LG Electronics, Matsushita Electric, Mitsubishi Electronics, Motorola, NEC, Samsung, SanDisk Corporation, Sharp, Thomson and Toshiba Corporation. Shortly thereafter, SD v1.01

1980-464: Was introduced in August 1999 by SanDisk , Panasonic (Matsushita) and Toshiba as an improvement on MultiMediaCards (MMCs). SDs have become an industry standard. The three companies formed SD-3C, LLC, a company that licenses and enforces intellectual property (IP) rights associated with SD memory cards and SD host-and-ancillary products. In January 2000, the companies formed the SD Association (SDA),

2025-967: Was released. The first SDIO specification was released in October 2001 and the miniSD released two years later in February 2003. Multiple SD specifications were announced in 2004 including the First Advanced Security SD (ASSD), First Controller Interface and SD v1.10 with high-speed mode (25 MB/s). MicroSD specifications were released in 2005 with SD v2.0 SD- High Capacity (SDHC), introducing memory cards with up to 32 GB of storage in 2006. SD v3.0 brought Extended Capacity (SDXC) specifications offering memory cards with up to 2 TB of storage and Ultra High Speed – bus transfer speeds of up to 104 megabytes per second ( MB/s ) in 2009. SD versions 4.0, v4.10 and v4.2 were introduced between 2011 and 2013. Version 4.0 included UHS-II interface specifications with bus transfer speeds of up to 312 MB/s and

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